The Chinese dwarf cherry（Cerasus humilis（Bge.） Sok.） is a small shrub with edible fruits. It is native to northern and western China. This species was included as a medicinal plant in the ‘‘Chinese Pharmacopeia...The Chinese dwarf cherry（Cerasus humilis（Bge.） Sok.） is a small shrub with edible fruits. It is native to northern and western China. This species was included as a medicinal plant in the ‘‘Chinese Pharmacopeia’’ and has emerged as an economically important crop for fresh fruit consumption, processing into juice and wine and nutraceutical products as well. To gain a better understanding of flavonoid biosynthesis and help develop value added products and better cultivars with greater health benefits, we analyzed total flavonoid content（TFC）, composition, and radical scavenging activities in fruit extracts of 16 Chinese dwarf cherry genotypes. Fruit peel TFC ranged from 33.5 to72.8 mg/g REáFW（RE： rutin equivalent, FW： fresh weight）while fruit flesh TFC ranged from 4.3 to 16.9 mg/g REáFW.An HPLC analysis revealed that fruit extracts contained 14 flavonoids with considerable variation in their profiles across genotypes. The most abundant flavonoids in most genotypes were proanthocyanidin B1（PA-B1）, proanthocyanidin B2（PA-B2）, phloretin 20-O-glucoside（PG）, and phloretin 20,40-O-diglucoside（PDG）. Principal component analysis showed that PG, PA-B1, and PA-B2 had large,positive factor loading values in the first principal component for each genotype. Increased scavenging activity of2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl（DPPH） radicals was apparent in genotypes ‘Nongda 4’, ‘Nongda 3’, ‘Nongda 6’,‘Wenfenli’, and ’10-32’, suggesting promising applications in the production of nutraceutical products. In summary, our results will aid in breeding, fruit processing, and developing medicinal uses of the Chinese dwarf cherry.展开更多
The mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)cascade is crucial to plant growth,development,and stress responses.MAPK kinases(MAPKK)play a vital role in linking upstream MAPKK kinases(MAPKKK)with the downstream MAPK.Blac...The mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)cascade is crucial to plant growth,development,and stress responses.MAPK kinases(MAPKK)play a vital role in linking upstream MAPKK kinases(MAPKKK)with the downstream MAPK.Black spot is one of the most serious fungal diseases of pear which is an important part of the fruit industry in China.The MAPKK genes have been identified in many plants,however,none has been reported in pear(Pyrus bretschneideri).In order to explore whether MAPK gene of pear is related to black spot disease,we designed this experiment.The present study investigated eight putative PbrMAPKK genes obtained from the Chinese white pear genome.The phylogenetic analysis revealed that PbrMAPKK genes were divided into A,B,C,and D groups.These PbrMAPKK genes are randomly distributed on 7 out of 17 chromosomes and mainly originated from the whole-genome duplication(WGD)event.The expression analysis of PbrMAPKK genes in seven pear tissues and the leaves of susceptible and resistant varieties after Alternaria alternata infection by quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR)identified seven candidate genes associated with resistance.Furthermore,virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS)indicated that PbrMAPKK6 gene enhanced resistance to pear black spot disease in pear.展开更多
Putrescine plays a role in superficial scald development during the cold storage of pear fruit.However,the molecular mechanism behind this phenomenon has not been un-fully clarified until recently.In this study,a conj...Putrescine plays a role in superficial scald development during the cold storage of pear fruit.However,the molecular mechanism behind this phenomenon has not been un-fully clarified until recently.In this study,a conjoint analysis of metabolites and gene expression profiles in the putrescine-metabolic pathway of P.bretschneideri Rehd.fruit followed by experimental validation revealed that PbrADC1,forming a homodimer in the chloroplast,was involved in putrescine biosynthesis and thus fruit chilling resistance.Additionally,the substrate-binding residue Cys^(546)in PbrADC1,whose activity was modified by H_(2)O_(2),played a crucial role in arginine decarboxylation into agmatine.Through a combined analysis of the distribution of cis-acting elements in the PbrADC1 promoter as well as the expression profiles of related transcription factors(TFs),several TFs were identified as upstream regulators of PbrADC1 gene.Further investigation revealed that the nuclear PbrWRKY62 could directly bind to the W-box elements in the PbrADC1 promoter,activate its expression,enhance putrescine accumulation,and thus increase fruit chilling tolerance.In conclusion,our results suggest that the PbrWRKY62-PbrADC1 module is involved in the development of superficial scald in P.bretschneideri Rehd.fruit via regulating putrescine biosynthesis.Consequently,these findings could serve as valuable genetic resources for breeding scald-resistant pear fruit.展开更多
基金financially supported by the Major Subject of Shanxi Science and Technology Research(Grant No.20121101010)the Platform Construction of Science and Technology of Shanxi Province(Grant No.2013091004-0101)the Doctoral Research Fund of Shanxi Agriculture University(Grant No.2015ZZ19)
