The choice of this investigation is to tune the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) parameters separately for controlling the moisture content in paper industry by using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). This pape...The choice of this investigation is to tune the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) parameters separately for controlling the moisture content in paper industry by using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). This paper boon a new algorithm for PID controller tuning based particle swarm optimization. PSO algorithm has recently developed as a very powerful method for real parameter optimization. This new process is proposed to combine both the algorithms to get better optimization values. The proposed algorithm tuned the PID parameters and its performance has been compared with PID algorithm. Compared to PID algorithm technique, dynamic performance requirements such as rise time settling time and peak overshoot optimal values produced by PSO. The plant model represented by the transfer function is obtained by the system identification toolbox.展开更多
High density ZnO nanorods were grown by thermal evaporation of Zn powder at 700℃ on Si （100） and sapphire （0001） substrates at atmospheric pressure without adding any catalyst. The nanorods were characterizated i...High density ZnO nanorods were grown by thermal evaporation of Zn powder at 700℃ on Si （100） and sapphire （0001） substrates at atmospheric pressure without adding any catalyst. The nanorods were characterizated in terms of their structural and optical properties. The nanorods grown on Si have a diameter of 350-400 nm and a length of 1.2 μm while those on sapphire have a diameter of 600-800 nm and a length of 2.5 μm. During the structural characterization, it is noticed that the rods grow along the （0002） plane with perfect hexagonal facet. The room temperature photoluminescence spectrum showed a strong UV emission peak at 385 nm with a weak green band emission, which confirms that nanorods have good optical properties. It is observed that the oxygen partial pressure plays an important role to control the shape and size of the nanorods in thermal evaporation growth technique.展开更多
Hexagonally well-faceted microcrystals of ZnO have been grown by thermal evaporation of Zn powder in oxygen ambient at 700℃ under atmospheric pressure. It has been observed that the properties （size and quality） of...Hexagonally well-faceted microcrystals of ZnO have been grown by thermal evaporation of Zn powder in oxygen ambient at 700℃ under atmospheric pressure. It has been observed that the properties （size and quality） of ZnO microcrystals have a strong dependence on the reactor temperature at which the oxygen gas is admitted into the growth zone. The microcrystals grown with oxygen admittance at 450℃ have a length of 1 μm and a diameter of 0.75 μm while that grown with oxygen admittance at 600 ℃ have a length of 1.5-2 μm and a diameter of 1 μm. Room temperature photoluminescence spectra show a ultraviolet （UV） emission peak at 385 nm with a green band emission at around 500 nm. The UV-to-green band emission ratio for the microcrystals grown with oxygen admittance at 450℃ is observed to be 1.25 and the ratio decreases to 0.45 for the sample grown with oxygen admittance at 600℃.展开更多
titania nanostructures have been synthesized at room temperature by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition （PECVD） process on silicon （100） substrates using titanium tetraisopropoxide [Ti（OC3H7）4, TTIP] vapor...titania nanostructures have been synthesized at room temperature by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition （PECVD） process on silicon （100） substrates using titanium tetraisopropoxide [Ti（OC3H7）4, TTIP] vapor, argon and oxygen mixtures under various deposition pressures. The deposited titania has been characterized for its structural, morphological and chemical composition by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray （EDX） spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） spectroscopy recordings. With the variation of deposition pressure, titania assumes various nanostructures viz. nanocrystals, nanoparticles, noanorods and comb-like structure. EDX and FTIR measurements show that the deposited titania is of high chemical purity. The possible growth mechanisms for the observed titania nanostructures have been discussed.展开更多
文摘The choice of this investigation is to tune the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) parameters separately for controlling the moisture content in paper industry by using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). This paper boon a new algorithm for PID controller tuning based particle swarm optimization. PSO algorithm has recently developed as a very powerful method for real parameter optimization. This new process is proposed to combine both the algorithms to get better optimization values. The proposed algorithm tuned the PID parameters and its performance has been compared with PID algorithm. Compared to PID algorithm technique, dynamic performance requirements such as rise time settling time and peak overshoot optimal values produced by PSO. The plant model represented by the transfer function is obtained by the system identification toolbox.
基金support by CSIR through Net Work Project (NWP-25)
文摘High density ZnO nanorods were grown by thermal evaporation of Zn powder at 700℃ on Si （100） and sapphire （0001） substrates at atmospheric pressure without adding any catalyst. The nanorods were characterizated in terms of their structural and optical properties. The nanorods grown on Si have a diameter of 350-400 nm and a length of 1.2 μm while those on sapphire have a diameter of 600-800 nm and a length of 2.5 μm. During the structural characterization, it is noticed that the rods grow along the （0002） plane with perfect hexagonal facet. The room temperature photoluminescence spectrum showed a strong UV emission peak at 385 nm with a weak green band emission, which confirms that nanorods have good optical properties. It is observed that the oxygen partial pressure plays an important role to control the shape and size of the nanorods in thermal evaporation growth technique.
基金support by CSIR through Net Work Project (NWP-25)
文摘Hexagonally well-faceted microcrystals of ZnO have been grown by thermal evaporation of Zn powder in oxygen ambient at 700℃ under atmospheric pressure. It has been observed that the properties （size and quality） of ZnO microcrystals have a strong dependence on the reactor temperature at which the oxygen gas is admitted into the growth zone. The microcrystals grown with oxygen admittance at 450℃ have a length of 1 μm and a diameter of 0.75 μm while that grown with oxygen admittance at 600 ℃ have a length of 1.5-2 μm and a diameter of 1 μm. Room temperature photoluminescence spectra show a ultraviolet （UV） emission peak at 385 nm with a green band emission at around 500 nm. The UV-to-green band emission ratio for the microcrystals grown with oxygen admittance at 450℃ is observed to be 1.25 and the ratio decreases to 0.45 for the sample grown with oxygen admittance at 600℃.
基金project funded by the Department of Science & Technology (DST), Govt. of India, for which authors gratefully acknowledge the support
文摘titania nanostructures have been synthesized at room temperature by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition （PECVD） process on silicon （100） substrates using titanium tetraisopropoxide [Ti（OC3H7）4, TTIP] vapor, argon and oxygen mixtures under various deposition pressures. The deposited titania has been characterized for its structural, morphological and chemical composition by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray （EDX） spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） spectroscopy recordings. With the variation of deposition pressure, titania assumes various nanostructures viz. nanocrystals, nanoparticles, noanorods and comb-like structure. EDX and FTIR measurements show that the deposited titania is of high chemical purity. The possible growth mechanisms for the observed titania nanostructures have been discussed.
