利用多源观测资料及ERA5(ECMWF reanalysis version 5)再分析资料,从气候统计、天气分析及物理量诊断等角度,分析2023年8月2—4日黑龙江省东南部一次极端强降水过程。高空持续辐散、副热带高压和东北北部冷涡稳定少动、西南低空急流持...利用多源观测资料及ERA5(ECMWF reanalysis version 5)再分析资料,从气候统计、天气分析及物理量诊断等角度,分析2023年8月2—4日黑龙江省东南部一次极端强降水过程。高空持续辐散、副热带高压和东北北部冷涡稳定少动、西南低空急流持续水汽输送等有利条件是此次强降水过程持续时间较长的主要原因。该过程可分为两个阶段:第1阶段,经向水汽净收入层和大气饱和层深厚,大气层结为弱对流不稳定;中层受西北气流控制,低层西南急流发展、伴随弱低涡东移,形成水平风速辐合及系统性上升运动,产生大范围持续性降水;该阶段以层积混合云为主,降水效率高,个别时段伴有列车效应,造成极端小时降水量及较大累积降水量。第2阶段,经向水汽净收入集中在对流层低层,且中心强度较大,对流层低层暖湿、饱和,中高层干冷,大气具有较强对流不稳定;在中层槽和低层暖式切变的系统性抬升以及地形辐合抬升的共同作用下,局地有积云发展,引发短时强降水,降水强度分布不均。展开更多
Background Liver cancer is the sixth most prevalent cancer globally and the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality,with more than three-quarters of a million deaths.This has presented a significant challenge ...Background Liver cancer is the sixth most prevalent cancer globally and the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality,with more than three-quarters of a million deaths.This has presented a significant challenge and imposed considerable strain on global public health systems.Therefore,evaluating the updated global burden of liver cancer and its recent trends in incidence and mortality is highly important,as it provides valuable insights for shaping public health policies and improving clinical practices.Methods The data in our article were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021(GBD 2021),which is available at https://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-results/.In this study,liver cancer mortality and incidence were estimated via the cause of death ensemble(CODEm)model for every combination of sex,age,location,and year.The incidence was modelled with DisMod-MR 2.1,a Bayesian meta-regression tool.A linear regression model was employed to explore the temporal trend of these rates,formulated as y=α+βx+ε,where x represents the calendar year and y signifies the natural logarithm of the rate.For both incidence and mortality,the estimated annual percentage change(EAPC)was computed via the formula 100×(e^(β)−1),accompanied by a 95%confidence interval(CI).Results First,529,000 cases were newly diagnosed,with an age-standardized incidence rate(ASIR)of 6.15 per 100,000 people.In terms of etiology,the incidence of liver cancer caused by metabolic factors has tended to increase.Additionally,the incidence of liver cancer was greater in males and older populations.Several specific regions presented liver cancer burdens that overwhelmingly surpassed the expected age-standardized rates(ASRs)each year from 1990 to 2021,regardless of their respective sociodemographic index(SDI)scores.Conclusion Our findings reveal that liver cancer continues to pose a significant public health challenge.These findings suggest that targeted interventions are needed to address both the infectious and non-infectious drivers of liver cancer in different socioeconomic settings.Hence,continued efforts in prevention through vaccination,antiviral therapies,and strategies to combat metabolic diseases are crucial for reducing the global burden of liver cancer in the coming decades.展开更多
Weed control is one of the major constraint factors in crop production around the world. Field experiments were conducted during 2008-2009 under intercropping systems involving alfalfa （Medicago sativa L.）, sweet po...Weed control is one of the major constraint factors in crop production around the world. Field experiments were conducted during 2008-2009 under intercropping systems involving alfalfa （Medicago sativa L.）, sweet potato （lpomoea batatas [L.] Lain.）, peanut （Arachis hypogaea L.）, and sunflower （Helianthus annuus L.） in maize （Zea mays L.） without any weeds control methods taken. The results demonstrate that maizellsunflower is most effective on weed suppression and that it also has a more competitively inhibitory effect on Xanthium compared with the other patterns by evaluating the Xanthium density and dry weight under different intercropping systems with maize. Maizellpeanut, maizellalfalfa and maizel]sweet potato intercrops have no apparent inhibitory effect on weeds. To further investigate the effect of maize]lsunflower on weed control, indoor pot experiments were conducted by determining the effect of extractions on germination rate （GR）, root vigor, MDA （malondialdehyde）, SOD （superoxide dismutase） and POD （peroxidase） content of Xanthium. The results better prove that maizellsunflower extractions have more significant inhibitory effect on GR and young root vigor of Xanthium than maize monocrop extractions.展开更多
