This editorial is stimulated by the article by Alqifari et al published in the World Journal of Diabetes(2024).Alqifari et al focus on practical advice for the clinical use of glucagon-like-peptide-1(GLP-1)receptor ag...This editorial is stimulated by the article by Alqifari et al published in the World Journal of Diabetes(2024).Alqifari et al focus on practical advice for the clinical use of glucagon-like-peptide-1(GLP-1)receptor agonists(GLP-1RAs)in the management of type 2 diabetes and this editorial provides complementary information.We initially give a brief historical perspective of the development of GLP-1RAs stimulated by recognition of the‘incretin effect’,the substantially greater insulin increase to enteral when compared to euglycaemic intravenous glucose,and the identification of the incretin hormones,GIP and GLP-1.In addition to stimulating insulin,GLP-1 reduces postprandial glucose levels by slowing gastric emptying.GLP-1RAs were developed because native GLP-1 has a very short plasma half-life.The majority of current GLP-1RAs are administered by subcutaneous injection once a week.They are potent in glucose lowering without leading to hypoglycaemia,stimulate weight loss in obese individuals and lead to cardiovascular and renal protection.The landscape in relation to GLP-1RAs is broadening rapidly,with different formulations and their combination with other peptides to facilitate both glucose lowering and weight loss.There is a need for more information relating to the effects of GLP-1RAs to induce gastrointestinal symptoms and slow gastric emptying which is likely to allow their use to become more effective and personalised.展开更多
The global consumption of p-xylene(PX)for the production of polymers has raised serious concerns about its impact on the environment.As various reports have shown the risks that PX could pose to human health,research ...The global consumption of p-xylene(PX)for the production of polymers has raised serious concerns about its impact on the environment.As various reports have shown the risks that PX could pose to human health,research into cost-effective remedial methods to remove PX from the environment has gained attraction.In this work,a hierarchical porous crab shell biochar(KCS)was synthesized,characterized,and evaluated for its efficiency to remove PX from aqueous solution.The characterizations of KCS,including the porous structure,surface functional group,phase structure,and surface morphology,were discussed by N_(2) adsorption-desorption,FTIR,XRD,and SEM.Batch adsorption experiments showed that the maximum adsorption capacity of PX on KCS was 393 mg/g within 5 min,larger than most biological/biomass materials,mainly due to the higher specific surface area of 2046 m^(2)/g,and abundant lipophilic functional groups.Subsequent adsorption kinetics study indicated a pseudo-second-order model which implied that the adsorption of PX was due to chemisorption.Thermodynamic parameters showed that the values ofΔH°andΔG°were both negative,indicating that the PX adsorption process on KCS was spontaneous and exothermic.The performance of KCS in delivering a cost-effective,fast,and efficient solution for the removal of PX from aqueous solution would greatly benefit current environmental remediation efforts.展开更多
Recently,the roles of pyroptosis,a form of cell death induced by activated NODlike receptor protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome,in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy(DCM)have been extensively investigated.However,mo...Recently,the roles of pyroptosis,a form of cell death induced by activated NODlike receptor protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome,in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy(DCM)have been extensively investigated.However,most studies have focused mainly on whether diabetes increases the NLRP3 inflammasome and associated pyroptosis in the heart of type 1 or type 2 diabetic rodent models,and whether various medications and natural products prevent the development of DCM,associated with decreased levels of cardiac NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis.The direct link of NLRP3 inflammasome and associated pyroptosis to the pathogenesis of DCM remains unclear based on the limited evidence derived from the available studies,with the approaches of NLRP3 gene silencing or pharmaceutical application of NLRP3 specific inhibitors.We thus emphasize the requirement for more systematic studies that are designed to provide direct evidence to support the link,given that several studies have provided both direct and indirect evidence under specific conditions.This editorial emphasizes that the current investigation should be circumspect in its conclusion,i.e.,not overemphasizing its role in the pathogenesis of DCM with the fact of only significantly increased expression or activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis in the heart of diabetic rodent models.Only clear-cut evidence-based causative roles of NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis in the pathogenesis of DCM can help to develop effective and safe medications for the clinical management of DCM,targeting these biomarkers.展开更多
