This review addresses the diverse applications of multiphase flows,focusing on drilling,completions,and injection activities in the oil and gas industry.Identifying contemporary challenges and suggesting future resear...This review addresses the diverse applications of multiphase flows,focusing on drilling,completions,and injection activities in the oil and gas industry.Identifying contemporary challenges and suggesting future research directions,it comprehensively reviews evolving applications in these multidisciplinary topics.In drilling,challenges such as gas kicks,cutting transport,and hole cleaning are explored.The application of immersion cooling technology in surface facilities for gas fields utilized in integrated bitcoin mining is also discussed.Nanotechnology,particularly the use of nanoparticles and nanofluids,shows promise in mitigating particulate flow issues and controlling macroscopic fluid behavior.Nanofluids find applications in drilling for formation strengthening and mitigating formation damage in completions as highlighted in this work,as well as in subsurface injection for enhanced oil recovery(EOR),waterflooding,reservoir mapping,and sequestration tracking.The review emphasizes the need for techno-economic analyses using multiphase flow models,particularly in scenarios involving fluid injection for energy storage.Addressing these multiphase flow challenges is crucial for the future of energy diversity and transition initiatives,offering benefits such as financial stability,resilience,sustainability,and reliable supply chains.The first part of this review presents the application of multiphase(typical gas,liquid,solid)flow models and technology for drilling,completion,and injection operations.While the second part reviews the applications of multiphase particulate(nanofluid)flow technology,the use of computational fluid dynamics(CFD),machine learning(ML),and system modeling for multiphase flow models in drilling,completions,and injection operations.展开更多
This review addresses the diverse applications of multiphase flows,focusing on drilling,completions,and injection activities in the oil and gas industry.Identifying contemporary challenges and suggesting future resear...This review addresses the diverse applications of multiphase flows,focusing on drilling,completions,and injection activities in the oil and gas industry.Identifying contemporary challenges and suggesting future research directions,it comprehensively reviews evolving applications in these multidisciplinary topics.In drilling,challenges such as gas kicks,cutting transport,and hole cleaning are explored.The application of immersion cooling technology in surface facilities for gas fields utilized in integrated bitcoin mining is also discussed.Nanotechnology,particularly the use of nanoparticles and nanofluids,shows promise in mitigating particulate flow issues and controlling macroscopic fluid behavior.Nanofluids find applications in drilling for formation strengthening and mitigating formation damage in completions as highlighted in this work,as well as in subsurface injection for enhanced oil recovery(EOR),waterflooding,reservoir mapping,and sequestration tracking.The review emphasizes the need for techno-economic analyses using multiphase flow models,particularly in scenarios involving fluid injection for energy storage.Addressing these multiphase flow challenges is crucial for the future of energy diversity and transition initiatives,offering benefits such as financial stability,resilience,sustainability,and reliable supply chains.In the first part of this review,we presented the application of multiphase(typical gas,liquid,solid)flow models and technology for drilling,completion,and injection operations.This second part of this review presents the applications of multiphase particulate(nanofluid)flow technology for drilling,completion,and injection operations.It aims to identify technology development needs related to multiphase flows,enhancing research endeavors for better cognition and mitigation of the identified issues.The use of computational fluid dynamics(CFD),machine learning(ML),and system modeling for multiphase flow models is also discussed.展开更多
Two-photon polymerisation lithography enables the three-dimensional(3D)-printing of high-resolution micron-and nano-scale structures.Structures that are 3D-printed using proprietary resins are transparent and are suit...Two-photon polymerisation lithography enables the three-dimensional(3D)-printing of high-resolution micron-and nano-scale structures.Structures that are 3D-printed using proprietary resins are transparent and are suitable as optical components.However,achieving a mix of opaque and transparent structures in a single optical component is challenging and requires multiple material systems or the manual introduction of ink after fabrication.In this study,we investigated an overexposure printing process for laser decomposition,which typically produces uncontrollable and random‘burnt’structures.Specifically,we present a printing strategy to control this decomposition process,realising the on-demand printing of opaque or transparent structures in a single lithographic step using a single resin.Using this method,opaque structures can be printed with a minimum feature size of approximately 10μm,which exhibit<15%transmittance at a thickness of approximately 30μm.We applied this process to print an opaque aperture integrated with a transparent lens to demonstrate an improved imaging contrast.展开更多
