底栖动物是海洋生态系统的重要组成部分,在调控海洋生态系统的物质循环和能量流动过程中扮演了关键角色。腹足类动物通过捕食与被捕食行为调控着底栖生态系统的稳定性,研究腹足类生物的食性有助于我们理解这一调控过程。香螺(Neptunea c...底栖动物是海洋生态系统的重要组成部分,在调控海洋生态系统的物质循环和能量流动过程中扮演了关键角色。腹足类动物通过捕食与被捕食行为调控着底栖生态系统的稳定性,研究腹足类生物的食性有助于我们理解这一调控过程。香螺(Neptunea cumingii)是我国北方海域一种重要的腹足类动物,具备极高的生态价值和经济价值。但是,我们对其食性组成及生态功能的了解并不透彻。因此,有必要探明自然条件下香螺现场食物组成,提升对腹足类动物在我国北方海域底栖生态系统中所起调控作用的认识。本研究借助4份野生香螺胃含物样品,以18Sr DNAV4区和V9区为标靶,利用DNA宏条形码技术对其胃含物真核生物进行分析。结果显示,在4个样品中,18S rDNA V4区和V9区共分别获得265,161条和221,998条高质量序列,分别占各自原始序列的93.16%和86.54%,分别注释到141个和490个OTUs;虽然18SrDNAV4区获得的优质序列数及占比均更高,但其注释到的物种数比18Sr DNAV9区偏少。两个可变区所有OTUs分属17个门类,包括动物界10门、真菌界5门、植物界1门,以及SAR超类群,包括不等鞭毛生物(Stramenopiles)、囊泡虫(Alveolates)和有孔虫(Rhizaria);在纲水平上,腹足纲、辅鳍鱼纲、吸虫纲和色矛纲相对丰度在两个可变区中均排名前十;在OTU水平上,两个可变区中3个以上样品中均有检出的物种仅分别占5.67%和8.08%,且其共同属于软体动物门、脊椎动物亚门、子囊菌门及SAR超类群。总体上,18S r DNA V4区和V9区两段DNA条形码分析结果显示,香螺胃含物中真核生物种类丰富,包括动物(如环节动物、节肢动物、软体动物)、真菌、植物和原生生物,其中最丰富的类群是腹足类、鱼类、吸虫和真菌。在多个样本中只检测到一小部分共有OTUs,这表明不同香螺摄食种类多变。结果表明,香螺现场食性是一种机会主义捕食者,动物尸体及海底沉积物可能是香螺自然状态下主要食物来源,但同时其具备一定的清理附着生物潜能及植食性能力,饵料可驯化性较强。其饵料组成受生存微环境影响较大,具备一定的饵料驯化潜力。研究结果为深入了解香螺在海洋生态系统中的作用提供了数据支持,并为香螺人工养殖饵料配比研究提供了新见解。展开更多
Rapid and ultrasensitive detection of pathogen-associated biomarkers is vital for the early diagnosis and therapy of bacterial infections.Herein,we developed a close-packed and ordered Au@AgPt array coupled with a cas...Rapid and ultrasensitive detection of pathogen-associated biomarkers is vital for the early diagnosis and therapy of bacterial infections.Herein,we developed a close-packed and ordered Au@AgPt array coupled with a cascade triggering strategy for surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)and colorimetric identification of the Staphylococcus aureus biomarker micrococcal nuclease(MNase)in serum samples.The trimetallic Au@AgPt nanozymes can catalyze the oxidation of 3,3’,5,5’-tetramethylbenzidine(TMB)molecules to SERS-enhanced oxidized TMB(oxTMB),accompanied by the color change from colorless to blue.In the presence of S.aureus,the secreted MNase preferentially cut the nucleobase AT-rich regions of DNA sequences on magnetic beads(MBs)to release alkaline phosphatase(ALP),which subsequently mediated the oxTMB reduction for inducing the colorimetric/SERS signal fade away.Using this“on-to-off”triggering strategy,the target S.aureus can be recorded in a wide linear range with a limit of detection of 38 CFU/mL in the colorimetric mode and 6 CFU/mL in the SERS mode.Meanwhile,the MNase-mediated strategy characterized by high specificity and sensitivity successfully discriminated between patients with sepsis(n=7)and healthy participants(n=3),as well as monitored the prognostic progression of the disease(n=2).Overall,benefiting from highly active and dense“hot spot”substrate,MNase-mediated cascade response strategy,and colorimetric/SERS dual-signal output,this methodology will offer a promising avenue for the early diagnosis of S.aureus infection.展开更多
Glucosinolates(GLS) contribute to the unique flavour, nutrition, and plant defence of the Cruciferous vegetables. Understanding the GLS changes through postharvest processing is essential for defined preservation. In ...Glucosinolates(GLS) contribute to the unique flavour, nutrition, and plant defence of the Cruciferous vegetables. Understanding the GLS changes through postharvest processing is essential for defined preservation. In this study, four different fresh-cut types, whole flower(W),floret(F), quarterly cut floret(QF) and shredded floret(FS) of broccoli, were stored for 0, 1, 2 and 3 day(s) to explore GLS responses to postharvest treatments. As a result, seven GLS were identified, mainly including glucoraphanin(RAA), neoglucobrassicin(NEO), and glucobrassicin(GBC)and accounting for 52.69%, 20.12% and 14.99% of the total GLS(21.92 ± 0.48) μmol · g ^(-1 )DW, respectively. FS had the sharpest decrease in GLS after three days of storage(6.55 ± 0.37) μmol · g-1DW, while QF had the least(10.16 ± 0.33) μmol · g ^(-1 )DW. All GLS components decreased over storage, except for 4-methoxyglucobrassicin(4 ME) in FS and QF, suggesting its key role in serious wound defence. The results suggested certain postharvest approaches influenced the flavour and nutrition of broccoli.展开更多