文摘The Chinese dwarf cherry（Cerasus humilis（Bge.） Sok.） is a small shrub with edible fruits. It is native to northern and western China. This species was included as a medicinal plant in the ‘‘Chinese Pharmacopeia’’ and has emerged as an economically important crop for fresh fruit consumption, processing into juice and wine and nutraceutical products as well. To gain a better understanding of flavonoid biosynthesis and help develop value added products and better cultivars with greater health benefits, we analyzed total flavonoid content（TFC）, composition, and radical scavenging activities in fruit extracts of 16 Chinese dwarf cherry genotypes. Fruit peel TFC ranged from 33.5 to72.8 mg/g REáFW（RE： rutin equivalent, FW： fresh weight）while fruit flesh TFC ranged from 4.3 to 16.9 mg/g REáFW.An HPLC analysis revealed that fruit extracts contained 14 flavonoids with considerable variation in their profiles across genotypes. The most abundant flavonoids in most genotypes were proanthocyanidin B1（PA-B1）, proanthocyanidin B2（PA-B2）, phloretin 20-O-glucoside（PG）, and phloretin 20,40-O-diglucoside（PDG）. Principal component analysis showed that PG, PA-B1, and PA-B2 had large,positive factor loading values in the first principal component for each genotype. Increased scavenging activity of2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl（DPPH） radicals was apparent in genotypes ‘Nongda 4’, ‘Nongda 3’, ‘Nongda 6’,‘Wenfenli’, and ’10-32’, suggesting promising applications in the production of nutraceutical products. In summary, our results will aid in breeding, fruit processing, and developing medicinal uses of the Chinese dwarf cherry.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFD1200503)Jiangsu Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation Fund[Grant Nos.SCX(22)3215],Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.JCQY201901)the Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(Grant No.CARS-28).
文摘The mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)cascade is crucial to plant growth,development,and stress responses.MAPK kinases(MAPKK)play a vital role in linking upstream MAPKK kinases(MAPKKK)with the downstream MAPK.Black spot is one of the most serious fungal diseases of pear which is an important part of the fruit industry in China.The MAPKK genes have been identified in many plants,however,none has been reported in pear(Pyrus bretschneideri).In order to explore whether MAPK gene of pear is related to black spot disease,we designed this experiment.The present study investigated eight putative PbrMAPKK genes obtained from the Chinese white pear genome.The phylogenetic analysis revealed that PbrMAPKK genes were divided into A,B,C,and D groups.These PbrMAPKK genes are randomly distributed on 7 out of 17 chromosomes and mainly originated from the whole-genome duplication(WGD)event.The expression analysis of PbrMAPKK genes in seven pear tissues and the leaves of susceptible and resistant varieties after Alternaria alternata infection by quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR)identified seven candidate genes associated with resistance.Furthermore,virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS)indicated that PbrMAPKK6 gene enhanced resistance to pear black spot disease in pear.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32302615,31872070,31830081&31701868)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi(2022JJA130045)+5 种基金the Municipal Science and Technology Project of Alar(Xinjiang)in 2022(2022XX5)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(JCQY201901)the Seed Industry Promotion Project of Jiangsu(JBGS(2021)022)the Guidance Foundation of the Hainan Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University(NAUSYMS08)the Jiangsu Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation Fund(CX(22)2025)the Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,and the Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-28).
文摘Putrescine plays a role in superficial scald development during the cold storage of pear fruit.However,the molecular mechanism behind this phenomenon has not been un-fully clarified until recently.In this study,a conjoint analysis of metabolites and gene expression profiles in the putrescine-metabolic pathway of P.bretschneideri Rehd.fruit followed by experimental validation revealed that PbrADC1,forming a homodimer in the chloroplast,was involved in putrescine biosynthesis and thus fruit chilling resistance.Additionally,the substrate-binding residue Cys^(546)in PbrADC1,whose activity was modified by H_(2)O_(2),played a crucial role in arginine decarboxylation into agmatine.Through a combined analysis of the distribution of cis-acting elements in the PbrADC1 promoter as well as the expression profiles of related transcription factors(TFs),several TFs were identified as upstream regulators of PbrADC1 gene.Further investigation revealed that the nuclear PbrWRKY62 could directly bind to the W-box elements in the PbrADC1 promoter,activate its expression,enhance putrescine accumulation,and thus increase fruit chilling tolerance.In conclusion,our results suggest that the PbrWRKY62-PbrADC1 module is involved in the development of superficial scald in P.bretschneideri Rehd.fruit via regulating putrescine biosynthesis.Consequently,these findings could serve as valuable genetic resources for breeding scald-resistant pear fruit.
