In order to explore the mechanism of improving the surface wettability of low-energy polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)by new extended surfactants,five kinds of extended anionic surfactants with different numbers of oxypro...In order to explore the mechanism of improving the surface wettability of low-energy polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)by new extended surfactants,five kinds of extended anionic surfactants with different numbers of oxypropylene(PO)and oxyethylene(EO),octadecyl-(PO)_(m)-(EO)_(n)-sodium carboxylate(C_(18)PO_(m)EO_(n)C,m=5,10,15,n=5,10,15),were studied.The surface tension and contact angle of C_(18)PO_(m)EO_(n)C solution with different concentrations were measured,and the adhesion tension,PTFE-water interfacial tension,and adhesion work were calculated.It was found that the extended surfactant molecules adsorb on the surface of the solution and the PTFE-liquid interface simultaneously when the concentration is lower than the critical micelle concentration(cmc),and there was a linear relationship between surface tension and adhesion tension.The adsorption amount of C_(18)PO_(m)EO_(n)C at the PTFE-water interface was significantly lower than that on the surface of the solution.As the concentration increases above cmc,semi-micelle aggregates on the surface of PTFE are formed by C_(18)PO_(m)EO_(n)C molecules through hydrophobic interaction,and the hydrophilic group faces the solution to modify the surface of PTFE with high efficiency.展开更多
The first experiments on laser-driven cylindrical gold foam hohlraums have been performed at the 100 kJ SG-Ⅲ laser facility.Measurements of the expanding plasma emission show that there is less expanding plasma fill ...The first experiments on laser-driven cylindrical gold foam hohlraums have been performed at the 100 kJ SG-Ⅲ laser facility.Measurements of the expanding plasma emission show that there is less expanding plasma fill in foam hohlraums with a wall density of 0.8 g/cm^(3) than in solid gold hohlraums.The radiation temperatures at different angles confirm these results.Simulation results show that the expanding plasma density in the foam hohlraums is lower than in the solid hohlraums,resulting in less expanding plasma emission and higher radiation temperature.Thus,foam gold hohlraums have advantages in reducing wall plasma filling and improving X-ray transmission,which has potential applications in achieving a higher fusion yield.展开更多
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)are of great concern because they threaten pri-mary productivity,but their specific effects on ecosystem functioning are scarce,hindering a comprehensive understanding of their ec...Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)are of great concern because they threaten pri-mary productivity,but their specific effects on ecosystem functioning are scarce,hindering a comprehensive understanding of their ecological risks,especially in eutrophicwaters.The present study was conducted by adding PAHs to four marine phytoplankton species and showed that naphthalene(Nap)and phenanthrene(Phe)induced both stimulatory and in-hibitory effects(>50%)on urea and NO_(3)−uptake by phytoplankton species.In addition,the apparent stimulative effects(>50%)for NH_(4)^(+)were also observed.Overall,38.9%of the sam-ples exhibited stimulation effects after 24 h exposure,which increased to 61.1%after 96 h exposure.This suggested the existence of a lag period,during which a tolerant cell popula-tion could adapt to PAHs.Significant positive correlations(P<0.01)between low and high concentrations of PAH individuals demonstrated that the mode of action for both pollutants on nitrogen uptake by phytoplankton was the same.Species-specific responses were also observed,with 19.0%of Thalassiosira sp.and 24.0%of Tetraselmis sp.exhibited inhibition effects greater than 50%,while 40.9%of Karlodinium veneficum and 27.3%of Rhodomonas salina demonstrated stimulation effects exceeding 50%,providing a unique perspective for exploring the harmful algal bloom of the mixotrophic K.veneficum,in addition to the original consideration of nutrients.The internal mechanisms may lie in differences in energy consumption between N-forms,exposure time and chemical concentrations,aswell as mor-phological characteristics and biochemical structures of the species,which require further investigation.展开更多
To investigate the influence of oxygen content in a physiological liquid environment on the corrosion behavior of biomedical zinc-based alloys,a simulated bodily fluid environment with varying dissolved oxygen was est...To investigate the influence of oxygen content in a physiological liquid environment on the corrosion behavior of biomedical zinc-based alloys,a simulated bodily fluid environment with varying dissolved oxygen was established in vitro using external oxygen supply equipment.The influence of dissolved oxygen concentration on the corrosion behavior of pure Zn and Zn−Cu alloys was studied with scanning electron microscopy,energy dispersive spectroscopy,Fourier transform infrared spectrometry,and electrochemical analysis.Due to oxygen absorption corrosion,the increase in dissolved oxygen concentration increases the pH value of the solution and promotes the accumulation of corrosion product layer.Compared with the environment without additional oxygen supply,the corrosion rate of the sample under the continuous oxygen supply condition is increased by one order of magnitude.Because the Zn−Cu alloy has micro-galvanic corrosion,its corrosion rate is about 1.5 times that of pure zinc under different dissolved oxygen conditions.展开更多
BACKGROUND Although transmembrane protein 106C(TMEM106C)has been elucidated to be overexpressed in cancers,its underlying mechanisms have not yet been fully understood.AIM To investigate the expression levels and mole...BACKGROUND Although transmembrane protein 106C(TMEM106C)has been elucidated to be overexpressed in cancers,its underlying mechanisms have not yet been fully understood.AIM To investigate the expression levels and molecular mechanisms of TMEM106C across 34 different cancer types,including liver hepatocellular carcinoma(LIHC).METHODS We analyzed TMEM106C expression patterns in pan-cancers using microenvironment cell populations counter to evaluate its association with the tumor microenvironment.Gene set enrichment analysis was conducted to identify molecular pathways related to TMEM106C.Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing(ChIP-seq)analysis was conducted to identify upstream transcriptional regulators of TMEM106C.In LIHC,we examined mRNA profiles,performed in-house quantitative polymerase chain reaction,immunohistochemistry,and constructed a co-expression gene network.Functional assays,including cell counting kit-8,cell cycle,apoptosis,migration,and invasion,were conducted.The effect of nitidine chloride(NC)on LIHC xenograft was evaluated through RNA sequencing and molecular docking.Finally,potential therapeutic agents targeting TMEM106C were predicted.RESULTS TMEM106C was significantly overexpressed in 27 different cancer types and presaged poor prognosis in four of these types,including LIHC.Across pan-cancers,TMEM106C was inversely correlated to the abundances of immune and stromal cells.Furthermore,TMEM106C was significantly linked to cell cycle and DNA replication pathways in pan-cancers.ChIP-seq analysis predicted CCCTC-binding factor as a pivotal transcriptional factor targeting the TMEM106C gene in pan-cancers.Integrated analysis showed that TMEM106C was upregulated in 4657 LIHC compared with 3652 normal liver tissue[combined standardized mean difference=1.31(1.09,1.52)].Inhouse LIHC samples verified the expression status of TMEM106C.Higher TMEM106C expression signified worse survival conditions in LIHC patients treated with sorafenib,a tyrosine kinase inhibitor(TKI).Co-expressed analysis revealed that TMEM106C were significantly enriched in the cell cycle pathway.Knockout experiments demonstrated that TMEM106C plays a crucial role in LIHC cell proliferation,migration,and invasion,with cell cycle arrest occurring at the DNA synthesis phase,and increased apoptosis.Notably,TMEM106C upregulation was attenuated by NC treatment.Finally,TMEM106C expression levels were significantly correlated with the drug sensitivity of anti-hepatocellular carcinoma agents,including JNJ-42756493,a TKI agent.CONCLUSION Overexpressed TMEM106C was predicted as an oncogene in pan-cancers,which may serve as a promising therapeutic target for various cancers,including LIHC.Targeting TMEM106C could potentially offer a novel direction in overcoming TKI resistance specifically in LIHC.Future research directions include in-depth experimental validation and exploration of TMEM106C’s role in other cancer types.展开更多