Tibeto-Burman(TB)people have endeavored to adapt to the hypoxic,cold,and high-UV high-altitude environments in the Tibetan Plateau and complex disease exposures in lowland rainforests since the late Paleolithic period...Tibeto-Burman(TB)people have endeavored to adapt to the hypoxic,cold,and high-UV high-altitude environments in the Tibetan Plateau and complex disease exposures in lowland rainforests since the late Paleolithic period.However,the full landscape of genetic history and biological adaptation of geographically diverse TB-speaking people,as well as their interaction mechanism,remain unknown.Here,we generate a whole-genome meta-database of 500 individuals from 39 TB-speaking populations and present a comprehensive landscape of genetic diversity,admixture history,and differentiated adaptative features of geographically different TB-speaking people.We identify genetic differentiation related to geography and language among TB-speaking people,consistent with their differentiated admixture process with incoming or indigenous ancestral source populations.A robust genetic connection between the Tibetan-Yi corridor and the ancient Yellow River people supports their Northern China origin hypothesis.We finally report substructure-related differentiated biological adaptative signatures between highland Tibetans and Loloish speakers.Adaptative signatures associated with the physical pigmentation(EDAR and SLC24A5)and metabolism(ALDH9A1)are identified in Loloish people,which differed from the high-altitude adaptative genetic architecture in Tibetan.TB-related genomic resources provide new insights into the genetic basis of biological adaptation and better reference for the anthropologically informed sampling design in biomedical and genomic cohort research.展开更多
In the present study, a pot experiment was carded out to investigate the effects of a composite soil amendment at different levels （0, 600, 900 and 1 200 mg/kg） on the soil organic matter content, pH, Pb uptake and ...In the present study, a pot experiment was carded out to investigate the effects of a composite soil amendment at different levels （0, 600, 900 and 1 200 mg/kg） on the soil organic matter content, pH, Pb uptake and nutritional quality of pak choi （Brassica rapa L. Chinensis Group） grown in the soils contaminated by four levels （800, 1 200, 1 600 and 2 000 mg/kg） of Pb. The results showed that 900 mg/kg soil amendment increased the soil organic matter content by 24.19%- 60.00%, but had no significant influence on soil pH. Comparing with control （without amendment application）, the security and nutritional quality of pak choi were obviously improved by applying the soil amendment. In detail, 900 mg/kg soil amendment improved the content of Vc of pak choi growing in 800, 1 200, 1 600 and 2 000 mg/kg Pb-contaminated soils by 13.27%-69.30%, the content of soluble sugar by 54.17%- 87.50%, the dry matter weight by 28.36%-33.39%, and decreased the content of Pb by 19.11%-35.72% and the content of crude fiber by 20.83%-31.03%, respectively. These data indicated that the composite amendment can be used for the in situ repair of Pb-contaminated soils, and the recommended dosage is 900 mg/kg.展开更多