To investigate the influence of snow particle rotational motion on the accumulation of snow in the bogie region of high-speed trains,an Euler‒Lagrange numerical approach is adopted.The study examines the effects of sn...To investigate the influence of snow particle rotational motion on the accumulation of snow in the bogie region of high-speed trains,an Euler‒Lagrange numerical approach is adopted.The study examines the effects of snow particle diameter and train speed on the ensuing dynamics.It is shown that considering snow particle rotational motion causes significant deviation in the particle trajectories with respect to non-rotating particles.Such a deviation increases with larger snow particle diameters and higher train speeds.The snow accumulation on the overall surface of the bogie increases,and the amount of snow on the vibration reduction device varies greatly.In certain conditions,the amount of accumulated snow can increase by several orders of magnitudes.展开更多
In this study,the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes algorithm coupled with the Discrete Phase Model(DPM)was used to study the accumulation of snow in the bogie region of a high-speed train under crosswind cond...In this study,the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes algorithm coupled with the Discrete Phase Model(DPM)was used to study the accumulation of snow in the bogie region of a high-speed train under crosswind conditions.Moreover,the impact of active blowing schemes on the airflow around the bogie and the dynamics and deposition of snow particles were also assessed.According to the results:in the crosswind environment,active blowing changes the flow field in the bogie area,reducing the flow of air coming from the windward side and bottom of the bogie.The trajectory of snow particles carried by crosswinds is modified due to the reduced airflow into the bogie region.With no active blowing,snow accumulation is mainly concentrated in the bogie cavity,frame,and primary suspension;while it is reduced by nearly an order of magnitude as soon as blowing is enabled.Blowing speeds need to be distributed appropriately in order to achieve the best possible snow protection.Continuously increasing the blowing speed on one side does not improve the amount of snow in the bogie region.The optimal condition for snow prevention of the entire train is achieved with a windward side blowing speed of 4 m/s and a leeward side blowing speed of 6 m/s,resulting in a snow reduction rate of 95.6%.Moreover,higher blowing speeds on the leeward side are beneficial for mitigating snow accumulation in the bogie region.展开更多
In this editorial,we comment on the article by He et al,specifically in relation to the efficacy of bariatric surgery vs glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist(GLP-1RA)therapy in the management of type 2 diabetes(T2...In this editorial,we comment on the article by He et al,specifically in relation to the efficacy of bariatric surgery vs glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist(GLP-1RA)therapy in the management of type 2 diabetes(T2D)associated with obesity.Bariatric surgery has now also been shown to be safe and effective in pre-teens and teenagers with obesity and T2D,but information on newer GLP-1RAs in these groups is predictably limited.In older individuals(age>65 years),both bariatric surgery and GLP-1RA therapy improve cardiovascular outcomes.Baria-tric surgery is not infrequently associated with post-operative postprandial hypoglycemia,which is not the case with GLP-1RAs and,paradoxically,there is evidence that GLP-1RAs may reduce both the frequency and severity of postprandial hypoglycemia.Comparative trials of the long-term efficacy of bariatric surgery and GLP-1RAs are indicated.展开更多
To investigate the deposition distribution of snow particles in the bogie surfaces of a high-speed train,a snow particle deposition model,based on the critical capture velocity and the critical shear velocity,was elab...To investigate the deposition distribution of snow particles in the bogie surfaces of a high-speed train,a snow particle deposition model,based on the critical capture velocity and the critical shear velocity,was elaborated.Simulations based on the unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS)approach coupled with Discrete Phase Model(DPM)were used to analyze the motion of snow particles.The results show that the cross beam of the bogie frame,the anti-snake damper,the intermediate brake clamps in the rear wheels,the traction rod and the anti-rolling torsion bar are prone to accumulate snow.The accumulation mass relating to the vertical surface in the rear region,horizontal surface in the front region and the corner area of the bogie is high.The average snow accumulation mass for each component ordered from high to low is as follow:traction rod,frame,bolster,brake clamp 2,anti-rolling torsion bar,brake clamp 1,transverse damper,axle box 2,axle box 1,air spring,anti-snake damper,tread cleaning device.The snow accumulation mass on the front components of the bogie is more significant than that relating to the rear components.Particularly,the average snow accumulation mass of rear brake clamp 2 and axle box 2 is about twice as high as that of the front brake clamp 1 and axle box 1.展开更多