LIM zinc finger domain containing 1(LIMS1),an evolutionarily conserved LIM domain adaptor protein,is implicated in diverse pathologies,including cancer and neurological disorders.However,its roles in cardiac diseases ...LIM zinc finger domain containing 1(LIMS1),an evolutionarily conserved LIM domain adaptor protein,is implicated in diverse pathologies,including cancer and neurological disorders.However,its roles in cardiac diseases and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.Here,we explore the functions and mechanisms of LIMS1 in cardiac remodeling and heart failure.We identify the elevated LIMS1 expression in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and murine cardiomyocytes,suggesting that LIMS1 dysregulation contributes to cardiac pathology.Using CRISPR/Cas9 technology,we generate a zebrafish model of lims1 loss-offunction mutant,which exhibits severe cardiac chamber remodeling,systolic dysfunction,and premature mortality,demonstrating the essential role of lims1 in maintaining cardiac integrity.Transcriptomic profiling reveals the activation of the gp130/Jak1/Stat3 signaling in the lims1-deficient hearts.Strikingly,pharmacological inhibition of Stat3 or c-Fos partially rescues cardiomyopathy phenotypes.Our findings reveal the underlying mechanism of lims1 deficiency-caused heart failure through gp130/Jak1/Stat3 hyperactivation,offering insights into cardiac remodeling and potential therapeutic strategies.展开更多
This paper aims to design a morphing wing with both Flexible Leading Edge(FLE)and Flexible Trailing Edge(FTE)by using cellular structures,which can help the wing boost the deformation to a greater extent on the premis...This paper aims to design a morphing wing with both Flexible Leading Edge(FLE)and Flexible Trailing Edge(FTE)by using cellular structures,which can help the wing boost the deformation to a greater extent on the premise that the weight is not changed,so as to play a greater role in aerodynamic control such as gust interference.First,as for structural design,based on NACA0012,a morphing wing model constructed by 3 forms of cell structures is proposed.Then,the aerodynamic characteristics under the interference of FLE and FTE are calculated by the Computational Fluid Dynamic(CFD)method.After the surrogate model is established to predict the lift coefficient of the wing effectively,the sensitivity analysis reveals that the main sensitivity index of FTE deflection angle β is 0.565,which has the greatest influence on the lift coefficient.And the total sensitivity index of FLE deflection angle γ is increased by 78.9%,which reveals a strong coupling relationship between FLE and FTE.Finally,using Finite Element Analysis(FEA)method and experiment,the deformation capability of the model under certain static loads are obtained.The results reveal that the maximum deflection angle of the morphing wing model can be±22°at FLE and±64°at FTE,indicating strong structural stiffness and resistance to bending breakage of the model.The presented results can be useful in the design of the cellular morphing wing with multiple flexible systems.展开更多
Background:Vaccine hesitancy remains a pressing global challenge,impacting the acceptance and distribution of both long-established and newly developed vaccines.This paper investigates the multifaceted nature of vacci...Background:Vaccine hesitancy remains a pressing global challenge,impacting the acceptance and distribution of both long-established and newly developed vaccines.This paper investigates the multifaceted nature of vaccine hesitancy,focusing on the development of the measles vaccine as a historical case study,while drawing comparisons to the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic.Methods:The study employs a historical and comparative approach to analyze vaccine hesitancy.It examines how technological advances,public policy,and communication strategies have influenced vaccine acceptance.Key lessons from the development of the measles vaccine are compared with challenges encountered during the rapid development and deployment of COVID-19 vaccines.Results:Both historical and contemporary examples reveal commonalities and differences in addressing vaccine hesitancy.While the measles vaccine demonstrated the importance of long-term safety evaluations and public trust-building,the COVID-19 vaccine highlighted the challenges of rapid development timelines and combating misinformation in a digital age.The findings underscore the necessity of transparent communication,equitable access,and proactive engagement in overcoming hesitancy.Conclusion:Understanding the historical and contemporary dynamics of vaccine hesitancy is crucial for promoting public trust and equitable vaccination in an evolving global health landscape.Effective strategies,combining historical lessons with modern innovations,can address public concerns and enhance vaccine acceptance.展开更多
Objective Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is sensitive to ferroptosis,a new form of programmed cell death that occurs in most tumor types.However,the mechanism through which ferroptosis modulates HCC remains unclear.This...Objective Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is sensitive to ferroptosis,a new form of programmed cell death that occurs in most tumor types.However,the mechanism through which ferroptosis modulates HCC remains unclear.This study aimed to investigate the oncogenic role and prognostic value of FANCD2 and provide novel insights into the prognostic assessment and prediction of immunotherapy.Methods Using clinicopathological parameters and bioinformatic techniques,we comprehensively examined the expression of FANCD2 macroscopically and microcosmically.We conducted univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses to identify the prognostic value of FANCD2 in HCC and elucidated the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying the involvement of FANCD2 in oncogenesis by promoting iron-related death.Results FANCD2 was significantly upregulated in digestive system cancers with abundant immune infiltration.As an independent risk factor for HCC,a high FANCD2 expression level was associated with poor clinical outcomes and response to immune checkpoint blockade.Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that FANCD2 was mainly involved in the cell cycle and CYP450 metabolism.Conclusion To the best of our knowledge,this is the first study to comprehensively elucidate the oncogenic role of FANCD2.FANCD2 has a tumor-promoting aspect in the digestive system and acts as an independent risk factor in HCC;hence,it has recognized value for predicting tumor aggressiveness and prognosis and may be a potential biomarker for poor responsiveness to immunotherapy.展开更多
With the proposed carbon-neutrality targets,intermittent renewable energy will become increasingly significant for the power sector in the future.It is vital to study its development paths,particularly for wind power ...With the proposed carbon-neutrality targets,intermittent renewable energy will become increasingly significant for the power sector in the future.It is vital to study its development paths,particularly for wind power and photovoltaics,while considering constraints on diffusion potential.Using learning curves,dynamic programming,and Bass models,this study analyzes technological diffusion trends to determine the most cost-effective development route for intermittent renewable energy power generation in China by 2060.This study simplifies reality by examining the individual diffusion processes of wind and photovoltaic power,focusing on the self-diffusion characteristics of the two technologies.The study assumes that self-diffusion is the primary driver of future development and describe the influence of multiple factors.The study finds that supportive policies are key drivers of development in the early stages of intermittent renewable energy deployment,especially for photovoltaics.The current diffusion scale of photovoltaics has a greater positive impact on its future development than that of wind power due to lower costs.In the long term,the phased goal for 2030 is projected to be met ahead of schedule,and the majority of future intermittent renewable energy output is expected to come from photovoltaics.The rapid development phases of photovoltaic and wind power conclude at similar times,but the maximum diffusion potential of photovoltaics is higher than that of wind power.Investment constraints and technological levels affect the initial and middle phases of the development path,but their effects are limited.The capacity of the power grid remains the key constraint in the entire research field.展开更多
