We study the Einstein images of a charged Rastall AdS black hole(BH)within the fabric of AdS/CFT correspondence.Considering the holographic setup,we analyze the amplitude of the total response function for various val...We study the Einstein images of a charged Rastall AdS black hole(BH)within the fabric of AdS/CFT correspondence.Considering the holographic setup,we analyze the amplitude of the total response function for various values of model parameters.With an increase in parameterλand temperature T,the amplitude of the response function decreases,while it increases with an increase in electric charge e and chemical potentialμ.The influence of frequencyωalso plays an important role in the bulk field,as it is found that decreasingωleads to an increase in the periods of the waves,which means that the amplitude of the response function also depends on the wave source.The relation between T and the inverse of the horizon for various values of parameterλis interpreted under fixed values of other involved parameters.These,in turn,affect the behavior of the response function and the Einstein ring,which may be used to differentiate the present study from previous ones.We construct the holographic images of the BH in bulk via a special optical system.The results show that the Einstein ring always appears with concentric stripes at the position of the north pole,and this ring transforms into a luminosity-deformed ring or bright light spot when the distant observer lies away from the north pole.Finally,we discuss the influence of the associated parameters on the Einstein ring radius,which is consistent with wave optics.展开更多
Using AdS/CFT correspondence,we analyze the holographic Einstein images via the response function of the complex scalar field as a probe wave on an AdS Schwarzschild scalar-tensor-vector gravity(STVG)black hole(BH).We...Using AdS/CFT correspondence,we analyze the holographic Einstein images via the response function of the complex scalar field as a probe wave on an AdS Schwarzschild scalar-tensor-vector gravity(STVG)black hole(BH).We find that the amplitude of the response function||decreases with increasing values of coupling parameter a and increases with decreasing temperature T.The frequencyωof the wave source also plays a significant role in wave periods;as we increase the values ofω,the periods of waves decrease,indicating that the total response function closely depends on the wave source.Further,we investigate the optical appearance of the holographic images of the BH in bulk.We found that the holographic ring always appears with surrounding concentric stripes when the observer is located at the north pole,and an extremely bright ring appears when the observer is at the position of the photon sphere of the BH.This ring changes into a luminosity-deformed ring or a bright light spot as the observational angle changes.The corresponding brightness profiles show that the luminosity of the ring decreases and the shadow radius increases with increasing values of a.The relation between temperature T and the inverse of the horizonh_e is discussed;T is small at the beginning of the horizon he and then increases as the horizon radius increases.This effect can be used to distinguish the STVG BH solution from other BH solutions.Moreover,these significant features are also reflected in the Einstein ring and corresponding brightness profiles.In addition,we compare the results obtained by wave optics and geometric optics,which align well,implying that the holographic scheme adopted in this study is valid.展开更多
This manuscript aims to study cosmic warm inflation(WI)in the framework of f(Q)-gravity,where Q represents the nonmetricity(NM)scalar.To accomplish this task,we introduce the Tsallis,Renyi,and Barrow holographic dark ...This manuscript aims to study cosmic warm inflation(WI)in the framework of f(Q)-gravity,where Q represents the nonmetricity(NM)scalar.To accomplish this task,we introduce the Tsallis,Renyi,and Barrow holographic dark energy(HDE)entropies into the standard Friedmann equations.Utilizing the slow-roll(SR)approximation,we find exact analytic solutions for the inflaton field,the effective potential necessary to produce inflation,and the scale factor for both low-and high-dissipative regimes.We calculate key parameters,including SR parameters,the number of e-folds,the scalar spectral index and its running,and finally tensor-to-scalar ratio to assess the accuracy of the chosen DE models in light of the published observational data.The allowed ranges of the involved free parameters are found from the limits on inflationary observables imposed by the Planck data.It is concluded that the obtained results are consistent with proposed theoretical predictions up to the 2σ confidence level.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11675140,11705005,12375043)the Innovation and Development Joint Foundation of Chongqing Natural Science Foundation (CSTB2022NSCQ-LZX0021)the Basic Research Project of Science and Technology Committee of Chongqing (CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX0324)。
文摘We study the Einstein images of a charged Rastall AdS black hole(BH)within the fabric of AdS/CFT correspondence.Considering the holographic setup,we analyze the amplitude of the total response function for various values of model parameters.With an increase in parameterλand temperature T,the amplitude of the response function decreases,while it increases with an increase in electric charge e and chemical potentialμ.The influence of frequencyωalso plays an important role in the bulk field,as it is found that decreasingωleads to an increase in the periods of the waves,which means that the amplitude of the response function also depends on the wave source.The relation between T and the inverse of the horizon for various values of parameterλis interpreted under fixed values of other involved parameters.These,in turn,affect the behavior of the response function and the Einstein ring,which may be used to differentiate the present study from previous ones.We construct the holographic images of the BH in bulk via a special optical system.The results show that the Einstein ring always appears with concentric stripes at the position of the north pole,and this ring transforms into a luminosity-deformed ring or bright light spot when the distant observer lies away from the north pole.Finally,we discuss the influence of the associated parameters on the Einstein ring radius,which is consistent with wave optics.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11675140,11705005,12375043)the Innovation and Development Joint Foundation of Chongqing Natural Science Foundation(CSTB2022NSCQ-LZX0021)the Basic Research Project of Science and Technology Committee of Chongqing(CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX0324)。
文摘Using AdS/CFT correspondence,we analyze the holographic Einstein images via the response function of the complex scalar field as a probe wave on an AdS Schwarzschild scalar-tensor-vector gravity(STVG)black hole(BH).We find that the amplitude of the response function||decreases with increasing values of coupling parameter a and increases with decreasing temperature T.The frequencyωof the wave source also plays a significant role in wave periods;as we increase the values ofω,the periods of waves decrease,indicating that the total response function closely depends on the wave source.Further,we investigate the optical appearance of the holographic images of the BH in bulk.We found that the holographic ring always appears with surrounding concentric stripes when the observer is located at the north pole,and an extremely bright ring appears when the observer is at the position of the photon sphere of the BH.This ring changes into a luminosity-deformed ring or a bright light spot as the observational angle changes.The corresponding brightness profiles show that the luminosity of the ring decreases and the shadow radius increases with increasing values of a.The relation between temperature T and the inverse of the horizonh_e is discussed;T is small at the beginning of the horizon he and then increases as the horizon radius increases.This effect can be used to distinguish the STVG BH solution from other BH solutions.Moreover,these significant features are also reflected in the Einstein ring and corresponding brightness profiles.In addition,we compare the results obtained by wave optics and geometric optics,which align well,implying that the holographic scheme adopted in this study is valid.
文摘This manuscript aims to study cosmic warm inflation(WI)in the framework of f(Q)-gravity,where Q represents the nonmetricity(NM)scalar.To accomplish this task,we introduce the Tsallis,Renyi,and Barrow holographic dark energy(HDE)entropies into the standard Friedmann equations.Utilizing the slow-roll(SR)approximation,we find exact analytic solutions for the inflaton field,the effective potential necessary to produce inflation,and the scale factor for both low-and high-dissipative regimes.We calculate key parameters,including SR parameters,the number of e-folds,the scalar spectral index and its running,and finally tensor-to-scalar ratio to assess the accuracy of the chosen DE models in light of the published observational data.The allowed ranges of the involved free parameters are found from the limits on inflationary observables imposed by the Planck data.It is concluded that the obtained results are consistent with proposed theoretical predictions up to the 2σ confidence level.
