An ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry （UPLC-qTOF-MS/MS） method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetic acid. T...An ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry （UPLC-qTOF-MS/MS） method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetic acid. These analytes were separated on a reverse phase C18 column using a mobile phase of acetonitrile：2% acetic acid in water （75：25, v/v） with a flow rate of 200 μL/min. The qTOF-MS was operated under multiple reaction monitoring （MRM） mode using the electrospray ionization （ESI） technique with positive ion polarity. A comparison of three different extraction techniques i.e. accelerated solvent extraction （ASE）, extraction under ultrasonic waves （USW） and the classical extraction by percolation （CE） method was done and quantification of these extracts was also carried out by the proposed method.展开更多
Chemokines are small protein molecules associated with various physiological events precisely in immune modulation via dhemokine receptors.The chemokine receptors are G-protein coupled receptors express mainly on the ...Chemokines are small protein molecules associated with various physiological events precisely in immune modulation via dhemokine receptors.The chemokine receptors are G-protein coupled receptors express mainly on the cell surface of immune cells.Retrovi-ruses,including HIV in the early stage of infection,primarily target chemokines receptors and get intemalized easily into immune cells;T cell and escape from immune surveillance.HIV glycoprotein selectively develops an affinity for the extracellular domain of chemokines recep-tors and allows the pathogen to intemalize via CCR-5.Now,CCR-5 remains a crucial signaling pathway that can be translated into the therapeutic target by changing the receptor protein environment.Many populations have a mutation in coding and promoter regions of CCR-5,tun-ing a resistance for HIV infection.Natively,there are several mechanisms where the human genome remains in the dynamic state by changing its composition and acquiring variations.Sin-gle nucleotide polymorphism is spontaneous phenomenon responsible for precise and point mutation at the genome.Several studies have demonstrated that European and African Amer-ican populations are enriched in significant CCR5 promoter SNP(CCR5432)in the coding and promoter region as well.Now,such SNP can be an early-stage biomarker in studying HIV and other similar infections.Here,in this study,we have elucidated the role of SNP(both the pro-moter and coding region)and the fate of HIV infections.We also empathized with the genetics of such SNPs,mostly frequency and its immunological impact.展开更多
文摘An ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry （UPLC-qTOF-MS/MS） method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetic acid. These analytes were separated on a reverse phase C18 column using a mobile phase of acetonitrile：2% acetic acid in water （75：25, v/v） with a flow rate of 200 μL/min. The qTOF-MS was operated under multiple reaction monitoring （MRM） mode using the electrospray ionization （ESI） technique with positive ion polarity. A comparison of three different extraction techniques i.e. accelerated solvent extraction （ASE）, extraction under ultrasonic waves （USW） and the classical extraction by percolation （CE） method was done and quantification of these extracts was also carried out by the proposed method.
文摘Chemokines are small protein molecules associated with various physiological events precisely in immune modulation via dhemokine receptors.The chemokine receptors are G-protein coupled receptors express mainly on the cell surface of immune cells.Retrovi-ruses,including HIV in the early stage of infection,primarily target chemokines receptors and get intemalized easily into immune cells;T cell and escape from immune surveillance.HIV glycoprotein selectively develops an affinity for the extracellular domain of chemokines recep-tors and allows the pathogen to intemalize via CCR-5.Now,CCR-5 remains a crucial signaling pathway that can be translated into the therapeutic target by changing the receptor protein environment.Many populations have a mutation in coding and promoter regions of CCR-5,tun-ing a resistance for HIV infection.Natively,there are several mechanisms where the human genome remains in the dynamic state by changing its composition and acquiring variations.Sin-gle nucleotide polymorphism is spontaneous phenomenon responsible for precise and point mutation at the genome.Several studies have demonstrated that European and African Amer-ican populations are enriched in significant CCR5 promoter SNP(CCR5432)in the coding and promoter region as well.Now,such SNP can be an early-stage biomarker in studying HIV and other similar infections.Here,in this study,we have elucidated the role of SNP(both the pro-moter and coding region)and the fate of HIV infections.We also empathized with the genetics of such SNPs,mostly frequency and its immunological impact.