The Hyperspectral Infrared Atmospheric Sounder-II(HIRAS-II)onboard China’s FungYun(FY)-3F meteorological satellite was launched in August 2023.This study presents the first attempt to retrieve the global carbon monox...The Hyperspectral Infrared Atmospheric Sounder-II(HIRAS-II)onboard China’s FungYun(FY)-3F meteorological satellite was launched in August 2023.This study presents the first attempt to retrieve the global carbon monoxide(CO)column from HIRAS-II/FY-3F spectra based on a newly established full-physics algorithm.The CO global columns derived from the HIRAS-II/FY-3F satellite are compared to measurements from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer(IASI)onboard Europe’s MetopB satellite,as both satellites have the same spectral range with a similar overpass time.The correlation coefficient between the IASI/Metop-B and HIRAS-II/FY-3F CO retrievals is about 0.8.The HIRAS-II/FY-3F satellite can capture well the regions with high CO values,e.g.,Africa,North America,and East Asia.The relative difference in the CO global column between HIRAS-II and IASI is 1.2±13.7(1)%,which is within their combined retrieval uncertainty.The CO plumes from the fire emissions in North America between 18 and 23 July 2024 were observed by the HIRAS-II/FY-3F satellite and consistent with the CAMS(Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service)model simulations.Our results show that the HIRAS-II/FY-3F spectra are of good enough quality to provide quantitative observations of global CO column remote sensing observations.展开更多
The taxonomic status of Episoriculus umbrinus has been contentious.This study aims to clarify its taxonomic position through mitochondrial genome analysis.Specimens of E.umbrinus were obtained from Liupanshui City,Gui...The taxonomic status of Episoriculus umbrinus has been contentious.This study aims to clarify its taxonomic position through mitochondrial genome analysis.Specimens of E.umbrinus were obtained from Liupanshui City,Guizhou Province,China.Genomic DNA was extracted,and 15 primer pairs were designed to amplify and sequence the complete mitochondrial genome of E.umbrinus.The results revealed that the mitochondrial genome of E.umbrinus is a circular double-stranded structure with a length of 17,073 bp,comprising 13 protein-coding genes,1 control region,22 tRNA genes,2 rRNA genes,and 1 origin of L-strand replication.Compared with E.caudatus,differences were observed between the two species in terms of replication origins,gene overlap regions,base lengths,and termination codons.Genetic distance analysis of mitochondrial protein-coding genes showed that the genetic distance between E.umbrinus and E.caudatus ranged from 0.069 to 0.125.A phylogenetic tree constructed based on the concatenated sequences of the 13 protein-coding genes indicated that E.umbrinus clustered as a distinct branch with the other three species within the genus Episoriculus.This study confirmed at the molecular level that E.umbrinus is an independent species rather than a subspecies of E.caudatus.The mitochondrial genome sequence of E.umbrinus provides an important supplementary information for the genetic research of this species and offers new evidence for the phylogenetic study of the tribe Nectogalini.展开更多
This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of comprehensive rehabilitation for patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) and to explore the factors influencing the prognosis of rehabilitation. This ...This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of comprehensive rehabilitation for patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) and to explore the factors influencing the prognosis of rehabilitation. This was a retrospective study. Twenty-five patients with aSAH were treated with physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, cognitive therapy, music therapy, Chinese acupuncture, hyperbaric oxygen, and transcranial magnetic stimulation. The general data of all patients were collected, and the functional scores at admission were compared with those at discharge. The Mini Mental State Examination, Fugl-Meyer Assessment Scale (FMAS) for motor and balance assessment, Holden Functional Ambulation Classification (FAC), modified Rankin Scale, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale, Modified Barthel Index for activities of daily living (ADL), and Glasgow Outcome Scale were significantly improved among 25 patients with aSAH after 1 month of comprehensive rehabilitation training. Hydrocephalus was an independent factor of the ability to perform ADLs (odds ratio, 0.29;95% confidence interval, 2.03. 3.15;p = 0.000). The improvement of ADLs in aSAH patients was not related to sex, surgical method, aneurysm location, age, or smoking status. Comprehensive and professional rehabilitation is effective for the cognition, movement, walking, ADLs, and functional prognosis of patients with aSAH, while early hydrocephalus may be a risk factor for poor ADLs.展开更多
Background:With the rapid development of modern emerging technologies,the ethical dilemmas and social controversies triggered by scientific and technological activities have become increasingly prominent.How to guide ...Background:With the rapid development of modern emerging technologies,the ethical dilemmas and social controversies triggered by scientific and technological activities have become increasingly prominent.How to guide technology for good and prevent and control technological risks has become an important issue of global concern.Research on science and technology ethics is dedicated to integrating ethical theories into governance practices and constructing ethical models that adapt to the development of the times.Methods:This article systematically reviews the six core approaches of scientific and technological ethics thought,including technological autonomy and political philosophy criticism,responsibility ethics and intergenerational obligations,technological intermediation and the integration of life and the world,ethical principles and normative frameworks,participatory governance and ethical practice innovation,as well as domain-specific ethical norms,thereby constructing an ethical analysis framework applicable to medical technology risks.And cross-analysis was conducted by taking medical events such as gene editing and xenotransplantation as examples.Results:Research shows that a single ethical approach has limitations in addressing complex medical ethical challenges,while the six approaches are complementary and synergistic.By criticizing technological autonomy,establishing a responsibility ethics orientation,setting the bottom line of ethical principles,promoting participatory governance,formulating domain norms,and continuously reflecting on the intermediary nature of technology,a multi-level and dynamically adaptive governance system for scientific and technological ethics can be constructed.Conclusion:The key to addressing contemporary medical ethics challenges lies in the comprehensive application of science and technology ethics theories and the integration of ethical considerations throughout the entire process of scientific and technological research and development.In the future,a governance framework that adapts to the development of new technologies should be established to promote cross-cultural and cross-disciplinary ethical dialogue and public participation,ensuring that scientific and technological innovation always serves the dignity of human life and overall well-being.展开更多