Objective:To explore the core acupoints and combination rules of acupuncture therapy for postoperative urinary retention after hemorrhoidectomy,and,further to analyze the characteristics of the prescription of acupunc...Objective:To explore the core acupoints and combination rules of acupuncture therapy for postoperative urinary retention after hemorrhoidectomy,and,further to analyze the characteristics of the prescription of acupuncture therapy for postoperative urinary retention after hemorrhoidectomy.Methods:Relevant clinical studies in seven databases were searched systematically from database inception to 1 st October 2020.Based on data mining techniques,the core acupoints,characteristics and combination rules of acupuncture therapy for postoperative urinary retention after hemorrhoidectomy were analyzed comprehensively.Statistics collected and analysis of acupoint selection included the frequency of usage of acupoints,the meridian of acupoints,the location of acupoints and the combination of acupoints.Cluster and association analysis were performed utilizing Excel 13.0 and SPSS 26.0.Results:In the 36 studies included,the most frequently adopted acupoint was Sānyīnjiāo(三阴交 SP6);the most frequently adopted meridian was the foot-taiyin spleen meridian;the most frequently involved location was the lower limbs;and the most frequently adopted combination of acupoints was SP6 and Zhōngjí(中极CV 3).Cluster analysis showed that the acupoints could be divided into three categories:the first group comprised SP6 alone;the second group included CV3,Guānyuán(关元CV4),Yīnlíngquán(阴陵泉SP9) and Zúsānlǐ(足三里ST36);and the third group included Pángguāngshū(膀胱俞BL28),Chéngshān(承山BL57),Tàichōng(太冲LR3),Zhìbiān(秩边 BL54),Tàixī(太溪KI6),Hégǔ(合谷 LI4),Xuèhǎi(血海SP10),Qìhǎi(气海CV6) and Shǔidào(水道ST28).Conclusion:It was found that acupuncture therapy for postoperative urinary retention after hemorrhoidectomy mainly follows the four characteristic rules:the selection of acupoints following the meridian,selection of acupoints at local points,selection of acupoints at distal points and selection of acupoints according to special symptoms.展开更多
In this study,a porous biochar material derived from waste crab shell was prepared by one-step hydrothermal carbonization and acetic acid activation method at 180°C,which was characterized by SEM,BET,XRD and FTIR...In this study,a porous biochar material derived from waste crab shell was prepared by one-step hydrothermal carbonization and acetic acid activation method at 180°C,which was characterized by SEM,BET,XRD and FTIR.The results show that the as-prepared crab shell biochar(CSB)exhibits a fluffy irregular layered structure with abundant pores and oxygen-containing functional groups,which can facilitate the adsorption of diesel using CSB.In addition,batch adsorption experiments had been performed,effects of initial diesel concentration,adsorption time,adsorbent dosage and pH on the diesel adsorption using CSB were analyzed,which could be observed that CSB has high removal efficiency for diesel,and the maximum removal rate is up to 80.1%.The adsorption isotherms and kinetic studies were also investigated to determine the adsorption mechanism of diesel using CSB,the results show that the Langmuir model and the pseudo-second-order model are more suitable for describing the adsorption of diesel using CSB,indicating that the adsorption of diesel oil by CSB is monolayer chemical adsorption.This study will provide a theoretical basis for the high-value utilization of waste crab shell,which has a great potential in the treatment of oil spill.展开更多
文摘This editorial is stimulated by the article by Alqifari et al published in the World Journal of Diabetes(2024).Alqifari et al focus on practical advice for the clinical use of glucagon-like-peptide-1(GLP-1)receptor agonists(GLP-1RAs)in the management of type 2 diabetes and this editorial provides complementary information.We initially give a brief historical perspective of the development of GLP-1RAs stimulated by recognition of the‘incretin effect’,the substantially greater insulin increase to enteral when compared to euglycaemic intravenous glucose,and the identification of the incretin hormones,GIP and GLP-1.In addition to stimulating insulin,GLP-1 reduces postprandial glucose levels by slowing gastric emptying.GLP-1RAs were developed because native GLP-1 has a very short plasma half-life.The majority of current GLP-1RAs are administered by subcutaneous injection once a week.They are potent in glucose lowering without leading to hypoglycaemia,stimulate weight loss in obese individuals and lead to cardiovascular and renal protection.The landscape in relation to GLP-1RAs is broadening rapidly,with different formulations and their combination with other peptides to facilitate both glucose lowering and weight loss.There is a need for more information relating to the effects of GLP-1RAs to induce gastrointestinal symptoms and slow gastric emptying which is likely to allow their use to become more effective and personalised.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province of China(No.LQ16D060004)Key Research and Development Projects of Zhejiang Province of China(No.2018C02043)+1 种基金Demonstration Project of Marine Economic Innovation and Development of Zhoushan City of ChinaDemonstration Project of Marine Economic Innovation and Development of Yantai City of China(No.YHCX-SW-L-201705).
