Due to the difficulty in accurately identifying structural variants(SVs) across genomes,their impact on cisregulato ry diverge n ce of closely related species,especially fish,remains to be explored.Recently identified...Due to the difficulty in accurately identifying structural variants(SVs) across genomes,their impact on cisregulato ry diverge n ce of closely related species,especially fish,remains to be explored.Recently identified broad H3K4me3 domains are essential for the regulation of genes involved in several biological processes.However,the role of broad H3K4me3 domains in phenotypic divergence remains poorly understood.Siniperca chuatsi and S.scherzeri are closely related but divergent in several phenotypic traits,making them an ideal model to study cis-regulatory evolution in sister species.Here,we generated chromosome-level genomes of S.chuatsi and S.scherzeri,with assembled genome sizes of 716.35 and740.54 Mb,respectively.The evolutionary histories of S.chuatsi and S.scherzeri were studied by inferring dynamic changes in ancestral population sizes.To explore the genetic basis of adaptation in S.chuatsi and S.scherzeri,we performed gene family expansion and contraction analysis and identified positively selected genes(PSGs).To investigate the role of SVs in cis-regulatory divergence of closely related fish species,we identified high-quality SVs as well as divergent H3K27ac and H3K4me3 domains in the genomes of S.chuatsi and S.scherzeri.Integrated analysis revealed that cis-regulatory divergence caused by SVs played an essential role in phenotypic divergence between S.chuatsi and S.scherzeri.Additionally,divergent broad H3K4me3 domains were mostly associated with cancer-related genes in S.chuatsi and S.scherzeri and contributed to their phenotypic divergence.展开更多
The time-dependent behavior of the left bank abutment slope at Jinping I hydropower station has a major influence on the normal operation and long-term safety of the hydropower station. To solve this problem, a geomec...The time-dependent behavior of the left bank abutment slope at Jinping I hydropower station has a major influence on the normal operation and long-term safety of the hydropower station. To solve this problem, a geomechanical model containing various faults and weak structural planes is established, and numerical simulation is conducted under normal water load condition using FLAC3D, incorporating creep model proposed based on thermodynamics with internal state variables theory. The creep deformations of the left bank abutment slope are obtained, and the changes of principal stresses and deformations of the dam body are analyzed. The long-term stability of the left bank abutment slope is evaluated according to the integral curves of energy dissipation rate in domain and its derivative with respect to time, and the non-equilibrium evolution rules and the characteristic time can also be determined using these curves. Numerical results show that the left bank abutment slope tends to be stable in a global sense, and the stress concentration is released. It is also indicated that more attention should be paid to some weak regions within the slope in the long-term deformation process.展开更多
Multi-principal element alloys(MPEAs)composed of thermally stable high-density cuboidal nanoparticles have revealed great potential for high-temperature applications.In this work,we systematically studied the growth b...Multi-principal element alloys(MPEAs)composed of thermally stable high-density cuboidal nanoparticles have revealed great potential for high-temperature applications.In this work,we systematically studied the growth behavior and coarsening kinetics of the cuboidal nanoparticles in Ni_(44)Co_(22)Cr_(22)Al_(6)Nb_(6) MPEA.In the initial stage of isothermal aging,the nanoparticles exhibit growth and split behavior,resulting in the improvement of mechanical performance,then the cuboidal nanoparticles retain superior thermal and mechanical stability during long-term isothermal aging.The 288 kJ/mol activation energy of Ni_(44)Co_(22)Cr_(22)Al_(6)Nb_(6) MPEA,which is higher than that in Ni-based superalloys,reveals the obvious elemental sluggish diffusion in Ni_(44)Co_(22)Cr_(22)Al_(6)Nb_(6) MPEA.Meanwhile,coarsening rate constant determined by the volume diffusion mechanism in Ni_(44)Co_(22)Cr_(22)Al_(6)Nb_(6) MPEA is 1–2 orders of magnitude less than that of the traditional Ni-based superalloys.The shortterm regulation and long-term stability of the cuboidal nanoparticles endow the Ni_(44)Co_(22)Cr_(22)Al_(6)Nb_(6) MPEA with superior mechanical performance and thermal stability for high temperature applications.展开更多
Titanium alloy has the advantages of high strength,strong corrosion resistance,excellent high and low temperature mechanical properties,etc.,and is widely used in aerospace,shipbuilding,weapons and equipment,and other...Titanium alloy has the advantages of high strength,strong corrosion resistance,excellent high and low temperature mechanical properties,etc.,and is widely used in aerospace,shipbuilding,weapons and equipment,and other fields.In recent years,with the continuous increase in demand for medium-thick plate titanium alloys,corresponding welding technologies have also continued to develop.Therefore,this article reviews the research progress of deep penetration welding technology for medium-thick plate titanium alloys,mainly covering traditional arc welding,high-energy beam welding,and other welding technologies.Among many methods,narrow gap welding,hybrid welding,and external energy field assistance welding all contribute to improving the welding efficiency and quality of medium-thick plate titanium alloys.Finally,the development trend of deep penetration welding technology for mediumthick plate titanium alloys is prospected.展开更多
