Post-translational modifications(PTMs)of proteins play a crucial role in living organisms,altering the properties and functions of proteins.There are over 450 known PTMs involved in various life activities.LSD1(lysine...Post-translational modifications(PTMs)of proteins play a crucial role in living organisms,altering the properties and functions of proteins.There are over 450 known PTMs involved in various life activities.LSD1(lysine-specific demethylase 1)is the first identified histone demethylase that can remove monomethylation or dimethylation modifications from histone H3 lysine K4(H3K4)and histone H3 lysine K9(H3K9).This ability of LSD1 allows it to inhibit or activate transcription.LSD1 has been found to abnormally express at the protein level in various tumors, making it relevant to multiple diseases. As a PTM enzyme, LSD1 itself undergoes various PTMs, including phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, methylation, SUMOylation, and S-nitrosylation, influencing its activity and function. Dysregulation of thesePTMs has been implicated in a wide range of diseases, including cancer, metabolic disorders,neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and bone diseases. Understanding the speciesof PTMs and functions regulated by various PTMs of LSD1 provides insights into its involvementin diverse physiological and pathological processes. In this review, we discuss the structuralcharacteristics of LSD1 and amino acid residues that affect its enzyme activity. We also summarize the potential PTMs that occur on LSD1 and their involvement in cellular processes.Furthermore, we describe human diseases associated with abnormal expression of LSD1. Thiscomprehensive analysis sheds light on the intricate interplay between PTMs and the functionsof LSD1, highlighting their significance in health and diseases.展开更多
Photovoltaic(PV)system’s performance is significantly affected by its orientation and tilt angle.Experimental investigation(indoor and outdoor)has been carried out to trace the variation in PV performance and electri...Photovoltaic(PV)system’s performance is significantly affected by its orientation and tilt angle.Experimental investigation(indoor and outdoor)has been carried out to trace the variation in PV performance and electrical parameters at varying tilt angles in Malaysian conditions.There were two experimental modus:1)varying module tilt under constant irradiation level,2)varying irradiation intensity at the optimum tilt set up.For the former scheme,the irradiation level was maintained at 750 W/m^(2),and for the later arrangement,the module tilt angle was varied from 0 o to 80 o by means of a single-axis tracker.Results show that under constant irradiation of 750 W/m^(2),every 5 o increase in tilt angle causes a power drop of 2.09 W at indoor and 3.45 W at outdoor.In contrast,for the same condition,efficiency decreases by 0.54%for indoor case and by 0.76%at outdoor.On the other hand,for every 100 W/m^(2)increase in irradiation,solar cell temperature rises by 7.52℃at indoor and by 5.67℃at outdoor.As of module electrical parameters,open-circuit voltage,short-circuit current,maximum power point voltage and maximum power point current drops substantially with increasing tilt angle,whereas fill factor drops rather gradually.Outdoor experimental investigation confirms that the optimum tilt angle at Malaysian conditions is 15 o and orienting a PV module this angle will maximize the sun’s energy captured and thereby enhance its performance.展开更多
基金supported by the Basic Research of Medical Science and Technique Foundation of Henan Province,China(No.SBGJ202301004 to X.B.C.)the Key Project of the High Education from the Education Department of Henan Province,China(No.22ZX008 to Y.C.Z.)+4 种基金the Youth Supporting Program from Henan Province,China(No.2021HYTP060 to Y.C.Z.)the Youth Supporting Program from Zhengzhou University(No.JC202044046 to Y.C.Z.)the Science and Technology Project of Henan Province,China(No.232102311179 to Y.G.)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U21A20416,82020108030 to H.M.L,82103997 to B.W.)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2021M692950 to B.W.,2021M702942 to L.J.Z.).
文摘Post-translational modifications(PTMs)of proteins play a crucial role in living organisms,altering the properties and functions of proteins.There are over 450 known PTMs involved in various life activities.LSD1(lysine-specific demethylase 1)is the first identified histone demethylase that can remove monomethylation or dimethylation modifications from histone H3 lysine K4(H3K4)and histone H3 lysine K9(H3K9).This ability of LSD1 allows it to inhibit or activate transcription.LSD1 has been found to abnormally express at the protein level in various tumors, making it relevant to multiple diseases. As a PTM enzyme, LSD1 itself undergoes various PTMs, including phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, methylation, SUMOylation, and S-nitrosylation, influencing its activity and function. Dysregulation of thesePTMs has been implicated in a wide range of diseases, including cancer, metabolic disorders,neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and bone diseases. Understanding the speciesof PTMs and functions regulated by various PTMs of LSD1 provides insights into its involvementin diverse physiological and pathological processes. In this review, we discuss the structuralcharacteristics of LSD1 and amino acid residues that affect its enzyme activity. We also summarize the potential PTMs that occur on LSD1 and their involvement in cellular processes.Furthermore, we describe human diseases associated with abnormal expression of LSD1. Thiscomprehensive analysis sheds light on the intricate interplay between PTMs and the functionsof LSD1, highlighting their significance in health and diseases.
基金The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support from University of Malaya,Impact Oriented Interdisciplinary Research Grant(Project:IIRG015B-2019)to carry out this research.
文摘Photovoltaic(PV)system’s performance is significantly affected by its orientation and tilt angle.Experimental investigation(indoor and outdoor)has been carried out to trace the variation in PV performance and electrical parameters at varying tilt angles in Malaysian conditions.There were two experimental modus:1)varying module tilt under constant irradiation level,2)varying irradiation intensity at the optimum tilt set up.For the former scheme,the irradiation level was maintained at 750 W/m^(2),and for the later arrangement,the module tilt angle was varied from 0 o to 80 o by means of a single-axis tracker.Results show that under constant irradiation of 750 W/m^(2),every 5 o increase in tilt angle causes a power drop of 2.09 W at indoor and 3.45 W at outdoor.In contrast,for the same condition,efficiency decreases by 0.54%for indoor case and by 0.76%at outdoor.On the other hand,for every 100 W/m^(2)increase in irradiation,solar cell temperature rises by 7.52℃at indoor and by 5.67℃at outdoor.As of module electrical parameters,open-circuit voltage,short-circuit current,maximum power point voltage and maximum power point current drops substantially with increasing tilt angle,whereas fill factor drops rather gradually.Outdoor experimental investigation confirms that the optimum tilt angle at Malaysian conditions is 15 o and orienting a PV module this angle will maximize the sun’s energy captured and thereby enhance its performance.