The microscale distribution of oxygen,the nitrogen flux and the denitrification rates in sediment inhabited by chironomid larvae（Tanypus chinensis） were measured in eutrophic Lake Taihu,China.The presence of the chi...The microscale distribution of oxygen,the nitrogen flux and the denitrification rates in sediment inhabited by chironomid larvae（Tanypus chinensis） were measured in eutrophic Lake Taihu,China.The presence of the chironomids in the sediment increased the oxygen diffusional flux from 10.4 ± 1.4 to 12.7 ± 2.5 mmol O 2 /（m 2 ·day）.The burrows of the larvae represented ＂hot spots＂ and strongly influenced the nitrogen cycles and diagenetic activity in the sediment.The results indicate that the bioturbation effects of Tanypus chinensis chironomid larvae increased the capacity of the sediment as a sink for nitrate and a source for ammonium.Nitrate influx and ammonium outflux were increased 8.8 and 1.7 times,respectively.Under bioturbation,the amount of nitrate consumed was greater than the amount of ammonium released.The total denitrification rate was also enhanced from 0.76 ± 0.34 to 5.50 ± 1.30 mmol N/（m 2 ·day）.The net effect was that the bioturbated sediments acted as a net sink for inorganic nitrogen under direct and indirect bioturbation effects compared to the control.展开更多
High-temperature magma generation process and granulite-facies metamorphism can provide important information about mantle-crustal interaction and tectonic evolution. The strongly peralu- minous monzonite pluton, the ...High-temperature magma generation process and granulite-facies metamorphism can provide important information about mantle-crustal interaction and tectonic evolution. The strongly peralu- minous monzonite pluton, the Jinshuikou cordierite granite on the southern margin of the Qaidam Block, can provide important information about the mantle-crustal interaction and constraints on tectonic tran- sition from Proto-Tethys to Paleo-Tethys. This pluton develops enclaves of mafic granulite, amphibolite and quartzofeldspathic rocks, and is cut by massive monzonitic leuco-granite veins. Zircon and monazite U-Pb dating for the cordierite granite, the granulite enclaves and a massive monzonitic leuco-granite vein reveal that the cordierite granitic magma was generated from Mesoproterozoic continental crust with protolith derived from a provenanee that was composed of 〉2.8 Ga old recycled crustal materials and re- corded a -1.7 Ga magmatic event. The continental crust underwent low-pressure granulite-facies metamorphism at -380 Ma ago, whereas the cordierite granite magmas was generated and emplaced during 380 Ma, followed by intrusion of the massive monzonitic leuco-granite vein at circa 370-330 Ma. These data suggest that after the final closure of Proto-Tethys Ocean spreading along the southern Qaidam Block at -420 Ma, break-off of the subducted slab or delamination of the lower crustal base and upwelling of the asthenospheric mantle beneath the southern Qaidam Block occurred before the Mid-Devonian, and that the initiation of the Paleo-Tethys tectonics might initiate near the end of Early-Carboniferous in the East Kunlun-Qaidam region, East Asia.展开更多
Strict relation between the substituents or functional groups attached to the coal macromolecules and the generation of the volatile products, e.g., CH4 H2O, CO, CO2, etc., during the coal pyrolysis is an important bu...Strict relation between the substituents or functional groups attached to the coal macromolecules and the generation of the volatile products, e.g., CH4 H2O, CO, CO2, etc., during the coal pyrolysis is an important but confusing subject. In this paper, quadrupole mass spectronletry, gas chromatography, and ^l3C nuclear magnetic resonance are applied to real-time monitoring the formations of volatile products, off-line quantitative determination of the total products from the pyrolysis of a sub-bituminous coal (SC), and the changes of diverse substitents in the SC along with coke foamation, respectively. These measurements are also performed for the pyrolysis of a caking coal to contrast SC. The qualitative and quantitative data reveal that, during coal pyrolysis, the functional groups related with the formation of CO, i.e., ether, carbonyl, and anhydride, can directly gen erate CO via bond breaking, or take a detour of the formation of other intermediates via condensation and recombination firstly. Moreover, the formations of CO2 and CH4 are related to the direct removal of -COO- and -CH3,respectively.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging is a new elastography method for the evaluation of tissue stiffness. This study aims to evaluate the performance of ARFI in noninvasive assessment of the tis...BACKGROUND: Acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging is a new elastography method for the evaluation of tissue stiffness. This study aims to evaluate the performance of ARFI in noninvasive assessment of the tissue stiffness of focal liver lesion (FLL) and to explore its potential value in the differential diagnosis of FLL. METHODS: ARFI was performed in 140 patients with 154 FLLs, which included 28 hemangiomas (ANGIs), 14 focal nodular hyperplasias (FNHs), 61 hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), 39 metastases and 12 cholangiocellular carcinomas (CCCs). Virtual touch tissue quantification (VTTQ) values were obtained, analyzed and compared. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and optimal cut-off values were obtained using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to assess diagnostic performance. All cases were definitively diagnosed using histopathology, CT, MRI or contrast-enhanced ultrasound. RESULTS: The VTTQ median values of ANGI, FNH, HCC metastasis and CCC were 1.30, 1.80, 2.52, 3.08 and 3.89 m/s respectively. A significant increase in the VTTQ values of different lesions was observed: ANGI【FNH【HCC【metastasis 【CCC (P【0.001). The AUROC (95% CI) of VTTQ values was 0.94 (0.90-0.98) for ANGI, 0.91 (0.87-0.96) for malignant lesions and 0.87 (0.79-0.94) for CCC. The sensitivity and specificity for ANGI (86.5%, 89.3%, respectively), malignancy (81.3% 92.9%, respectively), and CCC (91.7%, 72.5%, respectively) were associated with VTTQ cut-off values of 1.76, 2.22 and 3.00 m/s respectively.CONCLUSIONS: ARFI can accurately and objectively assess the elasticity of lesions by obtaining the shear wave elastic value of FLL with VTTQ. Therefore, ARFI is a novel, simple, noninvasive and useful diagnostic method for the characterization of FLL.展开更多
As a top predator,the Eurasian otter(Lutra lutra)is an indicator of healthy freshwater ecosystems and a flagship species for conservation.Once widespread in China,the species is now distributed mainly in the upper rea...As a top predator,the Eurasian otter(Lutra lutra)is an indicator of healthy freshwater ecosystems and a flagship species for conservation.Once widespread in China,the species is now distributed mainly in the upper reaches of the great rivers of western China.However,a lack of knowledge on local otter populations continues to hinder their conservation in China.Here,we conducted a detailed study on habitat use of Eurasian otters in Yushu City and Tangjiahe National Nature Reserve in western China using transect surveys.At both study sites,otters preferred to defecate on large rocks close to or protruding from the river and about 50 cm above the waterline.In Yushu,no spraints were found along the 5 km river bank section in the downtown area,with otters preferring sprainting sites with natural banks,riparian zones,and lower human population density.However,this pattern was not obvious at Tangjiahe,where river transformation and human disturbance are minor.Otter river use intensity was negatively correlated with elevation and human population density in Yushu in both seasons.In Tangjiahe,otter river use intensity was positively correlated with prey mass and flow rate and negatively correlated with human population in spring,but positively correlated with human population and negatively correlated with flow rate in autumn.These results reflect the flexible habitat use strategies of otters at different sites,underlining the necessity to study otters living in different regions and habitat types.We provide suggestions for river modification and call for more site-specific studies to promote otter conservation in China.展开更多
文摘In order to explore the mechanism of improving the surface wettability of low-energy polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)by new extended surfactants,five kinds of extended anionic surfactants with different numbers of oxypropylene(PO)and oxyethylene(EO),octadecyl-(PO)_(m)-(EO)_(n)-sodium carboxylate(C_(18)PO_(m)EO_(n)C,m=5,10,15,n=5,10,15),were studied.The surface tension and contact angle of C_(18)PO_(m)EO_(n)C solution with different concentrations were measured,and the adhesion tension,PTFE-water interfacial tension,and adhesion work were calculated.It was found that the extended surfactant molecules adsorb on the surface of the solution and the PTFE-liquid interface simultaneously when the concentration is lower than the critical micelle concentration(cmc),and there was a linear relationship between surface tension and adhesion tension.The adsorption amount of C_(18)PO_(m)EO_(n)C at the PTFE-water interface was significantly lower than that on the surface of the solution.As the concentration increases above cmc,semi-micelle aggregates on the surface of PTFE are formed by C_(18)PO_(m)EO_(n)C molecules through hydrophobic interaction,and the hydrophilic group faces the solution to modify the surface of PTFE with high efficiency.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11775204 and 12105269)the Presidential Foundation of the China Academy of Engineering Physics(Grant No.YZJJLX2018011)。
