Nervous necrosis virus(NNV)is the etiological agent of viral encephalopathy and retinopathy in many fish species,includ-ing European sea bass(Dicentrachus labrax)and is of great economic losses to fish farmers.To solv...Nervous necrosis virus(NNV)is the etiological agent of viral encephalopathy and retinopathy in many fish species,includ-ing European sea bass(Dicentrachus labrax)and is of great economic losses to fish farmers.To solve this problem in fish production,antimicrobial peptides(AMPs)have been identified as potential candidates for NNV treatment in aquaculture.Hepcidin(Hamp)is one of the most promising AMPs.Thus,we aimed to evaluate the therapeutic application of Hamp synthetic peptide after NNV challenge.Hamp was able to significantly increase survival rates and ameliorate clinical signs of the disease,though the viral levels,determined by viral replication and immunolocalization,were not affected.Synthetic Hamp increased the immunoglobulin M(IgM)and AMP protein levels in serum and some tissues respect to the levels found in NNV-infected fish.However,Hamp peptide decreased the NNV-induced bactericidal activity.At the gene level,Hamp exerted anti-inflammatory properties,reducing the pro-inflammatory response orchestrated by NNV,probably preventing neuronal damage.Apart from this,Hamp up-regulated the expression of adhesion molecules that facilitated the recruitment of immune cells,namely T helper and B cells,probably to orchestrate the adaptive response.To conclude,Hamp immu-nomodulatory properties and therapeutic application against NNV are very promising for its use in aquaculture.展开更多
Long chain sulfated polysaccharides such as fucoidans are promising feed additives to improve animal health and welfare.Thus,based on in vitro and in vivo assays,our study evaluated the bioactive properties of fucoida...Long chain sulfated polysaccharides such as fucoidans are promising feed additives to improve animal health and welfare.Thus,based on in vitro and in vivo assays,our study evaluated the bioactive properties of fucoidan from sugar kelp(Saccharina latissima)on Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar).Data showed that salmon head kidney(SHK-1)cells increased their viability after 72 h post-incubation(hpi)with fucoidan at 500μg mL^(-1),while an upregulation of antioxidant biomarkers(i.e.,sod or prx2)was detected at 6,24 or 24 hpi with fucoidan at 100μg mL^(-1).Furthermore,after a 5-week fish experiment with supplemented diets containing MacroGard®or fucoidan at 0.2%(MG and F2,respectively),primary cultures from head kidney leukocytes(HKLs)of pre-smolts Atlantic salmon had an increased production of TNF-α and HSP70 at 6 hpi with proteins from Aeromonas salmonicida.In contrast,HKLs from fish fed fucoidan at 0.4%(F4)increased IL-10 after 24 hpi with bacterial proteins.Regarding intestinal features,the dietary supplementation with fucoidan led to a higher relative abundance of Bacillus sp.,whereas F2 group upregulated gata3 and pathways associated with lymph vessel development,chemotaxis,wound healing and cell migration(among others).This was also linked to increased levels of MHC Ⅱ and CD3 in the gut,as well as with chaperones and proteins related to DNA repair,but with a lower abundance of transporters.Overall,these findings suggest that dietary fucoidan(depending on its inclusion level)can modulate salmon immunity and gut microbiota,supporting the further exploitation of this compound in health-promoting functional feeds.展开更多
基金funded by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación,AgenciaEstatal de Investigación(MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033,grants PID2019-105522GB-I00 and PID2022-139492NB-I00 to A.C.and PRE2020-093771 to L.C.)Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad,Agencia Estatal de Inves-tigación and FEDER(MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033,grant RTI2018-096625-BC33 to E.C.P.and M.A.)+1 种基金the European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR,MCIN/AEI10.13039/501100011033Fundación Séneca(ThinkInAzulprogramme:PRTR-C17.I1).
文摘Nervous necrosis virus(NNV)is the etiological agent of viral encephalopathy and retinopathy in many fish species,includ-ing European sea bass(Dicentrachus labrax)and is of great economic losses to fish farmers.To solve this problem in fish production,antimicrobial peptides(AMPs)have been identified as potential candidates for NNV treatment in aquaculture.Hepcidin(Hamp)is one of the most promising AMPs.Thus,we aimed to evaluate the therapeutic application of Hamp synthetic peptide after NNV challenge.Hamp was able to significantly increase survival rates and ameliorate clinical signs of the disease,though the viral levels,determined by viral replication and immunolocalization,were not affected.Synthetic Hamp increased the immunoglobulin M(IgM)and AMP protein levels in serum and some tissues respect to the levels found in NNV-infected fish.However,Hamp peptide decreased the NNV-induced bactericidal activity.At the gene level,Hamp exerted anti-inflammatory properties,reducing the pro-inflammatory response orchestrated by NNV,probably preventing neuronal damage.Apart from this,Hamp up-regulated the expression of adhesion molecules that facilitated the recruitment of immune cells,namely T helper and B cells,probably to orchestrate the adaptive response.To conclude,Hamp immu-nomodulatory properties and therapeutic application against NNV are very promising for its use in aquaculture.
基金funded by the Research Council of Norway through Foods of Norway(Centre for Research-based Innovation,RCN 237841/030)the Trained Immunity and Nutritional Programming for Resilient Salmon Project(RCN 294821)+1 种基金In addition,LM was funded by the National Fund for Scientific and Technological Development(Fon-decyt 1231206)from the Chilean Research and Development Agency(ANID-Chile)whereas PK received an International Travel Grant from the Norwegian University of Life Sciences(NMBU)for mobility to the National University of Singapore.
文摘Long chain sulfated polysaccharides such as fucoidans are promising feed additives to improve animal health and welfare.Thus,based on in vitro and in vivo assays,our study evaluated the bioactive properties of fucoidan from sugar kelp(Saccharina latissima)on Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar).Data showed that salmon head kidney(SHK-1)cells increased their viability after 72 h post-incubation(hpi)with fucoidan at 500μg mL^(-1),while an upregulation of antioxidant biomarkers(i.e.,sod or prx2)was detected at 6,24 or 24 hpi with fucoidan at 100μg mL^(-1).Furthermore,after a 5-week fish experiment with supplemented diets containing MacroGard®or fucoidan at 0.2%(MG and F2,respectively),primary cultures from head kidney leukocytes(HKLs)of pre-smolts Atlantic salmon had an increased production of TNF-α and HSP70 at 6 hpi with proteins from Aeromonas salmonicida.In contrast,HKLs from fish fed fucoidan at 0.4%(F4)increased IL-10 after 24 hpi with bacterial proteins.Regarding intestinal features,the dietary supplementation with fucoidan led to a higher relative abundance of Bacillus sp.,whereas F2 group upregulated gata3 and pathways associated with lymph vessel development,chemotaxis,wound healing and cell migration(among others).This was also linked to increased levels of MHC Ⅱ and CD3 in the gut,as well as with chaperones and proteins related to DNA repair,but with a lower abundance of transporters.Overall,these findings suggest that dietary fucoidan(depending on its inclusion level)can modulate salmon immunity and gut microbiota,supporting the further exploitation of this compound in health-promoting functional feeds.