文摘This review addresses the diverse applications of multiphase flows,focusing on drilling,completions,and injection activities in the oil and gas industry.Identifying contemporary challenges and suggesting future research directions,it comprehensively reviews evolving applications in these multidisciplinary topics.In drilling,challenges such as gas kicks,cutting transport,and hole cleaning are explored.The application of immersion cooling technology in surface facilities for gas fields utilized in integrated bitcoin mining is also discussed.Nanotechnology,particularly the use of nanoparticles and nanofluids,shows promise in mitigating particulate flow issues and controlling macroscopic fluid behavior.Nanofluids find applications in drilling for formation strengthening and mitigating formation damage in completions as highlighted in this work,as well as in subsurface injection for enhanced oil recovery(EOR),waterflooding,reservoir mapping,and sequestration tracking.The review emphasizes the need for techno-economic analyses using multiphase flow models,particularly in scenarios involving fluid injection for energy storage.Addressing these multiphase flow challenges is crucial for the future of energy diversity and transition initiatives,offering benefits such as financial stability,resilience,sustainability,and reliable supply chains.The first part of this review presents the application of multiphase(typical gas,liquid,solid)flow models and technology for drilling,completion,and injection operations.While the second part reviews the applications of multiphase particulate(nanofluid)flow technology,the use of computational fluid dynamics(CFD),machine learning(ML),and system modeling for multiphase flow models in drilling,completions,and injection operations.
文摘This review addresses the diverse applications of multiphase flows,focusing on drilling,completions,and injection activities in the oil and gas industry.Identifying contemporary challenges and suggesting future research directions,it comprehensively reviews evolving applications in these multidisciplinary topics.In drilling,challenges such as gas kicks,cutting transport,and hole cleaning are explored.The application of immersion cooling technology in surface facilities for gas fields utilized in integrated bitcoin mining is also discussed.Nanotechnology,particularly the use of nanoparticles and nanofluids,shows promise in mitigating particulate flow issues and controlling macroscopic fluid behavior.Nanofluids find applications in drilling for formation strengthening and mitigating formation damage in completions as highlighted in this work,as well as in subsurface injection for enhanced oil recovery(EOR),waterflooding,reservoir mapping,and sequestration tracking.The review emphasizes the need for techno-economic analyses using multiphase flow models,particularly in scenarios involving fluid injection for energy storage.Addressing these multiphase flow challenges is crucial for the future of energy diversity and transition initiatives,offering benefits such as financial stability,resilience,sustainability,and reliable supply chains.In the first part of this review,we presented the application of multiphase(typical gas,liquid,solid)flow models and technology for drilling,completion,and injection operations.This second part of this review presents the applications of multiphase particulate(nanofluid)flow technology for drilling,completion,and injection operations.It aims to identify technology development needs related to multiphase flows,enhancing research endeavors for better cognition and mitigation of the identified issues.The use of computational fluid dynamics(CFD),machine learning(ML),and system modeling for multiphase flow models is also discussed.
基金funded by the Singapore University of Technology and Design(SUTD)through the SUTD Ph.D.Fellowship.
文摘Two-photon polymerisation lithography enables the three-dimensional(3D)-printing of high-resolution micron-and nano-scale structures.Structures that are 3D-printed using proprietary resins are transparent and are suitable as optical components.However,achieving a mix of opaque and transparent structures in a single optical component is challenging and requires multiple material systems or the manual introduction of ink after fabrication.In this study,we investigated an overexposure printing process for laser decomposition,which typically produces uncontrollable and random‘burnt’structures.Specifically,we present a printing strategy to control this decomposition process,realising the on-demand printing of opaque or transparent structures in a single lithographic step using a single resin.Using this method,opaque structures can be printed with a minimum feature size of approximately 10μm,which exhibit<15%transmittance at a thickness of approximately 30μm.We applied this process to print an opaque aperture integrated with a transparent lens to demonstrate an improved imaging contrast.
