Jordan is located in the Middle East in the eastern Mediterranean. It has a surface area of approximately 90,000 km2 and its population reaches 6.3 million. Jordan is the fourth driest countries in the World and water...Jordan is located in the Middle East in the eastern Mediterranean. It has a surface area of approximately 90,000 km2 and its population reaches 6.3 million. Jordan is the fourth driest countries in the World and water demand exceeds Jordan’s available water resources. Annual per capita water availability has declined from 3600 m3/year in 1946 to 145 m3/year today. It is estimated that the population will continue to grow from about 5.87 million in 2008 to over 7.80 million by 2022. Total projected water demand will be 1673 million cubic meters by 2022. Fifteen-year complete records for water consumption were studied to see the supply and demand variation with time. It had been noticed that water demand management will address the actual needs for water. This management program will ensure further reduction in water use, reduce water loses through the distribution supply net, prevent pollution. In addition, it will help minimize water disposal in nature, make efficient use of available water resources, plan for future new water resources prudently and finally impose a real cost for water supply that would be acceptable. In addition to the above, public awareness program is to be put in action. Such a program should be used in schools as well as the media. The public is to be aware of the problem and how they can assist with overcoming the water shortage crisis.展开更多
Water supply network losses are an international problem especially in countries suffering from water scarcity like Jordan. Jordan is one of the poorest countries in its water resources and it is estimated to be below...Water supply network losses are an international problem especially in countries suffering from water scarcity like Jordan. Jordan is one of the poorest countries in its water resources and it is estimated to be below the water poverty line. Jordan is located in the Middle East and has a surface area of approximately 90,000 km2. Its population is around 6.3 million and it is estimated that the population will be 7.8 million in 2022. The gap between water supply and demand is widening due to development and a relatively high population growth rate. In addition, global climate change is expected to intensify the water shortage problem in Jordan. Thirteen years of complete records obtained from the Ministry of Water and Irrigation were analyzed. According to these records, water losses in Jordan reach about 50%. In view of the evaluation of the data and the case study conducted in this research, it is believed that Jordan can overcome the water shortage problem by adopting a water demand management strategy. In this context, efforts should be focused on reducing water losses. If this is achieved, it will save huge quantities of water and revenue.展开更多
文摘Jordan is located in the Middle East in the eastern Mediterranean. It has a surface area of approximately 90,000 km2 and its population reaches 6.3 million. Jordan is the fourth driest countries in the World and water demand exceeds Jordan’s available water resources. Annual per capita water availability has declined from 3600 m3/year in 1946 to 145 m3/year today. It is estimated that the population will continue to grow from about 5.87 million in 2008 to over 7.80 million by 2022. Total projected water demand will be 1673 million cubic meters by 2022. Fifteen-year complete records for water consumption were studied to see the supply and demand variation with time. It had been noticed that water demand management will address the actual needs for water. This management program will ensure further reduction in water use, reduce water loses through the distribution supply net, prevent pollution. In addition, it will help minimize water disposal in nature, make efficient use of available water resources, plan for future new water resources prudently and finally impose a real cost for water supply that would be acceptable. In addition to the above, public awareness program is to be put in action. Such a program should be used in schools as well as the media. The public is to be aware of the problem and how they can assist with overcoming the water shortage crisis.
文摘Water supply network losses are an international problem especially in countries suffering from water scarcity like Jordan. Jordan is one of the poorest countries in its water resources and it is estimated to be below the water poverty line. Jordan is located in the Middle East and has a surface area of approximately 90,000 km2. Its population is around 6.3 million and it is estimated that the population will be 7.8 million in 2022. The gap between water supply and demand is widening due to development and a relatively high population growth rate. In addition, global climate change is expected to intensify the water shortage problem in Jordan. Thirteen years of complete records obtained from the Ministry of Water and Irrigation were analyzed. According to these records, water losses in Jordan reach about 50%. In view of the evaluation of the data and the case study conducted in this research, it is believed that Jordan can overcome the water shortage problem by adopting a water demand management strategy. In this context, efforts should be focused on reducing water losses. If this is achieved, it will save huge quantities of water and revenue.