Acute kidney injury(AKI),a life-threatening side effect of cisplatin therapy,significantly limits the drug's therapeutic potential.In this study,we conducted a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screen in human rena...Acute kidney injury(AKI),a life-threatening side effect of cisplatin therapy,significantly limits the drug's therapeutic potential.In this study,we conducted a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screen in human renal tubular epithelial cells,integrating the results with transcriptome analyses and the Connectivity Map(CMap)database.Apilimod and elacridar emerged as the top two candidates of mitigating cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity,with apilimod demonstrating superior efficacy in drug matrix experiments.Apilimod reduced cisplatininduced apoptosis,inflammation and reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation.Transcriptome analyses suggested that apilimod may protect against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity via modulating lipid metabolism.In vitro experiments revealed that apilimod significantly ameliorated cisplatin-induced lipotoxicity by enhancing lipid clearance and upregulating PGC1α-mediated fatty acid oxidation.Mechanism experiments showed that apilimod induces the nuclear translocation of TFEB through the inhibition of its target,PIKfyve,thereby enhancing PGC1αexpression and ameliorating lipotoxicity.These protective effects of apilimod were simulated by si RNA-mediated PIKfyve knockdown and diminished by the PGC1αinhibitor SR-18292 and si RNA targeting TFEB,confirming the role of the PIKfyve/TFEB/PGC1αsignaling axis in apilimod's renoprotective effects.In vivo,apilimod alleviated apoptosis,inflammation,and lipid accumulation in a cisplatininduced AKI mouse model.Additionally,apilimod treatment did not compromise the antitumor effect of cisplatin in cancer cells or tumorbearing mice.Overall,our study suggests that apilimod could be a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of cisplatin-induced AKI and revealed its underlying molecular mechanism.展开更多
Vaccines are one of the biggest successes in modern history and are particularly important in light of the multiple ongoing epidemics.Recently,vaccines have protected peoples’health and lives around the world during ...Vaccines are one of the biggest successes in modern history and are particularly important in light of the multiple ongoing epidemics.Recently,vaccines have protected peoples’health and lives around the world during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.Different types of vaccines have their own characteristics and advantages and are used in the context of different epidemics.Responses to vaccination are also different,and can include adverse reactions and absent responses.These individual differences are thought to be influenced by host genes.In this review,we first discuss vaccine types and characteristics.Second,we discuss different responses to vaccination,primarily focusing on the association between genetic variation and inter-individual differences.展开更多
文摘利用多源观测资料及ERA5(ECMWF reanalysis version 5)再分析资料,从气候统计、天气分析及物理量诊断等角度,分析2023年8月2—4日黑龙江省东南部一次极端强降水过程。高空持续辐散、副热带高压和东北北部冷涡稳定少动、西南低空急流持续水汽输送等有利条件是此次强降水过程持续时间较长的主要原因。该过程可分为两个阶段:第1阶段,经向水汽净收入层和大气饱和层深厚,大气层结为弱对流不稳定;中层受西北气流控制,低层西南急流发展、伴随弱低涡东移,形成水平风速辐合及系统性上升运动,产生大范围持续性降水;该阶段以层积混合云为主,降水效率高,个别时段伴有列车效应,造成极端小时降水量及较大累积降水量。第2阶段,经向水汽净收入集中在对流层低层,且中心强度较大,对流层低层暖湿、饱和,中高层干冷,大气具有较强对流不稳定;在中层槽和低层暖式切变的系统性抬升以及地形辐合抬升的共同作用下,局地有积云发展,引发短时强降水,降水强度分布不均。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82073095)the National Social Science Fund of China(No.20BTY029)the Medical Sci-Tech Innovation Platform Foundation of Zhongnan Hospital,Wuhan University(No.PTXM2023005).
文摘Background Liver cancer is the sixth most prevalent cancer globally and the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality,with more than three-quarters of a million deaths.This has presented a significant challenge and imposed considerable strain on global public health systems.Therefore,evaluating the updated global burden of liver cancer and its recent trends in incidence and mortality is highly important,as it provides valuable insights for shaping public health policies and improving clinical practices.Methods The data in our article were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021(GBD 2021),which is available at https://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-results/.In this study,liver cancer mortality and incidence were estimated via the cause of death ensemble(CODEm)model for every combination of sex,age,location,and year.The incidence was modelled with DisMod-MR 2.1,a Bayesian meta-regression tool.A linear regression model was employed to explore the temporal trend of these rates,formulated as y=α+βx+ε,where x represents the calendar year and y signifies the natural logarithm of the rate.For both incidence and mortality,the estimated annual percentage change(EAPC)was computed via the formula 100×(e^(β)−1),accompanied by a 95%confidence interval(CI).Results First,529,000 cases were newly diagnosed,with an age-standardized incidence rate(ASIR)of 6.15 per 100,000 people.In terms of etiology,the incidence of liver cancer caused by metabolic factors has tended to increase.Additionally,the incidence of liver cancer was greater in males and older populations.Several specific regions presented liver cancer burdens that overwhelmingly surpassed the expected age-standardized rates(ASRs)each year from 1990 to 2021,regardless of their respective sociodemographic index(SDI)scores.Conclusion Our findings reveal that liver cancer continues to pose a significant public health challenge.These findings suggest that targeted interventions are needed to address both the infectious and non-infectious drivers of liver cancer in different socioeconomic settings.Hence,continued efforts in prevention through vaccination,antiviral therapies,and strategies to combat metabolic diseases are crucial for reducing the global burden of liver cancer in the coming decades.
