Zinc(Zn)is a crucial micronutrient for all organisms,and its deficiency can significantly hamper crop yield and quality.However,the understanding of the regulatory mechanisms involved in plant Zn signal perception and...Zinc(Zn)is a crucial micronutrient for all organisms,and its deficiency can significantly hamper crop yield and quality.However,the understanding of the regulatory mechanisms involved in plant Zn signal perception and transduction remains limited.In this study,we discovered that the Ca2+-CBL1/4/5/8/9-CIPK3/9/23/26-ZIP12 signaling module effectively responds to Zn deficiency and regulates Zn homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana.Furthermore,we determined that CIPK3/9/23/26 interact with the Zn transporter ZIP12 and phosphorylate it primarily at Ser185.This phosphorylation event was crucial for the stability of the ZIP12 protein,suggesting that it regulates the function of ZIP12 in Zn transport.Collectively,our findings identify a plasma membrane-associated calcium signaling pathway that regulates Zn homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana.This pathway represents a promising target for molecular breeding approaches aimed at developing crops with enhanced tolerance to Zn deficiency.展开更多
Wheat production requires at least-2.4%increase per year rate by 2050 globally to meet food demands.However,heat stress results in serious yield loss of wheat worldwide.Correspondingly,wheat has evolved genetic basis ...Wheat production requires at least-2.4%increase per year rate by 2050 globally to meet food demands.However,heat stress results in serious yield loss of wheat worldwide.Correspondingly,wheat has evolved genetic basis and molecular mechanisms to protect themselves from heat-induced damage.Thus,it is very urgent to understand the underlying genetic basis and molecular mechanisms responsive to elevated temperatures to provide important strategies for heat-tolerant varieties breeding.In this review,we focused on the impact of heat stress on morphology variation at adult stage in wheat breeding programs.We also summarize the recent studies of genetic and molecular factors regulating heat tolerance,including identification of heat stress tolerance related QTLs/genes,and the regulation pathway in response to heat stress.In addition,we discuss the potential ways to improve heat tolerance by developing new technologies such as genome editing.This review of wheat responses to heat stress may shed light on the understanding heat-responsive mechanisms,although the regu-latory network of heat tolerance is still ambiguous in wheat.展开更多
Interploidy hybridization between hexaploid and tetraploid genotypes occurred repeatedly during genomic introgression events throughout wheat evolution,and is commonly employed in wheat breeding programs.Hexaploid whe...Interploidy hybridization between hexaploid and tetraploid genotypes occurred repeatedly during genomic introgression events throughout wheat evolution,and is commonly employed in wheat breeding programs.Hexaploid wheat usually serves as maternal parent because the reciprocal cross generates progeny with severe defects and poor seed germination,but the underlying mechanism is poorly understood.Here,we performed detailed analysis of phenotypic variation in endosperm between two interploidy reciprocal crosses arising from tetraploid(Triticum durum,AABB)and hexaploid wheat(Triticum aestivum,AABBDD).In the paternal‐versus the maternal‐excess cross,the timing of endosperm cellularization was delayed and starch granule accumulation in the endosperm was repressed,causing reduced germination percentage.The expression profiles of genes involved in nutrient metabolism differed strongly between these endosperm types.Furthermore,expression patterns of parental alleles were dramatically disturbed in interploidy versus intraploidy crosses,leading to increased number of imprinted genes.The endosperm‐specific TaLFL2 showed a paternally imprinted expression pattern in interploidy crosses partially due to allele‐specific DNA methylation.Paternal TaLFL2 binds to and represses a nutrient accumulation regulator TaNAC019,leading to reduced storage protein and starch accumulation during endosperm development in paternal‐excess cross,as confirmed by interploidy crosses between tetraploid wild‐type and clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats(CRISPR)–CRISPR‐associated protein 9 generated hexaploid mutants.These findings reveal a contribution of genomic imprinting to paternal‐excess interploidy hybridization barriers during wheat evolution history and explains why experienced breeders preferentially exploit maternal‐excess interploidy crosses in wheat breeding programs.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32222008 and 32300235)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M732883)the Chinese Universities Scientific Fund(2452023069)。
文摘Zinc(Zn)is a crucial micronutrient for all organisms,and its deficiency can significantly hamper crop yield and quality.However,the understanding of the regulatory mechanisms involved in plant Zn signal perception and transduction remains limited.In this study,we discovered that the Ca2+-CBL1/4/5/8/9-CIPK3/9/23/26-ZIP12 signaling module effectively responds to Zn deficiency and regulates Zn homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana.Furthermore,we determined that CIPK3/9/23/26 interact with the Zn transporter ZIP12 and phosphorylate it primarily at Ser185.This phosphorylation event was crucial for the stability of the ZIP12 protein,suggesting that it regulates the function of ZIP12 in Zn transport.Collectively,our findings identify a plasma membrane-associated calcium signaling pathway that regulates Zn homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana.This pathway represents a promising target for molecular breeding approaches aimed at developing crops with enhanced tolerance to Zn deficiency.
基金Major Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(3213000343)。
文摘Wheat production requires at least-2.4%increase per year rate by 2050 globally to meet food demands.However,heat stress results in serious yield loss of wheat worldwide.Correspondingly,wheat has evolved genetic basis and molecular mechanisms to protect themselves from heat-induced damage.Thus,it is very urgent to understand the underlying genetic basis and molecular mechanisms responsive to elevated temperatures to provide important strategies for heat-tolerant varieties breeding.In this review,we focused on the impact of heat stress on morphology variation at adult stage in wheat breeding programs.We also summarize the recent studies of genetic and molecular factors regulating heat tolerance,including identification of heat stress tolerance related QTLs/genes,and the regulation pathway in response to heat stress.In addition,we discuss the potential ways to improve heat tolerance by developing new technologies such as genome editing.This review of wheat responses to heat stress may shed light on the understanding heat-responsive mechanisms,although the regu-latory network of heat tolerance is still ambiguous in wheat.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science of China(31471479)the Chinese Universities Scientific Fund(2017TC035).
文摘Interploidy hybridization between hexaploid and tetraploid genotypes occurred repeatedly during genomic introgression events throughout wheat evolution,and is commonly employed in wheat breeding programs.Hexaploid wheat usually serves as maternal parent because the reciprocal cross generates progeny with severe defects and poor seed germination,but the underlying mechanism is poorly understood.Here,we performed detailed analysis of phenotypic variation in endosperm between two interploidy reciprocal crosses arising from tetraploid(Triticum durum,AABB)and hexaploid wheat(Triticum aestivum,AABBDD).In the paternal‐versus the maternal‐excess cross,the timing of endosperm cellularization was delayed and starch granule accumulation in the endosperm was repressed,causing reduced germination percentage.The expression profiles of genes involved in nutrient metabolism differed strongly between these endosperm types.Furthermore,expression patterns of parental alleles were dramatically disturbed in interploidy versus intraploidy crosses,leading to increased number of imprinted genes.The endosperm‐specific TaLFL2 showed a paternally imprinted expression pattern in interploidy crosses partially due to allele‐specific DNA methylation.Paternal TaLFL2 binds to and represses a nutrient accumulation regulator TaNAC019,leading to reduced storage protein and starch accumulation during endosperm development in paternal‐excess cross,as confirmed by interploidy crosses between tetraploid wild‐type and clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats(CRISPR)–CRISPR‐associated protein 9 generated hexaploid mutants.These findings reveal a contribution of genomic imprinting to paternal‐excess interploidy hybridization barriers during wheat evolution history and explains why experienced breeders preferentially exploit maternal‐excess interploidy crosses in wheat breeding programs.