All-solid-state Li batteries(ASSLBs)using solid electrolytes(SEs)have gained significant attention in recent years considering the safety issue and their high energy density.Despite these advantages,the commercializat...All-solid-state Li batteries(ASSLBs)using solid electrolytes(SEs)have gained significant attention in recent years considering the safety issue and their high energy density.Despite these advantages,the commercialization of ASSLBs still faces challenges regarding the electrolyte/electrodes interfaces and growth of Li dendrites.Elemental doping is an effective and direct method to enhance the performance of SEs.Here,we report an Al-F co-doping strategy to improve the overall properties including ion conductivity,high voltage stability,and cathode and anode compatibility.Particularly,the Al-F co-doping enables the formation of a thin Li-Al alloy layer and fluoride interphases,thereby constructing a relatively stable interface and promoting uniform Li deposition.The similar merits of Al-F co-doping are also revealed in the Li-argyrodite series.ASSLBs assembled with these optimized electrolytes gain good electrochemical performance,demonstrating the universality of Al-F co-doping towards advanced SEs.展开更多
Controlling the interaction between metal nanoparticles and the support is a means to tune catalytic activity and stability.Herein we investigated the influence of the morphology of hematite on the performance of gold...Controlling the interaction between metal nanoparticles and the support is a means to tune catalytic activity and stability.Herein we investigated the influence of the morphology of hematite on the performance of gold for CO oxidation.Nanosphere and nanorod forms of hematite,α-Fe_(2)O_(3)(S)andα-Fe_(2)O_(3)(R)respectively,were used to support gold nanoparticles.The surface ofα-Fe_(2)O_(3)(R)was more corrugated than that ofα-Fe_(2)O_(3)(S).These defects provide anchoring sites for gold nanoparticle deposition and stabilization.Due to the stronger gold-support interactions,Au/α-Fe_(2)O_(3)(R)contained smaller and more hemispherical gold particles than Au/α-Fe_(2)O_(3)(S).Au/α-Fe_(2)O_(3)(R)was not only more active in CO oxidation but also much more stable as evident from the small change in gold particle size during reaction.The higher reducibility of Au/α-Fe_(2)O_(3)(R)also contributed to the higher CO oxidation activity.展开更多
Density functional theory calculations were carried out to investigate the influence of doping transition metal(TM) ions into the ceria surface on the activation of surface lattice oxygen atoms. For this purpose, the ...Density functional theory calculations were carried out to investigate the influence of doping transition metal(TM) ions into the ceria surface on the activation of surface lattice oxygen atoms. For this purpose, the structure and stability of the most stable(111) surface termination of CeO2 modified by TM ions was determined. Except for Zr and Pt dopants that preserve octahedral oxygen coordination, the TM dopants prefer a square-planar coordination when substituting the surface Ce ions. The surface construction from octahedral to square-planar is facile for all TM dopants, except for Pt(1.14 e V) and Zr(square-planar coordination unstable). Typically, the ionic radius of tetravalent TM cations is much smaller than that of Ce4+, resulting a significant tensile-strained lattice and explaining the lowered oxygen vacancy formation energy. Except for Zr, the square-planar structure is the preferred one when one oxygen vacancy is created. Thermodynamic analysis shows that TM-doped CeO2 surfaces contain oxygen defects under typical conditions of environmental catalysis. A case of practical importance is the facile lattice oxygen activation in Zr-doped CeO2(111), which benefits CO oxidation. The findings emphasize the origin of lattice oxygen activation and the preferred location of TM dopants in TM-ceria solid solution catalysts.展开更多
Entanglement plays a key role in quantum physics, but how much information it can extract from many-body systems is still an open question, particularly regarding quantum criticalities and emergent symmetries. In this...Entanglement plays a key role in quantum physics, but how much information it can extract from many-body systems is still an open question, particularly regarding quantum criticalities and emergent symmetries. In this work, we systematically study the entanglement entropy(EE) and derivative entanglement entropy(DEE) near quantum phase transitions in various quantum many-body systems. A one-parameter scaling relation between the DEE and system size at the critical point has been derived for the first time, which successfully obtains the critical exponent via data collapse. Furthermore, we find that the EE peaks at the(emergent) symmetryenhanced first-order transition, reflecting higher symmetry breaking. This work provides a new paradigm for quantum many-body research from the perspective of EE and DEE.展开更多