The research aimed to develop and validate an ion chromatography method for the simultaneous analysis of Cr(Ⅲ) and Cr(Ⅵ)from pumpkin. A new analytical method based on ion chromatography techniques was developed by t...The research aimed to develop and validate an ion chromatography method for the simultaneous analysis of Cr(Ⅲ) and Cr(Ⅵ)from pumpkin. A new analytical method based on ion chromatography techniques was developed by the Cr(Ⅲ) pre-column derivatization and Cr(Ⅵ) post-column derivatization. The ion chromatography condition was optimized and the detection sensitivity was improved. Cr(Ⅲ) and Cr(Ⅵ) were determined by 365 and 530 nm,respectively. The temperature of water bath,the heating time for pre-column derivatization,and the flow rate of post-column derivative liquid were screened on the basis of single factor experiment,the effects of various factors were determined by the method of L16( 43) orthogonal experiment design. Considering the results of orthogonal experiments and the variation tendency of peak area under different factors,the optimum derivatization conditions were chose as follows: the flow rate of post-column derivative liquid is0. 5 m L/min,the temperature of water bath for pre-column derivatization is 100 ℃ and the heating time is 5 min. The conditions were optimized by means of orthogonal experiments under the p H of leacheate ranged from 6. 5 to 6. 8 and the I-concentration of 5 mmol/L. Under optimized derivatization conditions,the detection limits for Cr(Ⅲ) and Cr(Ⅵ) were 0. 17 and 0. 019 mg,respectively. And the average recoveries of Cr(Ⅲ) in pumpkin were in the range of 82%-85%. Results indicated that pumpkin does not contain Cr(Ⅵ) according to this ion chromatography method of simultaneously determination for Cr(Ⅲ) and Cr(Ⅵ).展开更多
Glucosinolate composition and content were evaluated in flowers and leaves of 12 different broccoli varieties. The results indicated that there were 9 glucosinolates in broccoli,namely Glucoiberin(IBE); Progoitrin(PRO...Glucosinolate composition and content were evaluated in flowers and leaves of 12 different broccoli varieties. The results indicated that there were 9 glucosinolates in broccoli,namely Glucoiberin(IBE); Progoitrin(PRO);Sinigrin(SIN);Glucoraphanin(RAA);Gluconapin(NAP);4-Hydroxyglucobrassicin(4OH);Glucobrassicin(GBC);4-Methoxyglucobrassicin(4ME);Neoglucobrassicin(NEO).Total glucosinolate content in flowers was 1-5 times higher than in leaves. The predominant glucosinolate in broccoli was glucoraphanin.展开更多
As nitrogen removal requires anaerobic conditions for denitrification,which facilitates the production of methane(CH_(4)),a potent greenhouse gas,it is a challenge to achieve nitrogen removal with minimal CH_(4) emiss...As nitrogen removal requires anaerobic conditions for denitrification,which facilitates the production of methane(CH_(4)),a potent greenhouse gas,it is a challenge to achieve nitrogen removal with minimal CH_(4) emissions in constructed wetlands(CWs).This study proposed a solution for mitigating CH_(4) emissions while achieving nitrogen removal using porous fillers in CWs.We found that active denitrification occurred in the interior pores of these fillers in an oxygen-rich environment.The microbial analysis indicated that the internal pores of porous fillers created anaerobic habitats for denitrifiers as they had a higher nosZ/amoA ratio than on the surface.The anaerobic decomposition of organic matter was inhibited,yielding significantly lower CH_(4)/CO_(2) ratios(<1.0×10^(-5))than those of traditional CWs(0.07).The methanogen proliferation and CH_(4) production efficiency also remained at low levels(<1.1×10^(-3) and 0.045%,respectively),which was significantly lower than in traditional CWs(2.3×10^(6) and 38%,respectively).Overall,this study proposed a strategy for mitigating the greenhouse effect of carbon emissions from CWs in the future.展开更多