文摘The first experiments on laser-driven cylindrical gold foam hohlraums have been performed at the 100 kJ SG-Ⅲ laser facility.Measurements of the expanding plasma emission show that there is less expanding plasma fill in foam hohlraums with a wall density of 0.8 g/cm^(3) than in solid gold hohlraums.The radiation temperatures at different angles confirm these results.Simulation results show that the expanding plasma density in the foam hohlraums is lower than in the solid hohlraums,resulting in less expanding plasma emission and higher radiation temperature.Thus,foam gold hohlraums have advantages in reducing wall plasma filling and improving X-ray transmission,which has potential applications in achieving a higher fusion yield.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42277404)the State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Aquatic Ecosystem Health in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River(No.AEHKF2023004)+2 种基金the National Key Research and Development Programof China(No.2022YFC3202703)the International Collaboration Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Nos.SAJC202403,067GJHZ2023034MI)the Autonomous Deployment Project of Key Laboratory of Lake andWatershed Science for Water Security(No.NKL2023-KP01).
文摘Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)are of great concern because they threaten pri-mary productivity,but their specific effects on ecosystem functioning are scarce,hindering a comprehensive understanding of their ecological risks,especially in eutrophicwaters.The present study was conducted by adding PAHs to four marine phytoplankton species and showed that naphthalene(Nap)and phenanthrene(Phe)induced both stimulatory and in-hibitory effects(>50%)on urea and NO_(3)−uptake by phytoplankton species.In addition,the apparent stimulative effects(>50%)for NH_(4)^(+)were also observed.Overall,38.9%of the sam-ples exhibited stimulation effects after 24 h exposure,which increased to 61.1%after 96 h exposure.This suggested the existence of a lag period,during which a tolerant cell popula-tion could adapt to PAHs.Significant positive correlations(P<0.01)between low and high concentrations of PAH individuals demonstrated that the mode of action for both pollutants on nitrogen uptake by phytoplankton was the same.Species-specific responses were also observed,with 19.0%of Thalassiosira sp.and 24.0%of Tetraselmis sp.exhibited inhibition effects greater than 50%,while 40.9%of Karlodinium veneficum and 27.3%of Rhodomonas salina demonstrated stimulation effects exceeding 50%,providing a unique perspective for exploring the harmful algal bloom of the mixotrophic K.veneficum,in addition to the original consideration of nutrients.The internal mechanisms may lie in differences in energy consumption between N-forms,exposure time and chemical concentrations,aswell as mor-phological characteristics and biochemical structures of the species,which require further investigation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52171236,51971062,52231005)Open Research Fund of Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Advanced Metallic Materials,Southeast University,China(No.AMM2024A01)+3 种基金Suzhou Science and Technology Project,China(Nos.SJC2023005,SZS2023023)City University of Hong Kong Donation Research Grant,China(No.DON-RMG 9229021)City University of Hong Kong Strategic Research Grant,China(No.SRG 7005505)City University of Hong Kong Donation Grant,China(No.9220061)。
文摘To investigate the influence of oxygen content in a physiological liquid environment on the corrosion behavior of biomedical zinc-based alloys,a simulated bodily fluid environment with varying dissolved oxygen was established in vitro using external oxygen supply equipment.The influence of dissolved oxygen concentration on the corrosion behavior of pure Zn and Zn−Cu alloys was studied with scanning electron microscopy,energy dispersive spectroscopy,Fourier transform infrared spectrometry,and electrochemical analysis.Due to oxygen absorption corrosion,the increase in dissolved oxygen concentration increases the pH value of the solution and promotes the accumulation of corrosion product layer.Compared with the environment without additional oxygen supply,the corrosion rate of the sample under the continuous oxygen supply condition is increased by one order of magnitude.Because the Zn−Cu alloy has micro-galvanic corrosion,its corrosion rate is about 1.5 times that of pure zinc under different dissolved oxygen conditions.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.NSFC82160762,No.NSFC82460783Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi,No.2022GXNSFBA035657Innovation Project of Guangxi Graduate Education,No.JGY2023068,No.YCSW2023220.
文摘BACKGROUND Although transmembrane protein 106C(TMEM106C)has been elucidated to be overexpressed in cancers,its underlying mechanisms have not yet been fully understood.AIM To investigate the expression levels and molecular mechanisms of TMEM106C across 34 different cancer types,including liver hepatocellular carcinoma(LIHC).METHODS We analyzed TMEM106C expression patterns in pan-cancers using microenvironment cell populations counter to evaluate its association with the tumor microenvironment.Gene set enrichment analysis was conducted to identify molecular pathways related to TMEM106C.Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing(ChIP-seq)analysis was conducted to identify upstream transcriptional regulators of TMEM106C.In LIHC,we examined mRNA profiles,performed in-house quantitative polymerase chain reaction,immunohistochemistry,and constructed a co-expression gene network.Functional assays,including cell counting kit-8,cell cycle,apoptosis,migration,and invasion,were conducted.The effect of nitidine chloride(NC)on LIHC xenograft was evaluated through RNA sequencing and molecular docking.Finally,potential therapeutic agents targeting TMEM106C were predicted.RESULTS TMEM106C was significantly overexpressed in 27 different cancer types and presaged poor prognosis in four of these types,including LIHC.Across pan-cancers,TMEM106C was inversely correlated to the abundances of immune and stromal cells.Furthermore,TMEM106C was significantly linked to cell cycle and DNA replication pathways in pan-cancers.ChIP-seq analysis predicted CCCTC-binding factor as a pivotal transcriptional factor targeting the TMEM106C gene in pan-cancers.Integrated analysis showed that TMEM106C was upregulated in 4657 LIHC compared with 3652 normal liver tissue[combined standardized mean difference=1.31(1.09,1.52)].Inhouse LIHC samples verified the expression status of TMEM106C.Higher TMEM106C expression signified worse survival conditions in LIHC patients treated with sorafenib,a tyrosine kinase inhibitor(TKI).Co-expressed analysis revealed that TMEM106C were significantly enriched in the cell cycle pathway.Knockout experiments demonstrated that TMEM106C plays a crucial role in LIHC cell proliferation,migration,and invasion,with cell cycle arrest occurring at the DNA synthesis phase,and increased apoptosis.Notably,TMEM106C upregulation was attenuated by NC treatment.Finally,TMEM106C expression levels were significantly correlated with the drug sensitivity of anti-hepatocellular carcinoma agents,including JNJ-42756493,a TKI agent.CONCLUSION Overexpressed TMEM106C was predicted as an oncogene in pan-cancers,which may serve as a promising therapeutic target for various cancers,including LIHC.Targeting TMEM106C could potentially offer a novel direction in overcoming TKI resistance specifically in LIHC.Future research directions include in-depth experimental validation and exploration of TMEM106C’s role in other cancer types.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82070394,82371863,31970504,82100491,and 82000307)the Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Hereditary Birth Defects Prevention and Control project(HPKL2023001)for their support of this research.