Hybrid materials with synergistic properties have been used for various applications.Herein,we report a green biosynthesis strategy for the fabrication of a novel Pd/bacteria@ZIF-8 composite,featuring a sandwiched str...Hybrid materials with synergistic properties have been used for various applications.Herein,we report a green biosynthesis strategy for the fabrication of a novel Pd/bacteria@ZIF-8 composite,featuring a sandwiched structure and size-selective capabilities.The Shewanella oneidensis(S.oneidensis)MR-1 was selected as the biological reductant to reduce Pd ions and synthesize Pd nanoparticles anchored on the surface of bacteria without the need for additional chemical reductants,bonding agents and toxic surfactants.This innovative sandwiched Pd/bacteria@ZIF-8 catalyst was further coated by the ZIF-8 to enhance its structural integrity.The as-prepared composite exhibits significant catalytic activity and excellent size-selective performance in the hydrogenation of olefins.This methodology opens up a horizon to designing size-selective catalysts through constructing the sandwiched structure.展开更多
Metastasis remains the primary cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide.Circulating tumor cells(CTCs)represent critical targets for metastasis prevention and treatment.Traditional Chinese medicine may prevent lung ...Metastasis remains the primary cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide.Circulating tumor cells(CTCs)represent critical targets for metastasis prevention and treatment.Traditional Chinese medicine may prevent lung cancer metastasis through long-term intervention in CTC activity.Tiao-Shen-Zhi-Ai Formular(TSZAF)represents a Chinese medicine compound prescription utilized clinically for lung cancer treatment.This study combined three principal active ingredients from TSZAF into a novel TSZAF monomer combination(TSZAF mc)to investigate its anti-metastatic effects and mechanisms.TSZAF mc demonstrated significant inhibition of proliferation,migration,and invasion in CTC-TJH-01 and LLC cells,while inducing cellular apoptosis in vitro.Moreover,TSZAF mc substantially inhibited LLC cell growth and metastasis in vivo.Mechanistically,TAZSF mc significantly suppressed the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and CXCL5 expression in lung cancer cells and tissues.Additionally,TAZSF mc notably reduced neutrophil infiltration in metastatic lesions.These findings indicate that TSZAF mc inhibits lung cancer growth and metastasis by suppressing the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and reducing CXCL5 secretion,thereby decreasing neutrophil recruitment and infiltration.TSZAF mc demonstrates potential as an effective therapeutic agent for lung cancer metastasis.展开更多
Refractory high-entropy alloys(RHEAs)stand as promising candidates for the development of a new generation of hightemperature materials due to their exceptional mechanical properties.However,the inherent low ductility...Refractory high-entropy alloys(RHEAs)stand as promising candidates for the development of a new generation of hightemperature materials due to their exceptional mechanical properties.However,the inherent low ductility and high density of RHEAs have hindered their widespread adoption in industrial applications.In this study,an Nb_(38)Ti_(35)Al_(15)V_(6)Cr_(4)(TaHfMoW)_(2) RHEA with a BCC/B2 dual-phase structure is successfully developed.The RHEA exhibits excellent specifc yield strength of 162.4 MPa·g^(−1)·cm^(3) and 84.3 MPa·g^(−1)·cm^(3) at room temperature(RT)and 800℃,respectively.It was found that the pinning efect of the B2 phase induces a gradual transition in dislocation slip mode from planar slip to cross slip,homogenizing the plastic fow and resulting in excellent compression plasticity(ε>50%).Additionally,the B2 phase endows the alloy with excellent yield strength at high temperatures by precipitation strengthening.Moreover,the dominated a/2<111>type dislocation contributes to the alloy's superior plasticity at high temperatures.展开更多
In comparison to the alloys manufactured using the conventional means,microstructures of the alloys additively manufactured(AM)using techniques such as laser powder bed fusion(LPBF),directed en-ergy deposition(DED)and...In comparison to the alloys manufactured using the conventional means,microstructures of the alloys additively manufactured(AM)using techniques such as laser powder bed fusion(LPBF),directed en-ergy deposition(DED)and e-beam powder bed fusion(EPBF)are considerably more complex,making them unamenable for an easy interpretation even for a well-trained metallurgist.Keeping this in view,an overview of different grain morphologies that are observed in AM alloys is presented,with the objective of a systematic elucidation of the melt pool geometry and thermal history's role on the microstructural evolution.The second part of this review focuses on strategies that are available for manipulating the grain structures for tailoring the microstructures of AM alloys.展开更多
Free-ranging yak grazing is a regime specially adapted to high-elevation environments across the Pan-Tibetan Highlands, yet its impacts on alpine birds remain poorly understood. The Chinese Monal(Lophophorus lhuysii) ...Free-ranging yak grazing is a regime specially adapted to high-elevation environments across the Pan-Tibetan Highlands, yet its impacts on alpine birds remain poorly understood. The Chinese Monal(Lophophorus lhuysii) is a rare pheasant species that serves as a representative and umbrella species for alpine meadow ecosystems in the mountains of Southwest China, and has long been regarded as threatened by free-ranging yaks. However, the actual impacts and specific mechanisms through which yak grazing influences Chinese Monal have not been empirically tested. Here, we conducted infrared camera monitoring in alpine meadows within the Wolong National