Despite an increasing awareness of the potential of“orphan”or unimproved crops to contribute to food security and enhanced livelihoods for farmers,coordinated research agendas to facilitate production and use of orp...Despite an increasing awareness of the potential of“orphan”or unimproved crops to contribute to food security and enhanced livelihoods for farmers,coordinated research agendas to facilitate production and use of orphan crops by local communities are generally lacking.We provide an overview of the current knowledge on leafy vegetables with a focus on Gynandropsis gynandra,a highly nutritious species used in Africa and Asia,and highlight general and species-specific guidelines for participatory,genomics-assisted breeding of orphan crops.Key steps in genome-enabled orphan leafy vegetables improvement are identified and discussed in the context of Gynandropsis gynandra breeding,including:(1)germplasm collection and management;(2)product target definition and refinement;(3)characterization of the genetic control of key traits;(4)design of the‘process’for cultivar development;(5)integration of genomic data to optimize that‘process’;(6)multi-environmental participatory testing and end-user evaluation;and(7)crop value chain development.The review discusses each step in detail,with emphasis on improving leaf yield,phytonutrient content,organoleptic quality,resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses and post-harvest management.展开更多
Plant root-nodule symbiosis(RNS)with mutualistic nitrogen-fixing bacteria is restricted to a single clade of angiosperms,the Nitrogen-Fixing Nodulation Clade(NFNC),and is best understood in the legume family.Nodulatin...Plant root-nodule symbiosis(RNS)with mutualistic nitrogen-fixing bacteria is restricted to a single clade of angiosperms,the Nitrogen-Fixing Nodulation Clade(NFNC),and is best understood in the legume family.Nodulating species share many commonalities,explained either by divergence from a common ancestor over 100 million years ago or by convergence following independent origins over that same time period.Regardless,comparative analyses of diverse nodulation syndromes can provide insights into constraints on nodulation—what must be acquired or cannot be lost for a functional symbiosis—and the latitude for Plant Communications Genomic landscape of nodulation variation in the symbiosis.However,much remains to be learned about nodulation,especially outside of legumes.Here,we employed a large-scale phylogenomic analysis across 88 species,complemented by 151 RNA-seq libraries,to elucidate the evolution of RNS.Our phylogenomic analyses further emphasize the uniqueness of the transcription factor NIN as a master regulator of nodulation and identify key muta-tions that affect its function across the NFNC.Comparative transcriptomic assessment revealed nodule-specific upregulated genes across diverse nodulating plants,while also identifying nodule-specific and nitrogen-response genes.Approximately 70%of symbiosis-related genes are highly conserved in the four representative species,whereas defense-related and host-range restriction genes tend to be lineage specific.Our study also identified over 900000 conserved non-coding elements(CNEs),over 300000 of which are unique to sampled NFNC species.NFNC-specific CNEs are enriched with the active H3K9ac mark and are correlated with accessible chromatin regions,thus representing a pool of candidate regula-tory elements for genes involved in RNS.Collectively,our results provide novel insights into the evolution of nodulation and lay a foundation for engineering of RNS traits in agriculturally important crops.展开更多
基金This study was supported by the Applied Research Fund of the Netherlands Organization for Science under the Project“Utilizing the genome of the vegetable species Cleome gynandra for the development of improved cultivars for the West and East African markets”(Project Number:W.08.270.350)and the African Orphan Crops Consortium.
文摘Despite an increasing awareness of the potential of“orphan”or unimproved crops to contribute to food security and enhanced livelihoods for farmers,coordinated research agendas to facilitate production and use of orphan crops by local communities are generally lacking.We provide an overview of the current knowledge on leafy vegetables with a focus on Gynandropsis gynandra,a highly nutritious species used in Africa and Asia,and highlight general and species-specific guidelines for participatory,genomics-assisted breeding of orphan crops.Key steps in genome-enabled orphan leafy vegetables improvement are identified and discussed in the context of Gynandropsis gynandra breeding,including:(1)germplasm collection and management;(2)product target definition and refinement;(3)characterization of the genetic control of key traits;(4)design of the‘process’for cultivar development;(5)integration of genomic data to optimize that‘process’;(6)multi-environmental participatory testing and end-user evaluation;and(7)crop value chain development.The review discusses each step in detail,with emphasis on improving leaf yield,phytonutrient content,organoleptic quality,resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses and post-harvest management.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32022006)the Program for Guangdong"ZhuJiang"Innovation Teams (2019ZT08N628)+6 种基金the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program (ASTIP) (CAAS-XTCX2016001)the special funds for science technology innovation and industrial development of Shenzhen Dapeng New District (PT202101-01)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32070250)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (2020A1515011030)the open research project of"Cross-Cooperative Team"of the Germplasm Bank of Wild Species,Kunming Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciencessupported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (2022A1515110240)support was provided by IRD and the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (Project SESAM,2010 BLAN 170801).
文摘Plant root-nodule symbiosis(RNS)with mutualistic nitrogen-fixing bacteria is restricted to a single clade of angiosperms,the Nitrogen-Fixing Nodulation Clade(NFNC),and is best understood in the legume family.Nodulating species share many commonalities,explained either by divergence from a common ancestor over 100 million years ago or by convergence following independent origins over that same time period.Regardless,comparative analyses of diverse nodulation syndromes can provide insights into constraints on nodulation—what must be acquired or cannot be lost for a functional symbiosis—and the latitude for Plant Communications Genomic landscape of nodulation variation in the symbiosis.However,much remains to be learned about nodulation,especially outside of legumes.Here,we employed a large-scale phylogenomic analysis across 88 species,complemented by 151 RNA-seq libraries,to elucidate the evolution of RNS.Our phylogenomic analyses further emphasize the uniqueness of the transcription factor NIN as a master regulator of nodulation and identify key muta-tions that affect its function across the NFNC.Comparative transcriptomic assessment revealed nodule-specific upregulated genes across diverse nodulating plants,while also identifying nodule-specific and nitrogen-response genes.Approximately 70%of symbiosis-related genes are highly conserved in the four representative species,whereas defense-related and host-range restriction genes tend to be lineage specific.Our study also identified over 900000 conserved non-coding elements(CNEs),over 300000 of which are unique to sampled NFNC species.NFNC-specific CNEs are enriched with the active H3K9ac mark and are correlated with accessible chromatin regions,thus representing a pool of candidate regula-tory elements for genes involved in RNS.Collectively,our results provide novel insights into the evolution of nodulation and lay a foundation for engineering of RNS traits in agriculturally important crops.
