DeepSeek,a Chinese artificial intelligence(AI)startup,has released their V3 and R1 series models,which attracted global attention due to their low cost,high performance,and open-source advantages.This paper begins by ...DeepSeek,a Chinese artificial intelligence(AI)startup,has released their V3 and R1 series models,which attracted global attention due to their low cost,high performance,and open-source advantages.This paper begins by reviewing the evolution of large AI models focusing on paradigm shifts,the mainstream large language model(LLM)paradigm,and the DeepSeek paradigm.Subsequently,the paper highlights novel algorithms introduced by DeepSeek,including multi-head latent attention(MLA),mixture-of-experts(MoE),multi-token prediction(MTP),and group relative policy optimization(GRPO).The paper then explores DeepSeek's engineering breakthroughs in LLM scaling,training,inference,and system-level optimization architecture.Moreover,the impact of DeepSeek models on the competitive AI landscape is analyzed,comparing them to mainstream LLMs across various fields.Finally,the paper reflects on the insights gained from DeepSeek's innovations and discusses future trends in the technical and engineering development of large AI models,particularly in data,training,and reasoning.展开更多
为选育高产纤维素酶菌株,试验以绿色木霉(Trichoderma viride, T. viride)ZD1为原始菌株进行紫外诱变,用刚果红染色法初筛突变菌株,得到6株突变株酶活性大于出发菌株,结合稳定性试验,获得1株纤维素酶活性较大且稳定遗传的突变株TVG20。...为选育高产纤维素酶菌株,试验以绿色木霉(Trichoderma viride, T. viride)ZD1为原始菌株进行紫外诱变,用刚果红染色法初筛突变菌株,得到6株突变株酶活性大于出发菌株,结合稳定性试验,获得1株纤维素酶活性较大且稳定遗传的突变株TVG20。在单因素试验基础上,通过响应面设计,对菌株TVG20的产酶液态发酵条件进行优化。结果得到最佳产酶条件为碳源3.6%小麦秸秆、氮源3%酵母浸粉,在接种量10%、温度32℃、初始pH 5.1、发酵时间4 d条件下,菌株TVG20产纤维素酶活性达0.311 U/mL,比原始菌株提高53.960%。说明绿色木霉突变株TVG20在液态发酵产纤维素酶能力强且遗传性状稳定,有工业深入开发的潜力。展开更多
【目的】查明红九棘鲈胚胎发育时序及仔、稚鱼形态特征变化,为建立批量化人工育苗技术、制定规模化繁育策略奠定基础。【方法】利用体视显微镜对红九棘鲈胚胎发育及仔、稚鱼发育过程进行观察和图像采集,记录分析其各时期的形态特征和发...【目的】查明红九棘鲈胚胎发育时序及仔、稚鱼形态特征变化,为建立批量化人工育苗技术、制定规模化繁育策略奠定基础。【方法】利用体视显微镜对红九棘鲈胚胎发育及仔、稚鱼发育过程进行观察和图像采集,记录分析其各时期的形态特征和发育特点。【结果】红九棘鲈受精卵属浮性卵,呈现透明球状,平均卵径(864.5±29.6)μm。受精卵中央具油球1个,油球平均直径(174.2±5.3)μm。受精卵经历卵裂、囊胚、原肠胚、神经胚、器官形成和孵化等6个阶段,历时24 h 30 min完成胚胎发育。初孵仔鱼平均全长(1.84±0.11)mm,仔鱼孵化3 d后卵黄囊消失,转变为外源性营养,成为晚期仔鱼;晚期仔鱼发育至24日龄时全长(16.83±2.38)mm,各鳍鳍条形成,变态成为稚鱼;稚鱼期开始出现鳞片和体色,生长速率加快,组织、器官形态分化更加完善,60日龄稚鱼全长(65.83±6.71)mm,各器官发育完善,体色为暗红色,特征与成鱼类似。【结论】本研究首次系统揭示了红九棘鲈胚胎至稚鱼阶段的发育规律,查明了胚胎发育时序、胚后阶段划分标准及关键生长参数。研究结果为建立红九棘鲈苗种规模化生产技术提供了理论基础,对减少野生资源依赖、开发适合工厂化和深远海养殖的名贵鱼类具有重要意义。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62233005,62293502,U2441245,62176185,U23B2057,62306112)the STCSM Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan Computational Biology Program(24JS2830400)+2 种基金the State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology,China(ICT2024A22)the Shanghai Sailing Program(23YF1409400)the National Science and Technology Major Project(2024ZD0532403).
文摘DeepSeek,a Chinese artificial intelligence(AI)startup,has released their V3 and R1 series models,which attracted global attention due to their low cost,high performance,and open-source advantages.This paper begins by reviewing the evolution of large AI models focusing on paradigm shifts,the mainstream large language model(LLM)paradigm,and the DeepSeek paradigm.Subsequently,the paper highlights novel algorithms introduced by DeepSeek,including multi-head latent attention(MLA),mixture-of-experts(MoE),multi-token prediction(MTP),and group relative policy optimization(GRPO).The paper then explores DeepSeek's engineering breakthroughs in LLM scaling,training,inference,and system-level optimization architecture.Moreover,the impact of DeepSeek models on the competitive AI landscape is analyzed,comparing them to mainstream LLMs across various fields.Finally,the paper reflects on the insights gained from DeepSeek's innovations and discusses future trends in the technical and engineering development of large AI models,particularly in data,training,and reasoning.
文摘【目的】查明红九棘鲈胚胎发育时序及仔、稚鱼形态特征变化,为建立批量化人工育苗技术、制定规模化繁育策略奠定基础。【方法】利用体视显微镜对红九棘鲈胚胎发育及仔、稚鱼发育过程进行观察和图像采集,记录分析其各时期的形态特征和发育特点。【结果】红九棘鲈受精卵属浮性卵,呈现透明球状,平均卵径(864.5±29.6)μm。受精卵中央具油球1个,油球平均直径(174.2±5.3)μm。受精卵经历卵裂、囊胚、原肠胚、神经胚、器官形成和孵化等6个阶段,历时24 h 30 min完成胚胎发育。初孵仔鱼平均全长(1.84±0.11)mm,仔鱼孵化3 d后卵黄囊消失,转变为外源性营养,成为晚期仔鱼;晚期仔鱼发育至24日龄时全长(16.83±2.38)mm,各鳍鳍条形成,变态成为稚鱼;稚鱼期开始出现鳞片和体色,生长速率加快,组织、器官形态分化更加完善,60日龄稚鱼全长(65.83±6.71)mm,各器官发育完善,体色为暗红色,特征与成鱼类似。【结论】本研究首次系统揭示了红九棘鲈胚胎至稚鱼阶段的发育规律,查明了胚胎发育时序、胚后阶段划分标准及关键生长参数。研究结果为建立红九棘鲈苗种规模化生产技术提供了理论基础,对减少野生资源依赖、开发适合工厂化和深远海养殖的名贵鱼类具有重要意义。