Nature Reserve, Sichuan, China, from 2019 to 2022. We analyzed the effects of free-ranging yaks on habitat occupancy, activity pattern, and population density of the Chinese Monal using multispecies occupancy models, kernel density estimations, avoidance attraction ratios, and random encounter models. We found that interactions with yaks affect monal habitat occupancy in conjunction with other ecological factors. Specifically, the presence of yaks alters monals' occupancy responses to variations in grass cover and elevation, causing monals to use habitats with lower grass cover and elevation more frequently. Additionally, the activity patterns of the Chinese Monal and yaks are significantly different, and the presence of yaks significantly prolongs the time until monals re-occupy the same habitats. As an outcome of the cumulative effects of spatial and temporal avoidance, the population density of the Chinese Monal negatively correlated with increasing grazing intensity. This study provides the first empirical evidence of the negative impacts of free-ranging yaks on the Chinese Monal and elucidates the underlying mechanisms, highlighting great risks to conservation of this vulnerable species. Our findings inform the optimization of grazing management that balances production with conservation. Strict control over yak numbers and grazing areas in critical habitats for Chinese Monal and other threatened species could be a feasible compromise to mitigate these pressures.展开更多
Smart windows(SWs)garner significant potential in green buildings owing to their capability of on-demand tuning the solar gains.Apart from solar regulation,people always desire a type of slippery SW which can repel th...Smart windows(SWs)garner significant potential in green buildings owing to their capability of on-demand tuning the solar gains.Apart from solar regulation,people always desire a type of slippery SW which can repel the surface hydrous contaminants for anti-fouling application.Unfortunately,the up-to-date slippery SWs that respond to electrical/thermal stimuli have drawbacks of inferior durability and high energy-consumption,which greatly constrain their practical usability.This article presents our current work on an ultra-robust and energy-efficient near-infrared-responsive smart window(NIR-SW)which can regulate the optical transmittance and droplet’s adhesion in synergy.Significantly,laser-printing strategy enables us to seed the shape-memory photothermal microwalls on a transparent substrate,which can promote daylighting while maintaining privacy by near-infrared(NIR)switching between being transparent and opaque.As a light manipulator,it turns transparent with NIR-activated erect microwalls like an open louver;however,it turns opaque with the pressure-fixed bent microwalls akin to a closed louver.Simultaneously,the droplets can easily slip on the surface of erect microwalls similar to a classical lotus effect;by contrast,the droplets will tightly pin on the surface of bent microwalls analogous to the prevalent rose effect.Owing to shape-memory effect,this optical/wettability regulation is thus reversible and reconfigurable in response to the alternate NIR/pressure trigger.Moreover,NIR-SW unfolds a superior longevity despite suffering from the raindrop’s impacting more than 10000 cycles.Remarkably,such a new-type SW is competent for thermal management,anti-icing system,peep-proof screen,and programmable optics.This work renders impetus for the researchers striving for self-cleaning intelligent windows,energy-efficient greenhouse,and so forth.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31900309)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2019A1515011644)+2 种基金Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province (2021B0202020001)Seed Industry Development Project of Agricultural and Rural Department of Guangdong Province (2022)Innovation Group Project of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai)(311021006)。
文摘Due to the difficulty in accurately identifying structural variants(SVs) across genomes,their impact on cisregulato ry diverge n ce of closely related species,especially fish,remains to be explored.Recently identified broad H3K4me3 domains are essential for the regulation of genes involved in several biological processes.However,the role of broad H3K4me3 domains in phenotypic divergence remains poorly understood.Siniperca chuatsi and S.scherzeri are closely related but divergent in several phenotypic traits,making them an ideal model to study cis-regulatory evolution in sister species.Here,we generated chromosome-level genomes of S.chuatsi and S.scherzeri,with assembled genome sizes of 716.35 and740.54 Mb,respectively.The evolutionary histories of S.chuatsi and S.scherzeri were studied by inferring dynamic changes in ancestral population sizes.To explore the genetic basis of adaptation in S.chuatsi and S.scherzeri,we performed gene family expansion and contraction analysis and identified positively selected genes(PSGs).To investigate the role of SVs in cis-regulatory divergence of closely related fish species,we identified high-quality SVs as well as divergent H3K27ac and H3K4me3 domains in the genomes of S.chuatsi and S.scherzeri.Integrated analysis revealed that cis-regulatory divergence caused by SVs played an essential role in phenotypic divergence between S.chuatsi and S.scherzeri.Additionally,divergent broad H3K4me3 domains were mostly associated with cancer-related genes in S.chuatsi and S.scherzeri and contributed to their phenotypic divergence.
