A convenient method for methane(CH_(4))direct conversion to methanol(CH_(3)OH)is of great significance to use methane-rich resources,especially clathrates and stranded shale gas resources located in remote regions.The...A convenient method for methane(CH_(4))direct conversion to methanol(CH_(3)OH)is of great significance to use methane-rich resources,especially clathrates and stranded shale gas resources located in remote regions.Theoretically,the activation of CH_(4) and the selectivity to the CH_(3)OH product are challenging due to the extreme stability of CH_(4) and relatively high reactivity of CH_(3)OH.The state-of-the-art‘methane reforming-methanol synthesis’process adopts a two-step strategy to avoid the further reaction of CH_(3)OH under the harsh conditions required for CH_(4) activation.In the electrochemical field,researchers are trying to develop conversion pathways under mild conditions.They have found suitable catalysts to activate the C–H bonds in methane with the help of external charge and have designed the electrode reactions to continuously generate certain active oxygen species.These active oxygen species attack the activated methane and convert it to CH_(3)OH,with the benefit of avoiding over-oxidation of CH_(3)OH,and thus obtain a high conversion efficiency of CH_(4) to CH_(3)OH.This mini-review focuses on the advantages and challenges of electrochemical conversion of CH4 to CH_(3)OH,especially the strategies for supplying electro-generated active oxygen species in-situ to react with the activated methane.展开更多
Hydrogel microparticles have been proved to be curative to diabetic wounds.Current trends focus on the integration of bioactive matrix and their smart stimulus-responsive release to meet the complex demand of regenera...Hydrogel microparticles have been proved to be curative to diabetic wounds.Current trends focus on the integration of bioactive matrix and their smart stimulus-responsive release to meet the complex demand of regeneration in diabetic wound.In this paper,we present novel stem cell exosome-encapsulated Chinese herb glycyrrhizic acid(GA)hydrogel microparticles for wound healing.The integrated GA endows the hydrogel microparticles with antibacterial properties,while the encapsulated exosomes impart them with pro-angiogenesis ability.In addition,as the black phosphorus is incorporated into these hybrid hydrogel microparticles,the release profile of GA and exosomes could be controllable under near-infrared irradiation due to the excellent photothermal effect of black phosphorus and the reversible phase transformation properties of GA.Based on these features,we have demonstrated that these microparticles can effectively kill bacteria,scavenge free radical,and promote angiogenesis from in vitro experiments.Besides,they could also markedly accelerate the wound healing process by down-regulating inflammation and promoting collagen deposition and angiogenesis in bacteria-infected in vivo diabetic wound.These results indicate that the proposed exosome-integrated GA hydrogel microparticles present great potential for clinical diabetic wound treatment.展开更多
基金support from National Science Foundation of China(No.22075012).
文摘A convenient method for methane(CH_(4))direct conversion to methanol(CH_(3)OH)is of great significance to use methane-rich resources,especially clathrates and stranded shale gas resources located in remote regions.Theoretically,the activation of CH_(4) and the selectivity to the CH_(3)OH product are challenging due to the extreme stability of CH_(4) and relatively high reactivity of CH_(3)OH.The state-of-the-art‘methane reforming-methanol synthesis’process adopts a two-step strategy to avoid the further reaction of CH_(3)OH under the harsh conditions required for CH_(4) activation.In the electrochemical field,researchers are trying to develop conversion pathways under mild conditions.They have found suitable catalysts to activate the C–H bonds in methane with the help of external charge and have designed the electrode reactions to continuously generate certain active oxygen species.These active oxygen species attack the activated methane and convert it to CH_(3)OH,with the benefit of avoiding over-oxidation of CH_(3)OH,and thus obtain a high conversion efficiency of CH_(4) to CH_(3)OH.This mini-review focuses on the advantages and challenges of electrochemical conversion of CH4 to CH_(3)OH,especially the strategies for supplying electro-generated active oxygen species in-situ to react with the activated methane.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFA1105300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52073060)+4 种基金the Nanjing Medical Science and Technique Development Foundation(ZKX21019)the Clinical Trials from Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital(2022-LCYJ-ZD-01)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2021B1515120054)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(JCYJ20210324133214038)Joint Fund of Henan Province Science and Technology R&D Program(project no.225200810021).
文摘Hydrogel microparticles have been proved to be curative to diabetic wounds.Current trends focus on the integration of bioactive matrix and their smart stimulus-responsive release to meet the complex demand of regeneration in diabetic wound.In this paper,we present novel stem cell exosome-encapsulated Chinese herb glycyrrhizic acid(GA)hydrogel microparticles for wound healing.The integrated GA endows the hydrogel microparticles with antibacterial properties,while the encapsulated exosomes impart them with pro-angiogenesis ability.In addition,as the black phosphorus is incorporated into these hybrid hydrogel microparticles,the release profile of GA and exosomes could be controllable under near-infrared irradiation due to the excellent photothermal effect of black phosphorus and the reversible phase transformation properties of GA.Based on these features,we have demonstrated that these microparticles can effectively kill bacteria,scavenge free radical,and promote angiogenesis from in vitro experiments.Besides,they could also markedly accelerate the wound healing process by down-regulating inflammation and promoting collagen deposition and angiogenesis in bacteria-infected in vivo diabetic wound.These results indicate that the proposed exosome-integrated GA hydrogel microparticles present great potential for clinical diabetic wound treatment.