文摘The global consumption of p-xylene(PX)for the production of polymers has raised serious concerns about its impact on the environment.As various reports have shown the risks that PX could pose to human health,research into cost-effective remedial methods to remove PX from the environment has gained attraction.In this work,a hierarchical porous crab shell biochar(KCS)was synthesized,characterized,and evaluated for its efficiency to remove PX from aqueous solution.The characterizations of KCS,including the porous structure,surface functional group,phase structure,and surface morphology,were discussed by N_(2) adsorption-desorption,FTIR,XRD,and SEM.Batch adsorption experiments showed that the maximum adsorption capacity of PX on KCS was 393 mg/g within 5 min,larger than most biological/biomass materials,mainly due to the higher specific surface area of 2046 m^(2)/g,and abundant lipophilic functional groups.Subsequent adsorption kinetics study indicated a pseudo-second-order model which implied that the adsorption of PX was due to chemisorption.Thermodynamic parameters showed that the values ofΔH°andΔG°were both negative,indicating that the PX adsorption process on KCS was spontaneous and exothermic.The performance of KCS in delivering a cost-effective,fast,and efficient solution for the removal of PX from aqueous solution would greatly benefit current environmental remediation efforts.
文摘Recently,the roles of pyroptosis,a form of cell death induced by activated NODlike receptor protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome,in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy(DCM)have been extensively investigated.However,most studies have focused mainly on whether diabetes increases the NLRP3 inflammasome and associated pyroptosis in the heart of type 1 or type 2 diabetic rodent models,and whether various medications and natural products prevent the development of DCM,associated with decreased levels of cardiac NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis.The direct link of NLRP3 inflammasome and associated pyroptosis to the pathogenesis of DCM remains unclear based on the limited evidence derived from the available studies,with the approaches of NLRP3 gene silencing or pharmaceutical application of NLRP3 specific inhibitors.We thus emphasize the requirement for more systematic studies that are designed to provide direct evidence to support the link,given that several studies have provided both direct and indirect evidence under specific conditions.This editorial emphasizes that the current investigation should be circumspect in its conclusion,i.e.,not overemphasizing its role in the pathogenesis of DCM with the fact of only significantly increased expression or activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis in the heart of diabetic rodent models.Only clear-cut evidence-based causative roles of NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis in the pathogenesis of DCM can help to develop effective and safe medications for the clinical management of DCM,targeting these biomarkers.
基金funded by The National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12172308)the Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Hunan(Grant No.2023JJ40260).
文摘To investigate the influence of snow particle rotational motion on the accumulation of snow in the bogie region of high-speed trains,an Euler‒Lagrange numerical approach is adopted.The study examines the effects of snow particle diameter and train speed on the ensuing dynamics.It is shown that considering snow particle rotational motion causes significant deviation in the particle trajectories with respect to non-rotating particles.Such a deviation increases with larger snow particle diameters and higher train speeds.The snow accumulation on the overall surface of the bogie increases,and the amount of snow on the vibration reduction device varies greatly.In certain conditions,the amount of accumulated snow can increase by several orders of magnitudes.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12172308)the Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Hunan(Grant No.2023JJ40260).
文摘In this study,the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes algorithm coupled with the Discrete Phase Model(DPM)was used to study the accumulation of snow in the bogie region of a high-speed train under crosswind conditions.Moreover,the impact of active blowing schemes on the airflow around the bogie and the dynamics and deposition of snow particles were also assessed.According to the results:in the crosswind environment,active blowing changes the flow field in the bogie area,reducing the flow of air coming from the windward side and bottom of the bogie.The trajectory of snow particles carried by crosswinds is modified due to the reduced airflow into the bogie region.With no active blowing,snow accumulation is mainly concentrated in the bogie cavity,frame,and primary suspension;while it is reduced by nearly an order of magnitude as soon as blowing is enabled.Blowing speeds need to be distributed appropriately in order to achieve the best possible snow protection.Continuously increasing the blowing speed on one side does not improve the amount of snow in the bogie region.The optimal condition for snow prevention of the entire train is achieved with a windward side blowing speed of 4 m/s and a leeward side blowing speed of 6 m/s,resulting in a snow reduction rate of 95.6%.Moreover,higher blowing speeds on the leeward side are beneficial for mitigating snow accumulation in the bogie region.
文摘In this editorial,we comment on the article by He et al,specifically in relation to the efficacy of bariatric surgery vs glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist(GLP-1RA)therapy in the management of type 2 diabetes(T2D)associated with obesity.Bariatric surgery has now also been shown to be safe and effective in pre-teens and teenagers with obesity and T2D,but information on newer GLP-1RAs in these groups is predictably limited.In older individuals(age>65 years),both bariatric surgery and GLP-1RA therapy improve cardiovascular outcomes.Baria-tric surgery is not infrequently associated with post-operative postprandial hypoglycemia,which is not the case with GLP-1RAs and,paradoxically,there is evidence that GLP-1RAs may reduce both the frequency and severity of postprandial hypoglycemia.Comparative trials of the long-term efficacy of bariatric surgery and GLP-1RAs are indicated.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China[Grant No.2016YFB1200402].