文摘The time-dependent behavior of the left bank abutment slope at Jinping I hydropower station has a major influence on the normal operation and long-term safety of the hydropower station. To solve this problem, a geomechanical model containing various faults and weak structural planes is established, and numerical simulation is conducted under normal water load condition using FLAC3D, incorporating creep model proposed based on thermodynamics with internal state variables theory. The creep deformations of the left bank abutment slope are obtained, and the changes of principal stresses and deformations of the dam body are analyzed. The long-term stability of the left bank abutment slope is evaluated according to the integral curves of energy dissipation rate in domain and its derivative with respect to time, and the non-equilibrium evolution rules and the characteristic time can also be determined using these curves. Numerical results show that the left bank abutment slope tends to be stable in a global sense, and the stress concentration is released. It is also indicated that more attention should be paid to some weak regions within the slope in the long-term deformation process.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(2018YFB0703402)the Chinese Academy of Sciences(ZDBS-LY-JSC023)+1 种基金the Industrialization Innovation Team of the Industrial Technology Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Foshan(ZK-TD-2019-04)the Key Specialized Research and Development Breakthrough-Unveiling and Commanding the Special Project Program in Liaoning Province under Grant(2021JH15).
文摘Multi-principal element alloys(MPEAs)composed of thermally stable high-density cuboidal nanoparticles have revealed great potential for high-temperature applications.In this work,we systematically studied the growth behavior and coarsening kinetics of the cuboidal nanoparticles in Ni_(44)Co_(22)Cr_(22)Al_(6)Nb_(6) MPEA.In the initial stage of isothermal aging,the nanoparticles exhibit growth and split behavior,resulting in the improvement of mechanical performance,then the cuboidal nanoparticles retain superior thermal and mechanical stability during long-term isothermal aging.The 288 kJ/mol activation energy of Ni_(44)Co_(22)Cr_(22)Al_(6)Nb_(6) MPEA,which is higher than that in Ni-based superalloys,reveals the obvious elemental sluggish diffusion in Ni_(44)Co_(22)Cr_(22)Al_(6)Nb_(6) MPEA.Meanwhile,coarsening rate constant determined by the volume diffusion mechanism in Ni_(44)Co_(22)Cr_(22)Al_(6)Nb_(6) MPEA is 1–2 orders of magnitude less than that of the traditional Ni-based superalloys.The shortterm regulation and long-term stability of the cuboidal nanoparticles endow the Ni_(44)Co_(22)Cr_(22)Al_(6)Nb_(6) MPEA with superior mechanical performance and thermal stability for high temperature applications.
基金financially supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Ningbo(Grant No.2023Z098)Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia(Grant No.2023MS05040)+1 种基金Shenyang Collaborative Innovation Center Project for Multiple Energy Fields Composite Processing of Special Materials(Grant No.JG210027)Shenyang Key Technology Special Project of The Open Competition Mechanism to Select the Best Solution(Grant Nos.2022210101000827,2022-0-43-048).
