Opuntia stricta var.dillenii cactus fruits are abundant in betalains and phenolic compounds,widely recognized for their bioactive properties.The present study investigates the microbial transformation of these bioacti...Opuntia stricta var.dillenii cactus fruits are abundant in betalains and phenolic compounds,widely recognized for their bioactive properties.The present study investigates the microbial transformation of these bioactives from O.dillenii extracts,obtained by environmentally friendly techniques,after exposure to human gut microbiota under controlled batch colonic fermentation conditions.To discern microbiota-specific effects,parallel in-cubations were conducted under identical abiotic conditions.Results showed that key compounds,including betacyanins,phenolic acids,and flavonoids,underwent extensive microbial degradation.Untargeted metab-olomic analysis further revealed the formation of several secondary metabolites,including L-tyrosine,dihy-droferulic acid,gentisic acid,and opuntiol,primarily in microbiota-active incubations.In contrast,compounds like tyramine,ferulic acid,and caffeic acid were more prevalent under abiotic conditions,indicating alternative,non-microbial transformation mechanisms.These results underscore the significant role of gut microbiota in modifying the chemical profile of natural extracts,providing new insights into the metabolic pathways of betalains and phenolic compounds from cactus fruits,and leading to the formation of secondary metabolites.展开更多
Research into natural sources of molecules that can modulate the immune system has gained significant interest in recent years,with a special emphasis on plant-based alternatives that could lead to the development of ...Research into natural sources of molecules that can modulate the immune system has gained significant interest in recent years,with a special emphasis on plant-based alternatives that could lead to the development of immunoceuticals.This study focused on the evaluation of the immunomodulatory potential of extracts obtained from three Opuntia varieties abundant in betalains and phenolic compounds:Opuntia stricta(var.dillenii)whole fruit extract(OD),Opuntia ficus-indica var.Blanca peel extract(BB)and Opuntia ficus-indica var.Colorada pulp extract(COL).All three extracts from these Opuntia varieties demonstrated significant antioxidant activity in Caco-2 and HepG2 cells and stimulated phagocytosis in RAW 264.7 macrophages.Among them,OD extract exhibited the most diverse composition in betalains and phenolic compounds,and the highest immunomodulatory potential by highly inhibiting nitric oxide(NO)production and enhancing the phagocytic activity in RAW 264.7 macrophages.Consequently,its composition was fractionated by Fast Centrifugal Partition Chromatography(FCPC)to conduct a bioguided study of the compound or groups of compounds responsible for the evaluated biological activities.A total of 12 fractions were obtained(F1-F12).Overall,fractions F3,F6,and,F7 showed greater activity in modulating cytokine production and inhibition,particularly tumoral necrosis factor(TNF)-α,and interleukins(IL-6,IL-10,and IL-1β),while the whole OD extract was more effective at reducing NO production and stimulating phagocytosis.These results underscore the potential of Opuntia cactus fruits as promising candidates for the development of natural immunomodulatory agents,widening the way for future research into their application as effective immunoceuticals.展开更多
基金funded by project PID 2020-118300RB-C21 from MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and ERDF A way of making Europe”.
文摘Opuntia stricta var.dillenii cactus fruits are abundant in betalains and phenolic compounds,widely recognized for their bioactive properties.The present study investigates the microbial transformation of these bioactives from O.dillenii extracts,obtained by environmentally friendly techniques,after exposure to human gut microbiota under controlled batch colonic fermentation conditions.To discern microbiota-specific effects,parallel in-cubations were conducted under identical abiotic conditions.Results showed that key compounds,including betacyanins,phenolic acids,and flavonoids,underwent extensive microbial degradation.Untargeted metab-olomic analysis further revealed the formation of several secondary metabolites,including L-tyrosine,dihy-droferulic acid,gentisic acid,and opuntiol,primarily in microbiota-active incubations.In contrast,compounds like tyramine,ferulic acid,and caffeic acid were more prevalent under abiotic conditions,indicating alternative,non-microbial transformation mechanisms.These results underscore the significant role of gut microbiota in modifying the chemical profile of natural extracts,providing new insights into the metabolic pathways of betalains and phenolic compounds from cactus fruits,and leading to the formation of secondary metabolites.
基金funded by project PID2020-118300RB-C21 from MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033“ERDF A way of making Europe”+1 种基金co-supported by the Challenge-Based Research Funding Program I007 IOR001-C5-T1-T from the Institute for Obesity Research of Tecnológico de MonterreySara Parralejo-Sanz thanks the Spanish National Research Council(CSIC)for the iMOVE grant for her PhD internationalization.
文摘Research into natural sources of molecules that can modulate the immune system has gained significant interest in recent years,with a special emphasis on plant-based alternatives that could lead to the development of immunoceuticals.This study focused on the evaluation of the immunomodulatory potential of extracts obtained from three Opuntia varieties abundant in betalains and phenolic compounds:Opuntia stricta(var.dillenii)whole fruit extract(OD),Opuntia ficus-indica var.Blanca peel extract(BB)and Opuntia ficus-indica var.Colorada pulp extract(COL).All three extracts from these Opuntia varieties demonstrated significant antioxidant activity in Caco-2 and HepG2 cells and stimulated phagocytosis in RAW 264.7 macrophages.Among them,OD extract exhibited the most diverse composition in betalains and phenolic compounds,and the highest immunomodulatory potential by highly inhibiting nitric oxide(NO)production and enhancing the phagocytic activity in RAW 264.7 macrophages.Consequently,its composition was fractionated by Fast Centrifugal Partition Chromatography(FCPC)to conduct a bioguided study of the compound or groups of compounds responsible for the evaluated biological activities.A total of 12 fractions were obtained(F1-F12).Overall,fractions F3,F6,and,F7 showed greater activity in modulating cytokine production and inhibition,particularly tumoral necrosis factor(TNF)-α,and interleukins(IL-6,IL-10,and IL-1β),while the whole OD extract was more effective at reducing NO production and stimulating phagocytosis.These results underscore the potential of Opuntia cactus fruits as promising candidates for the development of natural immunomodulatory agents,widening the way for future research into their application as effective immunoceuticals.
