This paper examines the transport analysis,including both heat transfer and mass transfer,in hybrid nanofluid flow containing gyrotactic microorganisms towards a curved oscillatory surface.The influence of magnetic fi...This paper examines the transport analysis,including both heat transfer and mass transfer,in hybrid nanofluid flow containing gyrotactic microorganisms towards a curved oscillatory surface.The influence of magnetic fields is also inspected in terms of their physical characteristics.To depict the phenomena of transport,modified versions of both Fick's and Fourier's laws are used.Additionally,the characteristics of both heterogeneous and homogeneous chemical reactions are also incorporated.Utilizing a curvilinear coordinate system,the flow problem is formulated as partial differential equations(PDEs)for momentum,concentration,microorganism field,and energy.An analytical solution to the obtained flow equations is achieved utilizing the homotopy analysis method(HAM).The effects of significant flow parameters on the pressure and microorganism fields,velocity,oscillation velocity,concentration,and temperature distributions are shown via graphs.Furthermore,the variations in skin friction,mass transfer rate,heat transfer rate,and local motile number due to different involved parameters are presented in tables and are analyzed in detail.Graphical results indicate that the curves of velocity and temperature fields are enhanced as the values of the solid volume fraction variables increase.It is also verified that the concentration rate field decreases as the values of the homogeneous reaction strength parameter and the radius of curvature parameter increase,and it increases with the Schmidt number and the heterogeneous reaction strength parameter.Tabular outcomes show a favorable response of the motile number to advanced values of the Peclet number,the Schmidt number,the microorganism difference parameter,and the bio-convective Lewis number.展开更多
Apatite is the dominant phosphorus(P) mineral in early stages of soil development, and its redistribution as labile forms under pedogenesis controls terrestrial bioavailability. Quantitative distribution of labile for...Apatite is the dominant phosphorus(P) mineral in early stages of soil development, and its redistribution as labile forms under pedogenesis controls terrestrial bioavailability. Quantitative distribution of labile forms of P and apatite-P was examined in Pothwar Loess Plain, Pakistan where the degree of pedogenesis varied with relief. Four soil types, Typic Ustorthents(Rajar), Typic Calciustepts(Missa), Udic Calciustepts(Basal), and Udic Haplustalfs(Guliana), were sampled from three replicated locations at genetic horizon level. With the exception of total P value at surface, the mean total and apatite-P decreased towards the surface in Udic Haplustalfs and Udic Calciustepts where dicalcium and octacalcium phosphate increased toward surface. Iron(oxides and oxyhydroxides) adsorbed and occluded P forms were also in greater quantities in Udic Haplustalfs and increased toward the surface, whereas they were lowest and uniform in the Typic Ustorthents. Aluminum- and organic P correlated with soil organic matter. Apatite-P decreased exponentially with an increase in the sum of iron adsorbed and occluded P fractions, and fitted the equation M(x)= M0 [1- exp(-wx)] with r2= 0.996, where M(x)is the mean apatite-P concentration in solum, M0 is the apatite-P content in the loess sediments, x is the cumulative iron adsorbed and occluded P, and w is an empirical factor indicating the change rate of apatite-P in the loess. From the calculated apatite-P of 740 mg kg-1at the time of deposition, mean apatite-P loss was 60% in Udic Haplustalfs, 33% in Udic Calciustepts, 23% in Typic Calciustepts, and 8% in Typic Ustorthents. The transformation of soil P to labile forms was faster and deeper in level or slight depressions followed by gently sloping areas in wide plains, and was the least in the gullied land.展开更多