文摘Titanium alloy has the advantages of high strength,strong corrosion resistance,excellent high and low temperature mechanical properties,etc.,and is widely used in aerospace,shipbuilding,weapons and equipment,and other fields.In recent years,with the continuous increase in demand for medium-thick plate titanium alloys,corresponding welding technologies have also continued to develop.Therefore,this article reviews the research progress of deep penetration welding technology for medium-thick plate titanium alloys,mainly covering traditional arc welding,high-energy beam welding,and other welding technologies.Among many methods,narrow gap welding,hybrid welding,and external energy field assistance welding all contribute to improving the welding efficiency and quality of medium-thick plate titanium alloys.Finally,the development trend of deep penetration welding technology for mediumthick plate titanium alloys is prospected.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52172243,52371215)。
文摘All-solid-state Li batteries(ASSLBs)using solid electrolytes(SEs)have gained significant attention in recent years considering the safety issue and their high energy density.Despite these advantages,the commercialization of ASSLBs still faces challenges regarding the electrolyte/electrodes interfaces and growth of Li dendrites.Elemental doping is an effective and direct method to enhance the performance of SEs.Here,we report an Al-F co-doping strategy to improve the overall properties including ion conductivity,high voltage stability,and cathode and anode compatibility.Particularly,the Al-F co-doping enables the formation of a thin Li-Al alloy layer and fluoride interphases,thereby constructing a relatively stable interface and promoting uniform Li deposition.The similar merits of Al-F co-doping are also revealed in the Li-argyrodite series.ASSLBs assembled with these optimized electrolytes gain good electrochemical performance,demonstrating the universality of Al-F co-doping towards advanced SEs.
文摘Controlling the interaction between metal nanoparticles and the support is a means to tune catalytic activity and stability.Herein we investigated the influence of the morphology of hematite on the performance of gold for CO oxidation.Nanosphere and nanorod forms of hematite,α-Fe_(2)O_(3)(S)andα-Fe_(2)O_(3)(R)respectively,were used to support gold nanoparticles.The surface ofα-Fe_(2)O_(3)(R)was more corrugated than that ofα-Fe_(2)O_(3)(S).These defects provide anchoring sites for gold nanoparticle deposition and stabilization.Due to the stronger gold-support interactions,Au/α-Fe_(2)O_(3)(R)contained smaller and more hemispherical gold particles than Au/α-Fe_(2)O_(3)(S).Au/α-Fe_(2)O_(3)(R)was not only more active in CO oxidation but also much more stable as evident from the small change in gold particle size during reaction.The higher reducibility of Au/α-Fe_(2)O_(3)(R)also contributed to the higher CO oxidation activity.
基金supported by The Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research(NWO)through a Vici grant and Nuffic fundingfunding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant No.686086(Partial-PGMs)。
文摘Density functional theory calculations were carried out to investigate the influence of doping transition metal(TM) ions into the ceria surface on the activation of surface lattice oxygen atoms. For this purpose, the structure and stability of the most stable(111) surface termination of CeO2 modified by TM ions was determined. Except for Zr and Pt dopants that preserve octahedral oxygen coordination, the TM dopants prefer a square-planar coordination when substituting the surface Ce ions. The surface construction from octahedral to square-planar is facile for all TM dopants, except for Pt(1.14 e V) and Zr(square-planar coordination unstable). Typically, the ionic radius of tetravalent TM cations is much smaller than that of Ce4+, resulting a significant tensile-strained lattice and explaining the lowered oxygen vacancy formation energy. Except for Zr, the square-planar structure is the preferred one when one oxygen vacancy is created. Thermodynamic analysis shows that TM-doped CeO2 surfaces contain oxygen defects under typical conditions of environmental catalysis. A case of practical importance is the facile lattice oxygen activation in Zr-doped CeO2(111), which benefits CO oxidation. The findings emphasize the origin of lattice oxygen activation and the preferred location of TM dopants in TM-ceria solid solution catalysts.
基金supported by the the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12175015 for W.G.and 12174387 for L.Z.)the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant Nos.YSBR-057 and JZHKYPT-2021-08 for L.Z.)+1 种基金the Innovative Program for Quantum Science and Technology (Grant No.2021ZD0302600 for L.Z.)the start-up funding of Westlake University and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No.2024M752898 for Z.W.and Z.Y.)。
文摘Entanglement plays a key role in quantum physics, but how much information it can extract from many-body systems is still an open question, particularly regarding quantum criticalities and emergent symmetries. In this work, we systematically study the entanglement entropy(EE) and derivative entanglement entropy(DEE) near quantum phase transitions in various quantum many-body systems. A one-parameter scaling relation between the DEE and system size at the critical point has been derived for the first time, which successfully obtains the critical exponent via data collapse. Furthermore, we find that the EE peaks at the(emergent) symmetryenhanced first-order transition, reflecting higher symmetry breaking. This work provides a new paradigm for quantum many-body research from the perspective of EE and DEE.