基金supported by the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China during the 11th Five-Year Planperiod (2007BAD89B01)
文摘Weed control is one of the major constraint factors in crop production around the world. Field experiments were conducted during 2008-2009 under intercropping systems involving alfalfa （Medicago sativa L.）, sweet potato （lpomoea batatas [L.] Lain.）, peanut （Arachis hypogaea L.）, and sunflower （Helianthus annuus L.） in maize （Zea mays L.） without any weeds control methods taken. The results demonstrate that maizellsunflower is most effective on weed suppression and that it also has a more competitively inhibitory effect on Xanthium compared with the other patterns by evaluating the Xanthium density and dry weight under different intercropping systems with maize. Maizellpeanut, maizellalfalfa and maizel]sweet potato intercrops have no apparent inhibitory effect on weeds. To further investigate the effect of maize]lsunflower on weed control, indoor pot experiments were conducted by determining the effect of extractions on germination rate （GR）, root vigor, MDA （malondialdehyde）, SOD （superoxide dismutase） and POD （peroxidase） content of Xanthium. The results better prove that maizellsunflower extractions have more significant inhibitory effect on GR and young root vigor of Xanthium than maize monocrop extractions.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82274025,81773818,81273596,81503051)the Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Fund(21002411100,20DZ2202000)+6 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(YG2023ZD13,YG2023LC13)the Medicine and Engineering Combination Project of Shanghai Jiao Tong University(YG2023QNA07)the Yangfan Project of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(23YF1431300)the Open Project Program of Key Laboratory of Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders(Shanghai Jiao Tong University),Ministry of Education(2022GDND02)the Major Projects of Scientific and Technological Innovation 2030(2021ZD0200801,2021ZD0200800)the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(2017SHZDZX01)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC0905000,2016YFC1200200)。
文摘Acute kidney injury(AKI),a life-threatening side effect of cisplatin therapy,significantly limits the drug's therapeutic potential.In this study,we conducted a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screen in human renal tubular epithelial cells,integrating the results with transcriptome analyses and the Connectivity Map(CMap)database.Apilimod and elacridar emerged as the top two candidates of mitigating cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity,with apilimod demonstrating superior efficacy in drug matrix experiments.Apilimod reduced cisplatininduced apoptosis,inflammation and reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation.Transcriptome analyses suggested that apilimod may protect against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity via modulating lipid metabolism.In vitro experiments revealed that apilimod significantly ameliorated cisplatin-induced lipotoxicity by enhancing lipid clearance and upregulating PGC1α-mediated fatty acid oxidation.Mechanism experiments showed that apilimod induces the nuclear translocation of TFEB through the inhibition of its target,PIKfyve,thereby enhancing PGC1αexpression and ameliorating lipotoxicity.These protective effects of apilimod were simulated by si RNA-mediated PIKfyve knockdown and diminished by the PGC1αinhibitor SR-18292 and si RNA targeting TFEB,confirming the role of the PIKfyve/TFEB/PGC1αsignaling axis in apilimod's renoprotective effects.In vivo,apilimod alleviated apoptosis,inflammation,and lipid accumulation in a cisplatininduced AKI mouse model.Additionally,apilimod treatment did not compromise the antitumor effect of cisplatin in cancer cells or tumorbearing mice.Overall,our study suggests that apilimod could be a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of cisplatin-induced AKI and revealed its underlying molecular mechanism.
基金This work was supported by grants from the Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Fund(No.20DZ2202000)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81773818,81273596,30900799,and 81671326)+1 种基金National Key Research and Develop-ment Programs(Nos.2016YFC0905000,2016YFC0905002,2016YFC1200200,and 2016YFC0906400)111 Project,Shanghai Pujiang Program(No.17PJD020),and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders(No.13dz2260500)。
文摘Vaccines are one of the biggest successes in modern history and are particularly important in light of the multiple ongoing epidemics.Recently,vaccines have protected peoples’health and lives around the world during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.Different types of vaccines have their own characteristics and advantages and are used in the context of different epidemics.Responses to vaccination are also different,and can include adverse reactions and absent responses.These individual differences are thought to be influenced by host genes.In this review,we first discuss vaccine types and characteristics.Second,we discuss different responses to vaccination,primarily focusing on the association between genetic variation and inter-individual differences.