Genomic sources from China are underrepresented in the population-specific reference database.We performed whole-genome sequencing or genome-wide genotyping on 1,207 individuals from four linguistically diverse groups...Genomic sources from China are underrepresented in the population-specific reference database.We performed whole-genome sequencing or genome-wide genotyping on 1,207 individuals from four linguistically diverse groups(1,081 Sinitic,56 Mongolic,40 Turkic,and 30Tibeto-Burman people)living in North China included in the 10K Chinese People Genomic Diversity Project(10K_CPGDP)to characterize the genetic architecture and adaptative history of ethnic groups in the Silk Road Region of China.We observed a population split between Northwest Chinese minorities(NWCMs)and Han Chinese since the Upper Paleolithic and later Neolithic genetic differentiation within NWCMs.The observed population substructures among ethnically/linguistically diverse NWCMs suggested that differentiated admixture events contributed to the differences in their genomic and phenotypic diversity.We estimated that the Dongxiang,Tibetan,and Yugur people inherited more than 10%of the Western Eurasian ancestry,which is much greater than that of the Salar and Tu people(<7%),while Han neighbors showed less West Eurasian ancestry(~1%-3%).Male-biased admixture introduced Western Eurasian ancestry in the Dongxiang,Tibetan,and Yugur populations.We found that the eastern-western admixture in NWCMs occurred~800-1,100 years ago,coinciding with intensive economic and cultural exchanges during the Tang and Song dynasties.Additionally,we identified the signatures of natural selection associated with cardiovascular system diseases or lipid metabolism and developmental/neurogenetic disorders.Moreover,the EPAS1 gene showed relatively high population branch statistic values in NWCMs.The well-fitted demographical models presented the vast landscape of complex admixture processes of the Silk Road people,and the newly reported functionally important variations suggested the importance of including ethnolinguistically diverse populations in Chinese genetic studies for uncovering the genetic basis of complex traits/diseases.展开更多
Complex demographic processes and natural selection pressures are critical to resolving patterns of the molecular genetic basis of adaptive traits or complex diseases.Recent ancient genome data allow us to trace how k...Complex demographic processes and natural selection pressures are critical to resolving patterns of the molecular genetic basis of adaptive traits or complex diseases.Recent ancient genome data allow us to trace how key traits evolved in different human populations over time,connecting ancient population history with disease susceptibility in western Eurasians.To fill this gap in eastern Eurasians and provide deep insights into the evolutionary history of the populationspecific genetic basis of complex biological traits,we explored the evolutionary basis of adaptive traits in one integrative modern and ancient genomic database,including 225 out of 5583 genomes first reported here.We comprehensively characterized the demographic history and biological adaptation of Han Chinese individuals on the Mongolian Plateau based on the allele frequency spectrum and haplotype-resolved fragments.We found strong genetic homogeneity among geographically different Han populations from Inner Mongolia(IMH).We reconstructed their admixture models and demographic events,revealing that IMH had a close genetic relationship with ancient millet farmers and obtained additional gene flow from Altaic-speaking populations.The enrichment of selected candidate genes suggested that essential metabolism-related genes promoted the rapid adaptation of eastern Eurasians to ancient environmental shifts and dietary changes during agricultural innovations.Evolutionary trajectory reconstruction of metabolism-related genes of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase(MTHFR)and fatty acid desaturase 1(FADS1)suggested that ancient dietary shifts during the Neolithic transition period promoted the differentiated metabolic rate of folate and fatty acid.We revealed the polygenicity of biological adaptation traits and the pleiotropy of adaptive genes,indicating that complex recent polygenic adaptations,genetic interactions,and genotype–phenotype correlations have contributed to the genetic architecture of complex traits in eastern Eurasians.展开更多