基金supported by the Young Talent Support Fund from Jiangsu University(No.5501310013)Jiangsu Provincial Founds for Young Scholars(Nos.BK20210782 and BK20210744)+2 种基金the Fellowship of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M720057)Wenzhou Science&Technology Program(No.ZG2021025)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2022A1515111017).
文摘Hybrid materials with synergistic properties have been used for various applications.Herein,we report a green biosynthesis strategy for the fabrication of a novel Pd/bacteria@ZIF-8 composite,featuring a sandwiched structure and size-selective capabilities.The Shewanella oneidensis(S.oneidensis)MR-1 was selected as the biological reductant to reduce Pd ions and synthesize Pd nanoparticles anchored on the surface of bacteria without the need for additional chemical reductants,bonding agents and toxic surfactants.This innovative sandwiched Pd/bacteria@ZIF-8 catalyst was further coated by the ZIF-8 to enhance its structural integrity.The as-prepared composite exhibits significant catalytic activity and excellent size-selective performance in the hydrogenation of olefins.This methodology opens up a horizon to designing size-selective catalysts through constructing the sandwiched structure.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81973517,82174245,82174017,and 82305069)Shanghai Shenkang Hospital Development Center’s Second Round of"Three-Year Action Plan to Promote Clinical Skills and Clinical Innovation in Municipal Hospitals"Research Physician Innovation and Translational Ability Training Project(No.SHDC2023CRD01)+2 种基金Shanghai Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Psychosomatic Diseases 2023 Open Research Project(No.SZB2023102)Science and Technology Development Program of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine in 2023(No.23KFL096)Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Development Project of Shanghai Medical Innovation&Development Foundation(No.WL-HBRC-2021001K)。
文摘Metastasis remains the primary cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide.Circulating tumor cells(CTCs)represent critical targets for metastasis prevention and treatment.Traditional Chinese medicine may prevent lung cancer metastasis through long-term intervention in CTC activity.Tiao-Shen-Zhi-Ai Formular(TSZAF)represents a Chinese medicine compound prescription utilized clinically for lung cancer treatment.This study combined three principal active ingredients from TSZAF into a novel TSZAF monomer combination(TSZAF mc)to investigate its anti-metastatic effects and mechanisms.TSZAF mc demonstrated significant inhibition of proliferation,migration,and invasion in CTC-TJH-01 and LLC cells,while inducing cellular apoptosis in vitro.Moreover,TSZAF mc substantially inhibited LLC cell growth and metastasis in vivo.Mechanistically,TAZSF mc significantly suppressed the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and CXCL5 expression in lung cancer cells and tissues.Additionally,TAZSF mc notably reduced neutrophil infiltration in metastatic lesions.These findings indicate that TSZAF mc inhibits lung cancer growth and metastasis by suppressing the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and reducing CXCL5 secretion,thereby decreasing neutrophil recruitment and infiltration.TSZAF mc demonstrates potential as an effective therapeutic agent for lung cancer metastasis.
基金supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences(ZDBS-LY-JSC023)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52404370)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(2023-BS-012)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(2021188)the IMR Innovation Fund(2023-PY16)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2023A1515111060).
文摘Refractory high-entropy alloys(RHEAs)stand as promising candidates for the development of a new generation of hightemperature materials due to their exceptional mechanical properties.However,the inherent low ductility and high density of RHEAs have hindered their widespread adoption in industrial applications.In this study,an Nb_(38)Ti_(35)Al_(15)V_(6)Cr_(4)(TaHfMoW)_(2) RHEA with a BCC/B2 dual-phase structure is successfully developed.The RHEA exhibits excellent specifc yield strength of 162.4 MPa·g^(−1)·cm^(3) and 84.3 MPa·g^(−1)·cm^(3) at room temperature(RT)and 800℃,respectively.It was found that the pinning efect of the B2 phase induces a gradual transition in dislocation slip mode from planar slip to cross slip,homogenizing the plastic fow and resulting in excellent compression plasticity(ε>50%).Additionally,the B2 phase endows the alloy with excellent yield strength at high temperatures by precipitation strengthening.Moreover,the dominated a/2<111>type dislocation contributes to the alloy's superior plasticity at high temperatures.