文摘LIM zinc finger domain containing 1(LIMS1),an evolutionarily conserved LIM domain adaptor protein,is implicated in diverse pathologies,including cancer and neurological disorders.However,its roles in cardiac diseases and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.Here,we explore the functions and mechanisms of LIMS1 in cardiac remodeling and heart failure.We identify the elevated LIMS1 expression in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and murine cardiomyocytes,suggesting that LIMS1 dysregulation contributes to cardiac pathology.Using CRISPR/Cas9 technology,we generate a zebrafish model of lims1 loss-offunction mutant,which exhibits severe cardiac chamber remodeling,systolic dysfunction,and premature mortality,demonstrating the essential role of lims1 in maintaining cardiac integrity.Transcriptomic profiling reveals the activation of the gp130/Jak1/Stat3 signaling in the lims1-deficient hearts.Strikingly,pharmacological inhibition of Stat3 or c-Fos partially rescues cardiomyopathy phenotypes.Our findings reveal the underlying mechanism of lims1 deficiency-caused heart failure through gp130/Jak1/Stat3 hyperactivation,offering insights into cardiac remodeling and potential therapeutic strategies.
基金co-supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52402460)project funded by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2024T171113)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China。
文摘This paper aims to design a morphing wing with both Flexible Leading Edge(FLE)and Flexible Trailing Edge(FTE)by using cellular structures,which can help the wing boost the deformation to a greater extent on the premise that the weight is not changed,so as to play a greater role in aerodynamic control such as gust interference.First,as for structural design,based on NACA0012,a morphing wing model constructed by 3 forms of cell structures is proposed.Then,the aerodynamic characteristics under the interference of FLE and FTE are calculated by the Computational Fluid Dynamic(CFD)method.After the surrogate model is established to predict the lift coefficient of the wing effectively,the sensitivity analysis reveals that the main sensitivity index of FTE deflection angle β is 0.565,which has the greatest influence on the lift coefficient.And the total sensitivity index of FLE deflection angle γ is increased by 78.9%,which reveals a strong coupling relationship between FLE and FTE.Finally,using Finite Element Analysis(FEA)method and experiment,the deformation capability of the model under certain static loads are obtained.The results reveal that the maximum deflection angle of the morphing wing model can be±22°at FLE and±64°at FTE,indicating strong structural stiffness and resistance to bending breakage of the model.The presented results can be useful in the design of the cellular morphing wing with multiple flexible systems.
基金supported by The National Key Research and Development Program(Grant No.2024YFA0917200)University of Science and Technology of China(Grant No.2024YCHX07)Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.CX2110240028).
文摘Background:Vaccine hesitancy remains a pressing global challenge,impacting the acceptance and distribution of both long-established and newly developed vaccines.This paper investigates the multifaceted nature of vaccine hesitancy,focusing on the development of the measles vaccine as a historical case study,while drawing comparisons to the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic.Methods:The study employs a historical and comparative approach to analyze vaccine hesitancy.It examines how technological advances,public policy,and communication strategies have influenced vaccine acceptance.Key lessons from the development of the measles vaccine are compared with challenges encountered during the rapid development and deployment of COVID-19 vaccines.Results:Both historical and contemporary examples reveal commonalities and differences in addressing vaccine hesitancy.While the measles vaccine demonstrated the importance of long-term safety evaluations and public trust-building,the COVID-19 vaccine highlighted the challenges of rapid development timelines and combating misinformation in a digital age.The findings underscore the necessity of transparent communication,equitable access,and proactive engagement in overcoming hesitancy.Conclusion:Understanding the historical and contemporary dynamics of vaccine hesitancy is crucial for promoting public trust and equitable vaccination in an evolving global health landscape.Effective strategies,combining historical lessons with modern innovations,can address public concerns and enhance vaccine acceptance.
基金supported by Beijing Science and Technology Commission(grant number Z211100002921059)National Science and Technology Major Projects of China(2017ZX10201201-001-006,2017ZX10201201-002-006,and 2018ZX10715-005-003-005)+5 种基金Digestive Medical Coordinated Development Center of Beijing Hospital Authority(XXZ0302 and XXT28)National Key R&D Program China(2022YFC2603505)Beijing Hospital Authority Clinical Medicine Development with Special Funding Support(XMLX 202127)High-Level Public Health Technical Personnel Training Program of Beijing the Municipal Health Commission(2022-3-050)Capital Health Research and Development of Special(2022-1-2172)HBV infection,Clinical Cure and Immunology Joint Laboratory for Clinical Medicine Capital Medical University.
文摘Objective Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is sensitive to ferroptosis,a new form of programmed cell death that occurs in most tumor types.However,the mechanism through which ferroptosis modulates HCC remains unclear.This study aimed to investigate the oncogenic role and prognostic value of FANCD2 and provide novel insights into the prognostic assessment and prediction of immunotherapy.Methods Using clinicopathological parameters and bioinformatic techniques,we comprehensively examined the expression of FANCD2 macroscopically and microcosmically.We conducted univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses to identify the prognostic value of FANCD2 in HCC and elucidated the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying the involvement of FANCD2 in oncogenesis by promoting iron-related death.Results FANCD2 was significantly upregulated in digestive system cancers with abundant immune infiltration.As an independent risk factor for HCC,a high FANCD2 expression level was associated with poor clinical outcomes and response to immune checkpoint blockade.Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that FANCD2 was mainly involved in the cell cycle and CYP450 metabolism.Conclusion To the best of our knowledge,this is the first study to comprehensively elucidate the oncogenic role of FANCD2.FANCD2 has a tumor-promoting aspect in the digestive system and acts as an independent risk factor in HCC;hence,it has recognized value for predicting tumor aggressiveness and prognosis and may be a potential biomarker for poor responsiveness to immunotherapy.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant No.71874121,No.71671121 and No.71431005]the support from the National Key R&D Programme of China[Grant No.2018YFC0704400]+1 种基金the support from Major Projects of the National Social Science Fund of China[Grant No.17ZDA065]the support from the General Project of the Humanities and Social Science Fund of the Chinese Ministry of Education[Grant No.21YJA630023].