This study deals with the features of the mass and heat transport mechanism by adopting a modified version of Fourier and Fick’s model known as the CattaneoChristov double diffusive theory.The time-dependent magnetoh...This study deals with the features of the mass and heat transport mechanism by adopting a modified version of Fourier and Fick’s model known as the CattaneoChristov double diffusive theory.The time-dependent magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)flow of the Eyring-Powell liquid across an oscillatory stretchable curved sheet in the presence of Fourier and Fick’s model is investigated.The acquired set of flow equations is transformed into the form of nonlinear partial differential equations(PDEs)by applying appropriate similarity variables.A convergent series solution to the developed nonlinear equations is accomplished with the help of an analytical approach,i.e.,the homotopy analysis method(HAM).The consequences of diverse parameters,including the dimensionless EyringPowell liquid parameter,the radius of curvature,the Schmidt/Prandtl numbers,the ratio of the oscillatory frequency of the sheet to its stretchable rate constant,the mass and thermal relaxation variables involved in the flow,and the heat and mass properties,are displayed through graphs and tables.It is noted from this study that the amplitude of the pressure distribution rises for the high parametric values of the Eyring-Powell parameter.展开更多
The velocity field and the adequate shear stress corresponding to the longitudinal flow of a fractional second grade fluid,between two infinite coaxial circular cylinders,are determined by applying the Laplace and fin...The velocity field and the adequate shear stress corresponding to the longitudinal flow of a fractional second grade fluid,between two infinite coaxial circular cylinders,are determined by applying the Laplace and finite Hankel transforms.Initially the fluid is at rest,and at time t=0^+, the inner cylinder suddenly begins to translate along the common axis with constant acceleration. The solutions that have been obtained are presented in terms of generalized G functions.Moreover, these solutions satisfy both the governing differential equations and all imposed initial and boundary conditions.The corresponding solutions for ordinary second grade and Newtonian fluids are obtained as limiting cases of the general solutions.Finally,some characteristics of the motion,as well as the influences of the material and fractional parameters on the fluid motion and a comparison between models,are underlined by graphical illustrations.展开更多
The crystal structure, electrical and optical properties of ZnSe thin films deposited on an In203 ：Sn （ITO） substrate are evaluated for their suitability as the window layer of CdTe thin film solar cells. ZnSe thin...The crystal structure, electrical and optical properties of ZnSe thin films deposited on an In203 ：Sn （ITO） substrate are evaluated for their suitability as the window layer of CdTe thin film solar cells. ZnSe thin films of 80, 90, and 100 nm thickness were deposited by a physical vapor deposition method on Indium tin oxide coated glass substrates. The lattice parameters are increased to 5.834 A when the film thickness was 100 rim, which is close to that of CdS. The crystallite size is decreased with the increase of film thickness. The optical transmission analysis shows that the energy gap for the sample with the highest thickness has also increased and is very close to 2.7 eV. The photo decay is also studied as a function of ZnSe film thickness.展开更多
文摘This paper examines the transport analysis,including both heat transfer and mass transfer,in hybrid nanofluid flow containing gyrotactic microorganisms towards a curved oscillatory surface.The influence of magnetic fields is also inspected in terms of their physical characteristics.To depict the phenomena of transport,modified versions of both Fick's and Fourier's laws are used.Additionally,the characteristics of both heterogeneous and homogeneous chemical reactions are also incorporated.Utilizing a curvilinear coordinate system,the flow problem is formulated as partial differential equations(PDEs)for momentum,concentration,microorganism field,and energy.An analytical solution to the obtained flow equations is achieved utilizing the homotopy analysis method(HAM).The effects of significant flow parameters on the pressure and microorganism fields,velocity,oscillation velocity,concentration,and temperature distributions are shown via graphs.Furthermore,the variations in skin friction,mass transfer rate,heat transfer rate,and local motile number due to different involved parameters are presented in tables and are analyzed in detail.Graphical results indicate that the curves of velocity and temperature fields are enhanced as the values of the solid volume fraction variables increase.It is also verified that the concentration rate field decreases as the values of the homogeneous reaction strength parameter and the radius of curvature parameter increase,and it increases with the Schmidt number and the heterogeneous reaction strength parameter.Tabular outcomes show a favorable response of the motile number to advanced values of the Peclet number,the Schmidt number,the microorganism difference parameter,and the bio-convective Lewis number.