As of this writing,the world is currently experiencing a huge wave of infection with the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2.Two SARS-CoV-2inactivated vaccines(IAVs,CoronaVac by Sinovac and BBIBP-CorV by Sinopharm)with a tw...As of this writing,the world is currently experiencing a huge wave of infection with the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2.Two SARS-CoV-2inactivated vaccines(IAVs,CoronaVac by Sinovac and BBIBP-CorV by Sinopharm)with a two-dose vaccination regimen,one recombinant protein subunit vaccine(PRV,ZF2001 by Anhui Zhifei Longcom)with a three-dose vaccination regimen,and one single-dose recombinant adenovirus-vectored vaccine(AdV.Convidecia by Cansino)have been given conditional approval for general public use or approved for emergency use by China[1].These four vaccines form the core of China's vaccination program.It has been reported that Omicron extensively escapes vaccine neutralization,and a booster shot seems to be necessary[2.3].It is urgent to discover a superior booster strategy in China's current vaccination program context to fight against the Omicron variant.展开更多
X chromosomal short tandem repeats(X-STRs)have the characteristics of both autosomal and uniparental genetic markers and have been shown to be particularly useful in forensic casework.However,relevant research or repo...X chromosomal short tandem repeats(X-STRs)have the characteristics of both autosomal and uniparental genetic markers and have been shown to be particularly useful in forensic casework.However,relevant research or reports have not focused on X-STRs in the Hani population.To investigate the genetic variation and forensic efficiency of 16 X-STR loci in the Hani ethnic minority,we calculated the allele frequencies and forensic parameters of 451(116 males and 335 females)unrelated healthy Hani individuals from Yunnan Province,Southwest China.All these loci are highly polymorphic in Hani individuals in Yunnan Province except DXS6800.The combined power of discrimination in males(PDM)and power of discrimination in females(PDF)were found to be 0.999999998433993 and 0.999999999999998,respectively.Furthermore,a population genetic structure investigation between the Yunnan Hani population and another 18 populations was performed using a principal component analysis,multidimensional scaling plot and neighbouring-joining phylogenetic tree and the findings illustrated that neighbouring populations and different nationalities in the same area appeared to have a closer evolutionary relationship.This study provides the first batch of X chromosome genetic polymorphism data of the Hani population in Yunnan Province,Southwest China and enriches the reference database of the Chinese minority population.展开更多
文摘底栖动物是海洋生态系统的重要组成部分,在调控海洋生态系统的物质循环和能量流动过程中扮演了关键角色。腹足类动物通过捕食与被捕食行为调控着底栖生态系统的稳定性,研究腹足类生物的食性有助于我们理解这一调控过程。香螺(Neptunea cumingii)是我国北方海域一种重要的腹足类动物,具备极高的生态价值和经济价值。但是,我们对其食性组成及生态功能的了解并不透彻。因此,有必要探明自然条件下香螺现场食物组成,提升对腹足类动物在我国北方海域底栖生态系统中所起调控作用的认识。本研究借助4份野生香螺胃含物样品,以18Sr DNAV4区和V9区为标靶,利用DNA宏条形码技术对其胃含物真核生物进行分析。结果显示,在4个样品中,18S rDNA V4区和V9区共分别获得265,161条和221,998条高质量序列,分别占各自原始序列的93.16%和86.54%,分别注释到141个和490个OTUs;虽然18SrDNAV4区获得的优质序列数及占比均更高,但其注释到的物种数比18Sr DNAV9区偏少。两个可变区所有OTUs分属17个门类,包括动物界10门、真菌界5门、植物界1门,以及SAR超类群,包括不等鞭毛生物(Stramenopiles)、囊泡虫(Alveolates)和有孔虫(Rhizaria);在纲水平上,腹足纲、辅鳍鱼纲、吸虫纲和色矛纲相对丰度在两个可变区中均排名前十;在OTU水平上,两个可变区中3个以上样品中均有检出的物种仅分别占5.67%和8.08%,且其共同属于软体动物门、脊椎动物亚门、子囊菌门及SAR超类群。