文摘With the proposed carbon-neutrality targets,intermittent renewable energy will become increasingly significant for the power sector in the future.It is vital to study its development paths,particularly for wind power and photovoltaics,while considering constraints on diffusion potential.Using learning curves,dynamic programming,and Bass models,this study analyzes technological diffusion trends to determine the most cost-effective development route for intermittent renewable energy power generation in China by 2060.This study simplifies reality by examining the individual diffusion processes of wind and photovoltaic power,focusing on the self-diffusion characteristics of the two technologies.The study assumes that self-diffusion is the primary driver of future development and describe the influence of multiple factors.The study finds that supportive policies are key drivers of development in the early stages of intermittent renewable energy deployment,especially for photovoltaics.The current diffusion scale of photovoltaics has a greater positive impact on its future development than that of wind power due to lower costs.In the long term,the phased goal for 2030 is projected to be met ahead of schedule,and the majority of future intermittent renewable energy output is expected to come from photovoltaics.The rapid development phases of photovoltaic and wind power conclude at similar times,but the maximum diffusion potential of photovoltaics is higher than that of wind power.Investment constraints and technological levels affect the initial and middle phases of the development path,but their effects are limited.The capacity of the power grid remains the key constraint in the entire research field.
基金supported by the FengYun Application Pioneering Project (Grant No. FY-APP-2022.0502)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42205140)the State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment end Extreme Meteorology (Grant No. 2024QN04)
文摘The Hyperspectral Infrared Atmospheric Sounder-II(HIRAS-II)onboard China’s FungYun(FY)-3F meteorological satellite was launched in August 2023.This study presents the first attempt to retrieve the global carbon monoxide(CO)column from HIRAS-II/FY-3F spectra based on a newly established full-physics algorithm.The CO global columns derived from the HIRAS-II/FY-3F satellite are compared to measurements from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer(IASI)onboard Europe’s MetopB satellite,as both satellites have the same spectral range with a similar overpass time.The correlation coefficient between the IASI/Metop-B and HIRAS-II/FY-3F CO retrievals is about 0.8.The HIRAS-II/FY-3F satellite can capture well the regions with high CO values,e.g.,Africa,North America,and East Asia.The relative difference in the CO global column between HIRAS-II and IASI is 1.2±13.7(1)%,which is within their combined retrieval uncertainty.The CO plumes from the fire emissions in North America between 18 and 23 July 2024 were observed by the HIRAS-II/FY-3F satellite and consistent with the CAMS(Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service)model simulations.Our results show that the HIRAS-II/FY-3F spectra are of good enough quality to provide quantitative observations of global CO column remote sensing observations.
基金supported by the Research Project of Mudanjiang Normal University(GP2022009,HX2023004)the Heilongjiang Provincial Natural Funds(LH2021C095).
文摘The taxonomic status of Episoriculus umbrinus has been contentious.This study aims to clarify its taxonomic position through mitochondrial genome analysis.Specimens of E.umbrinus were obtained from Liupanshui City,Guizhou Province,China.Genomic DNA was extracted,and 15 primer pairs were designed to amplify and sequence the complete mitochondrial genome of E.umbrinus.The results revealed that the mitochondrial genome of E.umbrinus is a circular double-stranded structure with a length of 17,073 bp,comprising 13 protein-coding genes,1 control region,22 tRNA genes,2 rRNA genes,and 1 origin of L-strand replication.Compared with E.caudatus,differences were observed between the two species in terms of replication origins,gene overlap regions,base lengths,and termination codons.Genetic distance analysis of mitochondrial protein-coding genes showed that the genetic distance between E.umbrinus and E.caudatus ranged from 0.069 to 0.125.A phylogenetic tree constructed based on the concatenated sequences of the 13 protein-coding genes indicated that E.umbrinus clustered as a distinct branch with the other three species within the genus Episoriculus.This study confirmed at the molecular level that E.umbrinus is an independent species rather than a subspecies of E.caudatus.The mitochondrial genome sequence of E.umbrinus provides an important supplementary information for the genetic research of this species and offers new evidence for the phylogenetic study of the tribe Nectogalini.
文摘This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of comprehensive rehabilitation for patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) and to explore the factors influencing the prognosis of rehabilitation. This was a retrospective study. Twenty-five patients with aSAH were treated with physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, cognitive therapy, music therapy, Chinese acupuncture, hyperbaric oxygen, and transcranial magnetic stimulation. The general data of all patients were collected, and the functional scores at admission were compared with those at discharge. The Mini Mental State Examination, Fugl-Meyer Assessment Scale (FMAS) for motor and balance assessment, Holden Functional Ambulation Classification (FAC), modified Rankin Scale, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale, Modified Barthel Index for activities of daily living (ADL), and Glasgow Outcome Scale were significantly improved among 25 patients with aSAH after 1 month of comprehensive rehabilitation training. Hydrocephalus was an independent factor of the ability to perform ADLs (odds ratio, 0.29;95% confidence interval, 2.03. 3.15;p = 0.000). The improvement of ADLs in aSAH patients was not related to sex, surgical method, aneurysm location, age, or smoking status. Comprehensive and professional rehabilitation is effective for the cognition, movement, walking, ADLs, and functional prognosis of patients with aSAH, while early hydrocephalus may be a risk factor for poor ADLs.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(Grant No.2024YFA0917200)the Projects of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention(Grant No.BB2110240093)World Medical History under the Education Innovation Plan of the University of Science and Technology of China(Grant No.2024YCHX07).