基金Supported by the Higher Education Commission,Pakistan
文摘Apatite is the dominant phosphorus(P) mineral in early stages of soil development, and its redistribution as labile forms under pedogenesis controls terrestrial bioavailability. Quantitative distribution of labile forms of P and apatite-P was examined in Pothwar Loess Plain, Pakistan where the degree of pedogenesis varied with relief. Four soil types, Typic Ustorthents(Rajar), Typic Calciustepts(Missa), Udic Calciustepts(Basal), and Udic Haplustalfs(Guliana), were sampled from three replicated locations at genetic horizon level. With the exception of total P value at surface, the mean total and apatite-P decreased towards the surface in Udic Haplustalfs and Udic Calciustepts where dicalcium and octacalcium phosphate increased toward surface. Iron(oxides and oxyhydroxides) adsorbed and occluded P forms were also in greater quantities in Udic Haplustalfs and increased toward the surface, whereas they were lowest and uniform in the Typic Ustorthents. Aluminum- and organic P correlated with soil organic matter. Apatite-P decreased exponentially with an increase in the sum of iron adsorbed and occluded P fractions, and fitted the equation M(x)= M0 [1- exp(-wx)] with r2= 0.996, where M(x)is the mean apatite-P concentration in solum, M0 is the apatite-P content in the loess sediments, x is the cumulative iron adsorbed and occluded P, and w is an empirical factor indicating the change rate of apatite-P in the loess. From the calculated apatite-P of 740 mg kg-1at the time of deposition, mean apatite-P loss was 60% in Udic Haplustalfs, 33% in Udic Calciustepts, 23% in Typic Calciustepts, and 8% in Typic Ustorthents. The transformation of soil P to labile forms was faster and deeper in level or slight depressions followed by gently sloping areas in wide plains, and was the least in the gullied land.
文摘This study deals with the features of the mass and heat transport mechanism by adopting a modified version of Fourier and Fick’s model known as the CattaneoChristov double diffusive theory.The time-dependent magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)flow of the Eyring-Powell liquid across an oscillatory stretchable curved sheet in the presence of Fourier and Fick’s model is investigated.The acquired set of flow equations is transformed into the form of nonlinear partial differential equations(PDEs)by applying appropriate similarity variables.A convergent series solution to the developed nonlinear equations is accomplished with the help of an analytical approach,i.e.,the homotopy analysis method(HAM).The consequences of diverse parameters,including the dimensionless EyringPowell liquid parameter,the radius of curvature,the Schmidt/Prandtl numbers,the ratio of the oscillatory frequency of the sheet to its stretchable rate constant,the mass and thermal relaxation variables involved in the flow,and the heat and mass properties,are displayed through graphs and tables.It is noted from this study that the amplitude of the pressure distribution rises for the high parametric values of the Eyring-Powell parameter.
文摘The velocity field and the adequate shear stress corresponding to the longitudinal flow of a fractional second grade fluid,between two infinite coaxial circular cylinders,are determined by applying the Laplace and finite Hankel transforms.Initially the fluid is at rest,and at time t=0^+, the inner cylinder suddenly begins to translate along the common axis with constant acceleration. The solutions that have been obtained are presented in terms of generalized G functions.Moreover, these solutions satisfy both the governing differential equations and all imposed initial and boundary conditions.The corresponding solutions for ordinary second grade and Newtonian fluids are obtained as limiting cases of the general solutions.Finally,some characteristics of the motion,as well as the influences of the material and fractional parameters on the fluid motion and a comparison between models,are underlined by graphical illustrations.
文摘The crystal structure, electrical and optical properties of ZnSe thin films deposited on an In203 ：Sn （ITO） substrate are evaluated for their suitability as the window layer of CdTe thin film solar cells. ZnSe thin films of 80, 90, and 100 nm thickness were deposited by a physical vapor deposition method on Indium tin oxide coated glass substrates. The lattice parameters are increased to 5.834 A when the film thickness was 100 rim, which is close to that of CdS. The crystallite size is decreased with the increase of film thickness. The optical transmission analysis shows that the energy gap for the sample with the highest thickness has also increased and is very close to 2.7 eV. The photo decay is also studied as a function of ZnSe film thickness.