总体上,18S r DNA V4区和V9区两段DNA条形码分析结果显示,香螺胃含物中真核生物种类丰富,包括动物(如环节动物、节肢动物、软体动物)、真菌、植物和原生生物,其中最丰富的类群是腹足类、鱼类、吸虫和真菌。在多个样本中只检测到一小部分共有OTUs,这表明不同香螺摄食种类多变。结果表明,香螺现场食性是一种机会主义捕食者,动物尸体及海底沉积物可能是香螺自然状态下主要食物来源,但同时其具备一定的清理附着生物潜能及植食性能力,饵料可驯化性较强。其饵料组成受生存微环境影响较大,具备一定的饵料驯化潜力。研究结果为深入了解香螺在海洋生态系统中的作用提供了数据支持,并为香螺人工养殖饵料配比研究提供了新见解。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.:82373833,22177039,and 82304438)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.:2021YFC2300400)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,China(Grant Nos.:2024A1515012204,2022A1515010300,and 2022A1515110618).
文摘Rapid and ultrasensitive detection of pathogen-associated biomarkers is vital for the early diagnosis and therapy of bacterial infections.Herein,we developed a close-packed and ordered Au@AgPt array coupled with a cascade triggering strategy for surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)and colorimetric identification of the Staphylococcus aureus biomarker micrococcal nuclease(MNase)in serum samples.The trimetallic Au@AgPt nanozymes can catalyze the oxidation of 3,3’,5,5’-tetramethylbenzidine(TMB)molecules to SERS-enhanced oxidized TMB(oxTMB),accompanied by the color change from colorless to blue.In the presence of S.aureus,the secreted MNase preferentially cut the nucleobase AT-rich regions of DNA sequences on magnetic beads(MBs)to release alkaline phosphatase(ALP),which subsequently mediated the oxTMB reduction for inducing the colorimetric/SERS signal fade away.Using this“on-to-off”triggering strategy,the target S.aureus can be recorded in a wide linear range with a limit of detection of 38 CFU/mL in the colorimetric mode and 6 CFU/mL in the SERS mode.Meanwhile,the MNase-mediated strategy characterized by high specificity and sensitivity successfully discriminated between patients with sepsis(n=7)and healthy participants(n=3),as well as monitored the prognostic progression of the disease(n=2).Overall,benefiting from highly active and dense“hot spot”substrate,MNase-mediated cascade response strategy,and colorimetric/SERS dual-signal output,this methodology will offer a promising avenue for the early diagnosis of S.aureus infection.
基金supported by the Collaborative Innovation Center of the Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences(Grant No.KJCX201915)the Youth Scientific Research Funds of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences(Grant No.QNJJ201914)the Innovation and Capacity-building Project of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences(Grant No.KJCX20200213).
文摘Glucosinolates(GLS) contribute to the unique flavour, nutrition, and plant defence of the Cruciferous vegetables. Understanding the GLS changes through postharvest processing is essential for defined preservation. In this study, four different fresh-cut types, whole flower(W),floret(F), quarterly cut floret(QF) and shredded floret(FS) of broccoli, were stored for 0, 1, 2 and 3 day(s) to explore GLS responses to postharvest treatments. As a result, seven GLS were identified, mainly including glucoraphanin(RAA), neoglucobrassicin(NEO), and glucobrassicin(GBC)and accounting for 52.69%, 20.12% and 14.99% of the total GLS(21.92 ± 0.48) μmol · g ^(-1 )DW, respectively. FS had the sharpest decrease in GLS after three days of storage(6.55 ± 0.37) μmol · g-1DW, while QF had the least(10.16 ± 0.33) μmol · g ^(-1 )DW. All GLS components decreased over storage, except for 4-methoxyglucobrassicin(4 ME) in FS and QF, suggesting its key role in serious wound defence. The results suggested certain postharvest approaches influenced the flavour and nutrition of broccoli.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82202078)the Center for Archaeological Science of Sichuan University(23SASA01).
