conjugate vaccine(PCV13)has reduced vaccine-type carriage rates,though regarding serotype replacement remain.Methods:This study conducted a 2-year prospective cohort study(February 2023–February 2025)in Suqian,Jiangs...conjugate vaccine(PCV13)has reduced vaccine-type carriage rates,though regarding serotype replacement remain.Methods:This study conducted a 2-year prospective cohort study(February 2023–February 2025)in Suqian,Jiangsu Province,enrolling 2-month-old infants and monitoring for acute respiratory infections(ARIs).Pharyngeal swabs collected during ARIs were analyzed using targeted next-generation sequencing(tNGS)to identify respiratory pathogens,and Streptococcus pneumoniae(S.pneumoniae)-positive samples were serotyped using multiplex PCR.Risk ratios(RRs)for S.pneumoniae detection were estimated using Poisson regression,with sensitivity analysis performed using inverse probability of treatment weighting(IPTW).Results:Among 579 children,1,527 swabs were collected,yielding an overall S.pneumoniae detection incidence of 35.2%.Vaccinated children receiving 3–4 PCV13 doses demonstrated significantly lower detection rates than unvaccinated children[23.1%vs.40.2%;adjusted RR=0.70;95%confidence interval(CI):0.50,0.98;P=0.036].IPTW analysis confirmed these findings.Non-vaccine serotypes predominated,particularly the 10A and 15A/15F strains.Conclusion:PCV13 vaccination was associated with reduced S.pneumoniae detection among children with ARIs,despite dominance of non-vaccine serotypes.Our findings emphasize the importance of ongoing surveillance for S.pneumoniae and highlight the need to expand the serotype coverage of pneumococcal vaccines.展开更多
Dear Editor,Mpox(formerly known as monkeypox)is a zoonotic disease caused by infection with the monkeypox virus(MPXV).Mpox cases have been sporadic over the past few decades,with outbreaks occurring in only a limited ...Dear Editor,Mpox(formerly known as monkeypox)is a zoonotic disease caused by infection with the monkeypox virus(MPXV).Mpox cases have been sporadic over the past few decades,with outbreaks occurring in only a limited number of countries,primarily as a result of imported cases(El Eid et al.,2022;Tan and Gao,2022).展开更多
The global spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)requires an urgent need to find effective therapeutics for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).In this study,we developed...The global spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)requires an urgent need to find effective therapeutics for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).In this study,we developed an integrative drug repositioning framework,which fully takes advantage of machine learning and statistical analysis approaches to systematically integrate and mine large-scale knowledge graph,literature and transcriptome data to discover the potential drug candidates against SARS-CoV-2.Our in silico screening followed by wet-lab validation indicated that a poly-ADP-ribose polymerase 1(PARP1)inhibitor,CVL218,currently in Phase I clinical trial,may be repurposed to treat COVID-19.Our in vitro assays revealed that CVL218 can exhibit effective inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2 replication without obvious cytopathic effect.In addition,we showed that CVL218 can interact with the nucleocapsid(N)protein of SARS-CoV-2 and is able to suppress the LPS-induced production of several inflammatory cytokines that are highly relevant to the prevention of immunopathology induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection.展开更多
To the Editor:Severe_acute_respiratory,syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)is the virus causing coronavirus disease2019(COVID-19).[1]As anewevolutionary branch within coronaviruses,SARS-CoV-2 contains around 29.8 kiloba...To the Editor:Severe_acute_respiratory,syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)is the virus causing coronavirus disease2019(COVID-19).[1]As anewevolutionary branch within coronaviruses,SARS-CoV-2 contains around 29.8 kilobase and shows 79.2%identity with SARS-CoV-1.展开更多
基金Supported by Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Jiangsu Province(grant number:BK20220064).
文摘conjugate vaccine(PCV13)has reduced vaccine-type carriage rates,though regarding serotype replacement remain.Methods:This study conducted a 2-year prospective cohort study(February 2023–February 2025)in Suqian,Jiangsu Province,enrolling 2-month-old infants and monitoring for acute respiratory infections(ARIs).Pharyngeal swabs collected during ARIs were analyzed using targeted next-generation sequencing(tNGS)to identify respiratory pathogens,and Streptococcus pneumoniae(S.pneumoniae)-positive samples were serotyped using multiplex PCR.Risk ratios(RRs)for S.pneumoniae detection were estimated using Poisson regression,with sensitivity analysis performed using inverse probability of treatment weighting(IPTW).Results:Among 579 children,1,527 swabs were collected,yielding an overall S.pneumoniae detection incidence of 35.2%.Vaccinated children receiving 3–4 PCV13 doses demonstrated significantly lower detection rates than unvaccinated children[23.1%vs.40.2%;adjusted RR=0.70;95%confidence interval(CI):0.50,0.98;P=0.036].IPTW analysis confirmed these findings.Non-vaccine serotypes predominated,particularly the 10A and 15A/15F strains.Conclusion:PCV13 vaccination was associated with reduced S.pneumoniae detection among children with ARIs,despite dominance of non-vaccine serotypes.Our findings emphasize the importance of ongoing surveillance for S.pneumoniae and highlight the need to expand the serotype coverage of pneumococcal vaccines.
基金supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFC2303401, 2021YFA1201003, 2021YFC2301605, 2022YFC2304100, 2022YFC2304101, 2022YFC0869900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82241066)。
文摘Dear Editor,Mpox(formerly known as monkeypox)is a zoonotic disease caused by infection with the monkeypox virus(MPXV).Mpox cases have been sporadic over the past few decades,with outbreaks occurring in only a limited number of countries,primarily as a result of imported cases(El Eid et al.,2022;Tan and Gao,2022).
基金This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61872216,81630103,31900862,31725014)Jiangsu Provincial Emergency Project on Prevention and Control of COVID-19 Epidemic(BE2020601)+2 种基金the Nation Science and Technology Major Projects for Major New Drugs Innovation and Development(2018ZX09711003-004-002,2019ZX09301010)Pudong New Area Science and Technology Development Foundation(PKX2019-S08)the Turing Al Institute of Nanjing,and the Zhongguancun Haihua Institute for Frontier Information Technology.
文摘The global spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)requires an urgent need to find effective therapeutics for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).In this study,we developed an integrative drug repositioning framework,which fully takes advantage of machine learning and statistical analysis approaches to systematically integrate and mine large-scale knowledge graph,literature and transcriptome data to discover the potential drug candidates against SARS-CoV-2.Our in silico screening followed by wet-lab validation indicated that a poly-ADP-ribose polymerase 1(PARP1)inhibitor,CVL218,currently in Phase I clinical trial,may be repurposed to treat COVID-19.Our in vitro assays revealed that CVL218 can exhibit effective inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2 replication without obvious cytopathic effect.In addition,we showed that CVL218 can interact with the nucleocapsid(N)protein of SARS-CoV-2 and is able to suppress the LPS-induced production of several inflammatory cytokines that are highly relevant to the prevention of immunopathology induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection.
文摘To the Editor:Severe_acute_respiratory,syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)is the virus causing coronavirus disease2019(COVID-19).[1]As anewevolutionary branch within coronaviruses,SARS-CoV-2 contains around 29.8 kilobase and shows 79.2%identity with SARS-CoV-1.