文摘To investigate the deposition distribution of snow particles in the bogie surfaces of a high-speed train,a snow particle deposition model,based on the critical capture velocity and the critical shear velocity,was elaborated.Simulations based on the unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS)approach coupled with Discrete Phase Model(DPM)were used to analyze the motion of snow particles.The results show that the cross beam of the bogie frame,the anti-snake damper,the intermediate brake clamps in the rear wheels,the traction rod and the anti-rolling torsion bar are prone to accumulate snow.The accumulation mass relating to the vertical surface in the rear region,horizontal surface in the front region and the corner area of the bogie is high.The average snow accumulation mass for each component ordered from high to low is as follow:traction rod,frame,bolster,brake clamp 2,anti-rolling torsion bar,brake clamp 1,transverse damper,axle box 2,axle box 1,air spring,anti-snake damper,tread cleaning device.The snow accumulation mass on the front components of the bogie is more significant than that relating to the rear components.Particularly,the average snow accumulation mass of rear brake clamp 2 and axle box 2 is about twice as high as that of the front brake clamp 1 and axle box 1.
文摘Objective:To explore the core acupoints and combination rules of acupuncture therapy for postoperative urinary retention after hemorrhoidectomy,and,further to analyze the characteristics of the prescription of acupuncture therapy for postoperative urinary retention after hemorrhoidectomy.Methods:Relevant clinical studies in seven databases were searched systematically from database inception to 1 st October 2020.Based on data mining techniques,the core acupoints,characteristics and combination rules of acupuncture therapy for postoperative urinary retention after hemorrhoidectomy were analyzed comprehensively.Statistics collected and analysis of acupoint selection included the frequency of usage of acupoints,the meridian of acupoints,the location of acupoints and the combination of acupoints.Cluster and association analysis were performed utilizing Excel 13.0 and SPSS 26.0.Results:In the 36 studies included,the most frequently adopted acupoint was Sānyīnjiāo(三阴交 SP6);the most frequently adopted meridian was the foot-taiyin spleen meridian;the most frequently involved location was the lower limbs;and the most frequently adopted combination of acupoints was SP6 and Zhōngjí(中极CV 3).Cluster analysis showed that the acupoints could be divided into three categories:the first group comprised SP6 alone;the second group included CV3,Guānyuán(关元CV4),Yīnlíngquán(阴陵泉SP9) and Zúsānlǐ(足三里ST36);and the third group included Pángguāngshū(膀胱俞BL28),Chéngshān(承山BL57),Tàichōng(太冲LR3),Zhìbiān(秩边 BL54),Tàixī(太溪KI6),Hégǔ(合谷 LI4),Xuèhǎi(血海SP10),Qìhǎi(气海CV6) and Shǔidào(水道ST28).Conclusion:It was found that acupuncture therapy for postoperative urinary retention after hemorrhoidectomy mainly follows the four characteristic rules:the selection of acupoints following the meridian,selection of acupoints at local points,selection of acupoints at distal points and selection of acupoints according to special symptoms.
基金This study was supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for Zhejiang Provincial Universities and Research Institutes(Nos.2019J00045,2019J00025)the General Research Project of Zhejiang Province Education Department(No.Y202044721)Key Research and Development Projects of Zhejiang Province of China(No.2018C02043).
文摘In this study,a porous biochar material derived from waste crab shell was prepared by one-step hydrothermal carbonization and acetic acid activation method at 180°C,which was characterized by SEM,BET,XRD and FTIR.The results show that the as-prepared crab shell biochar(CSB)exhibits a fluffy irregular layered structure with abundant pores and oxygen-containing functional groups,which can facilitate the adsorption of diesel using CSB.In addition,batch adsorption experiments had been performed,effects of initial diesel concentration,adsorption time,adsorbent dosage and pH on the diesel adsorption using CSB were analyzed,which could be observed that CSB has high removal efficiency for diesel,and the maximum removal rate is up to 80.1%.The adsorption isotherms and kinetic studies were also investigated to determine the adsorption mechanism of diesel using CSB,the results show that the Langmuir model and the pseudo-second-order model are more suitable for describing the adsorption of diesel using CSB,indicating that the adsorption of diesel oil by CSB is monolayer chemical adsorption.This study will provide a theoretical basis for the high-value utilization of waste crab shell,which has a great potential in the treatment of oil spill.