文摘Tibeto-Burman(TB)people have endeavored to adapt to the hypoxic,cold,and high-UV high-altitude environments in the Tibetan Plateau and complex disease exposures in lowland rainforests since the late Paleolithic period.However,the full landscape of genetic history and biological adaptation of geographically diverse TB-speaking people,as well as their interaction mechanism,remain unknown.Here,we generate a whole-genome meta-database of 500 individuals from 39 TB-speaking populations and present a comprehensive landscape of genetic diversity,admixture history,and differentiated adaptative features of geographically different TB-speaking people.We identify genetic differentiation related to geography and language among TB-speaking people,consistent with their differentiated admixture process with incoming or indigenous ancestral source populations.A robust genetic connection between the Tibetan-Yi corridor and the ancient Yellow River people supports their Northern China origin hypothesis.We finally report substructure-related differentiated biological adaptative signatures between highland Tibetans and Loloish speakers.Adaptative signatures associated with the physical pigmentation(EDAR and SLC24A5)and metabolism(ALDH9A1)are identified in Loloish people,which differed from the high-altitude adaptative genetic architecture in Tibetan.TB-related genomic resources provide new insights into the genetic basis of biological adaptation and better reference for the anthropologically informed sampling design in biomedical and genomic cohort research.
基金Supported by the Fund of Beijing Leafy Vegetables Innovation Team of Modren Agroindustry Technology Research System(BAIC07-2016)the Fund of Beijing Municipal Commission of Rural Affairs(20120129)~~
文摘In the present study, a pot experiment was carded out to investigate the effects of a composite soil amendment at different levels （0, 600, 900 and 1 200 mg/kg） on the soil organic matter content, pH, Pb uptake and nutritional quality of pak choi （Brassica rapa L. Chinensis Group） grown in the soils contaminated by four levels （800, 1 200, 1 600 and 2 000 mg/kg） of Pb. The results showed that 900 mg/kg soil amendment increased the soil organic matter content by 24.19%- 60.00%, but had no significant influence on soil pH. Comparing with control （without amendment application）, the security and nutritional quality of pak choi were obviously improved by applying the soil amendment. In detail, 900 mg/kg soil amendment improved the content of Vc of pak choi growing in 800, 1 200, 1 600 and 2 000 mg/kg Pb-contaminated soils by 13.27%-69.30%, the content of soluble sugar by 54.17%- 87.50%, the dry matter weight by 28.36%-33.39%, and decreased the content of Pb by 19.11%-35.72% and the content of crude fiber by 20.83%-31.03%, respectively. These data indicated that the composite amendment can be used for the in situ repair of Pb-contaminated soils, and the recommended dosage is 900 mg/kg.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Innovation Ability Construction Special Item of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences(KJCX20140302,KJCX20140111)
文摘The research aimed to develop and validate an ion chromatography method for the simultaneous analysis of Cr(Ⅲ) and Cr(Ⅵ)from pumpkin. A new analytical method based on ion chromatography techniques was developed by the Cr(Ⅲ) pre-column derivatization and Cr(Ⅵ) post-column derivatization. The ion chromatography condition was optimized and the detection sensitivity was improved. Cr(Ⅲ) and Cr(Ⅵ) were determined by 365 and 530 nm,respectively. The temperature of water bath,the heating time for pre-column derivatization,and the flow rate of post-column derivative liquid were screened on the basis of single factor experiment,the effects of various factors were determined by the method of L16( 43) orthogonal experiment design. Considering the results of orthogonal experiments and the variation tendency of peak area under different factors,the optimum derivatization conditions were chose as follows: the flow rate of post-column derivative liquid is0. 5 m L/min,the temperature of water bath for pre-column derivatization is 100 ℃ and the heating time is 5 min. The conditions were optimized by means of orthogonal experiments under the p H of leacheate ranged from 6. 5 to 6. 8 and the I-concentration of 5 mmol/L. Under optimized derivatization conditions,the detection limits for Cr(Ⅲ) and Cr(Ⅵ) were 0. 17 and 0. 019 mg,respectively. And the average recoveries of Cr(Ⅲ) in pumpkin were in the range of 82%-85%. Results indicated that pumpkin does not contain Cr(Ⅵ) according to this ion chromatography method of simultaneously determination for Cr(Ⅲ) and Cr(Ⅵ).