基金supported by the Agency for Science,Technology and Research(A∗STAR)of Singapore via the Structural Metal Alloys Programme(No.A18B1b0061)the National Natu-ral Science Foundation of China(No.W2411048)support from the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(2021188).
文摘In comparison to the alloys manufactured using the conventional means,microstructures of the alloys additively manufactured(AM)using techniques such as laser powder bed fusion(LPBF),directed en-ergy deposition(DED)and e-beam powder bed fusion(EPBF)are considerably more complex,making them unamenable for an easy interpretation even for a well-trained metallurgist.Keeping this in view,an overview of different grain morphologies that are observed in AM alloys is presented,with the objective of a systematic elucidation of the melt pool geometry and thermal history's role on the microstructural evolution.The second part of this review focuses on strategies that are available for manipulating the grain structures for tailoring the microstructures of AM alloys.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32000354)the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province (2022NSFSC0123)+1 种基金the Innovation Team Funds of China West Normal University (KCXTD 2024-5)the Tangjiahe National Nature Reserve Administration Bureau (cxycs [2023]016)。
文摘Free-ranging yak grazing is a regime specially adapted to high-elevation environments across the Pan-Tibetan Highlands, yet its impacts on alpine birds remain poorly understood. The Chinese Monal(Lophophorus lhuysii) is a rare pheasant species that serves as a representative and umbrella species for alpine meadow ecosystems in the mountains of Southwest China, and has long been regarded as threatened by free-ranging yaks. However, the actual impacts and specific mechanisms through which yak grazing influences Chinese Monal have not been empirically tested. Here, we conducted infrared camera monitoring in alpine meadows within the Wolong National Nature Reserve, Sichuan, China, from 2019 to 2022. We analyzed the effects of free-ranging yaks on habitat occupancy, activity pattern, and population density of the Chinese Monal using multispecies occupancy models, kernel density estimations, avoidance attraction ratios, and random encounter models. We found that interactions with yaks affect monal habitat occupancy in conjunction with other ecological factors. Specifically, the presence of yaks alters monals' occupancy responses to variations in grass cover and elevation, causing monals to use habitats with lower grass cover and elevation more frequently. Additionally, the activity patterns of the Chinese Monal and yaks are significantly different, and the presence of yaks significantly prolongs the time until monals re-occupy the same habitats. As an outcome of the cumulative effects of spatial and temporal avoidance, the population density of the Chinese Monal negatively correlated with increasing grazing intensity. This study provides the first empirical evidence of the negative impacts of free-ranging yaks on the Chinese Monal and elucidates the underlying mechanisms, highlighting great risks to conservation of this vulnerable species. Our findings inform the optimization of grazing management that balances production with conservation. Strict control over yak numbers and grazing areas in critical habitats for Chinese Monal and other threatened species could be a feasible compromise to mitigate these pressures.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52005475,62305321)the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(No.JZ2024AKZR0561,2308085QE167)Opening Project of the Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering(Ministry of Education),Jilin University(K202204).
文摘Smart windows(SWs)garner significant potential in green buildings owing to their capability of on-demand tuning the solar gains.Apart from solar regulation,people always desire a type of slippery SW which can repel the surface hydrous contaminants for anti-fouling application.Unfortunately,the up-to-date slippery SWs that respond to electrical/thermal stimuli have drawbacks of inferior durability and high energy-consumption,which greatly constrain their practical usability.This article presents our current work on an ultra-robust and energy-efficient near-infrared-responsive smart window(NIR-SW)which can regulate the optical transmittance and droplet’s adhesion in synergy.Significantly,laser-printing strategy enables us to seed the shape-memory photothermal microwalls on a transparent substrate,which can promote daylighting while maintaining privacy by near-infrared(NIR)switching between being transparent and opaque.As a light manipulator,it turns transparent with NIR-activated erect microwalls like an open louver;however,it turns opaque with the pressure-fixed bent microwalls akin to a closed louver.Simultaneously,the droplets can easily slip on the surface of erect microwalls similar to a classical lotus effect;by contrast,the droplets will tightly pin on the surface of bent microwalls analogous to the prevalent rose effect.Owing to shape-memory effect,this optical/wettability regulation is thus reversible and reconfigurable in response to the alternate NIR/pressure trigger.Moreover,NIR-SW unfolds a superior longevity despite suffering from the raindrop’s impacting more than 10000 cycles.Remarkably,such a new-type SW is competent for thermal management,anti-icing system,peep-proof screen,and programmable optics.This work renders impetus for the researchers striving for self-cleaning intelligent windows,energy-efficient greenhouse,and so forth.