文摘Background:With the rapid development of modern emerging technologies,the ethical dilemmas and social controversies triggered by scientific and technological activities have become increasingly prominent.How to guide technology for good and prevent and control technological risks has become an important issue of global concern.Research on science and technology ethics is dedicated to integrating ethical theories into governance practices and constructing ethical models that adapt to the development of the times.Methods:This article systematically reviews the six core approaches of scientific and technological ethics thought,including technological autonomy and political philosophy criticism,responsibility ethics and intergenerational obligations,technological intermediation and the integration of life and the world,ethical principles and normative frameworks,participatory governance and ethical practice innovation,as well as domain-specific ethical norms,thereby constructing an ethical analysis framework applicable to medical technology risks.And cross-analysis was conducted by taking medical events such as gene editing and xenotransplantation as examples.Results:Research shows that a single ethical approach has limitations in addressing complex medical ethical challenges,while the six approaches are complementary and synergistic.By criticizing technological autonomy,establishing a responsibility ethics orientation,setting the bottom line of ethical principles,promoting participatory governance,formulating domain norms,and continuously reflecting on the intermediary nature of technology,a multi-level and dynamically adaptive governance system for scientific and technological ethics can be constructed.Conclusion:The key to addressing contemporary medical ethics challenges lies in the comprehensive application of science and technology ethics theories and the integration of ethical considerations throughout the entire process of scientific and technological research and development.In the future,a governance framework that adapts to the development of new technologies should be established to promote cross-cultural and cross-disciplinary ethical dialogue and public participation,ensuring that scientific and technological innovation always serves the dignity of human life and overall well-being.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41271468,40971253,40903031)the Basic Research Program of Jiangsu Province (No. BK2011879)the Key Project of"One Three Five" Strategic Developing Plan (No. NIGLAS2012135008
文摘The microscale distribution of oxygen,the nitrogen flux and the denitrification rates in sediment inhabited by chironomid larvae（Tanypus chinensis） were measured in eutrophic Lake Taihu,China.The presence of the chironomids in the sediment increased the oxygen diffusional flux from 10.4 ± 1.4 to 12.7 ± 2.5 mmol O 2 /（m 2 ·day）.The burrows of the larvae represented ＂hot spots＂ and strongly influenced the nitrogen cycles and diagenetic activity in the sediment.The results indicate that the bioturbation effects of Tanypus chinensis chironomid larvae increased the capacity of the sediment as a sink for nitrate and a source for ammonium.Nitrate influx and ammonium outflux were increased 8.8 and 1.7 times,respectively.Under bioturbation,the amount of nitrate consumed was greater than the amount of ammonium released.The total denitrification rate was also enhanced from 0.76 ± 0.34 to 5.50 ± 1.30 mmol N/（m 2 ·day）.The net effect was that the bioturbated sediments acted as a net sink for inorganic nitrogen under direct and indirect bioturbation effects compared to the control.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.40972042,40772041,42072030)the Open Research Program of the Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics,Northwest University
文摘High-temperature magma generation process and granulite-facies metamorphism can provide important information about mantle-crustal interaction and tectonic evolution. The strongly peralu- minous monzonite pluton, the Jinshuikou cordierite granite on the southern margin of the Qaidam Block, can provide important information about the mantle-crustal interaction and constraints on tectonic tran- sition from Proto-Tethys to Paleo-Tethys. This pluton develops enclaves of mafic granulite, amphibolite and quartzofeldspathic rocks, and is cut by massive monzonitic leuco-granite veins. Zircon and monazite U-Pb dating for the cordierite granite, the granulite enclaves and a massive monzonitic leuco-granite vein reveal that the cordierite granitic magma was generated from Mesoproterozoic continental crust with protolith derived from a provenanee that was composed of 〉2.8 Ga old recycled crustal materials and re- corded a -1.7 Ga magmatic event. The continental crust underwent low-pressure granulite-facies metamorphism at -380 Ma ago, whereas the cordierite granite magmas was generated and emplaced during 380 Ma, followed by intrusion of the massive monzonitic leuco-granite vein at circa 370-330 Ma. These data suggest that after the final closure of Proto-Tethys Ocean spreading along the southern Qaidam Block at -420 Ma, break-off of the subducted slab or delamination of the lower crustal base and upwelling of the asthenospheric mantle beneath the southern Qaidam Block occurred before the Mid-Devonian, and that the initiation of the Paleo-Tethys tectonics might initiate near the end of Early-Carboniferous in the East Kunlun-Qaidam region, East Asia.
文摘Strict relation between the substituents or functional groups attached to the coal macromolecules and the generation of the volatile products, e.g., CH4 H2O, CO, CO2, etc., during the coal pyrolysis is an important but confusing subject. In this paper, quadrupole mass spectronletry, gas chromatography, and ^l3C nuclear magnetic resonance are applied to real-time monitoring the formations of volatile products, off-line quantitative determination of the total products from the pyrolysis of a sub-bituminous coal (SC), and the changes of diverse substitents in the SC along with coke foamation, respectively. These measurements are also performed for the pyrolysis of a caking coal to contrast SC. The qualitative and quantitative data reveal that, during coal pyrolysis, the functional groups related with the formation of CO, i.e., ether, carbonyl, and anhydride, can directly gen erate CO via bond breaking, or take a detour of the formation of other intermediates via condensation and recombination firstly. Moreover, the formations of CO2 and CH4 are related to the direct removal of -COO- and -CH3,respectively.
文摘BACKGROUND: Acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging is a new elastography method for the evaluation of tissue stiffness. This study aims to evaluate the performance of ARFI in noninvasive assessment of the tissue stiffness of focal liver lesion (FLL) and to explore its potential value in the differential diagnosis of FLL. METHODS: ARFI was performed in 140 patients with 154 FLLs, which included 28 hemangiomas (ANGIs), 14 focal nodular hyperplasias (FNHs), 61 hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), 39 metastases and 12 cholangiocellular carcinomas (CCCs). Virtual touch tissue quantification (VTTQ) values were obtained, analyzed and compared. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and optimal cut-off values were obtained using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to assess diagnostic performance. All cases were definitively diagnosed using histopathology, CT, MRI or contrast-enhanced ultrasound. RESULTS: The VTTQ median values of ANGI, FNH, HCC metastasis and CCC were 1.30, 1.80, 2.52, 3.08 and 3.89 m/s respectively. A significant increase in the VTTQ values of different lesions was observed: ANGI【FNH【HCC【metastasis 【CCC (P【0.001). The AUROC (95% CI) of VTTQ values was 0.94 (0.90-0.98) for ANGI, 0.91 (0.87-0.96) for malignant lesions and 0.87 (0.79-0.94) for CCC. The sensitivity and specificity for ANGI (86.5%, 89.3%, respectively), malignancy (81.3% 92.9%, respectively), and CCC (91.7%, 72.5%, respectively) were associated with VTTQ cut-off values of 1.76, 2.22 and 3.00 m/s respectively.CONCLUSIONS: ARFI can accurately and objectively assess the elasticity of lesions by obtaining the shear wave elastic value of FLL with VTTQ. Therefore, ARFI is a novel, simple, noninvasive and useful diagnostic method for the characterization of FLL.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31900372)Tangjiahe National Nature Reserve,Yushu Prefecture Forestry and Grassland Bureau,“One Yangtze”Project of Huatai Securities(HTSC)the State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol(Sun Yat-Sen University)。
文摘As a top predator,the Eurasian otter(Lutra lutra)is an indicator of healthy freshwater ecosystems and a flagship species for conservation.Once widespread in China,the species is now distributed mainly in the upper reaches of the great rivers of western China.However,a lack of knowledge on local otter populations continues to hinder their conservation in China.Here,we conducted a detailed study on habitat use of Eurasian otters in Yushu City and Tangjiahe National Nature Reserve in western China using transect surveys.At both study sites,otters preferred to defecate on large rocks close to or protruding from the river and about 50 cm above the waterline.In Yushu,no spraints were found along the 5 km river bank section in the downtown area,with otters preferring sprainting sites with natural banks,riparian zones,and lower human population density.However,this pattern was not obvious at Tangjiahe,where river transformation and human disturbance are minor.Otter river use intensity was negatively correlated with elevation and human population density in Yushu in both seasons.In Tangjiahe,otter river use intensity was positively correlated with prey mass and flow rate and negatively correlated with human population in spring,but positively correlated with human population and negatively correlated with flow rate in autumn.These results reflect the flexible habitat use strategies of otters at different sites,underlining the necessity to study otters living in different regions and habitat types.We provide suggestions for river modification and call for more site-specific studies to promote otter conservation in China.