基金Supported by Special Non-profit Sector Project of the Ministry of Agriculture(20130309)Special Science and Technology Innovation Capacity Building Project of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences(KJCX20140111)
文摘Glucosinolate composition and content were evaluated in flowers and leaves of 12 different broccoli varieties. The results indicated that there were 9 glucosinolates in broccoli,namely Glucoiberin(IBE); Progoitrin(PRO);Sinigrin(SIN);Glucoraphanin(RAA);Gluconapin(NAP);4-Hydroxyglucobrassicin(4OH);Glucobrassicin(GBC);4-Methoxyglucobrassicin(4ME);Neoglucobrassicin(NEO).Total glucosinolate content in flowers was 1-5 times higher than in leaves. The predominant glucosinolate in broccoli was glucoraphanin.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42422605,42277060,42477073)National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2024YFC3214500)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20240142).
文摘As nitrogen removal requires anaerobic conditions for denitrification,which facilitates the production of methane(CH_(4)),a potent greenhouse gas,it is a challenge to achieve nitrogen removal with minimal CH_(4) emissions in constructed wetlands(CWs).This study proposed a solution for mitigating CH_(4) emissions while achieving nitrogen removal using porous fillers in CWs.We found that active denitrification occurred in the interior pores of these fillers in an oxygen-rich environment.The microbial analysis indicated that the internal pores of porous fillers created anaerobic habitats for denitrifiers as they had a higher nosZ/amoA ratio than on the surface.The anaerobic decomposition of organic matter was inhibited,yielding significantly lower CH_(4)/CO_(2) ratios(<1.0×10^(-5))than those of traditional CWs(0.07).The methanogen proliferation and CH_(4) production efficiency also remained at low levels(<1.1×10^(-3) and 0.045%,respectively),which was significantly lower than in traditional CWs(2.3×10^(6) and 38%,respectively).Overall,this study proposed a strategy for mitigating the greenhouse effect of carbon emissions from CWs in the future.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82402203,82202078)the Major Project of the National Social Science Foundation of China(23&ZD203)+3 种基金the Open Project of the Key Laboratory of Forensic Genetics of the Ministry of Public Security(2022FGKFKT05,2024FGKFKT02)the Center for Archaeological Science of Sichuan University(23SASA01)the 1·3·5 Project for Disciplines of Excellence,West China Hospital,Sichuan University(ZYJC20002)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2024NSFSC1518)。
文摘Genomic sources from China are underrepresented in the population-specific reference database.We performed whole-genome sequencing or genome-wide genotyping on 1,207 individuals from four linguistically diverse groups(1,081 Sinitic,56 Mongolic,40 Turkic,and 30Tibeto-Burman people)living in North China included in the 10K Chinese People Genomic Diversity Project(10K_CPGDP)to characterize the genetic architecture and adaptative history of ethnic groups in the Silk Road Region of China.We observed a population split between Northwest Chinese minorities(NWCMs)and Han Chinese since the Upper Paleolithic and later Neolithic genetic differentiation within NWCMs.The observed population substructures among ethnically/linguistically diverse NWCMs suggested that differentiated admixture events contributed to the differences in their genomic and phenotypic diversity.We estimated that the Dongxiang,Tibetan,and Yugur people inherited more than 10%of the Western Eurasian ancestry,which is much greater than that of the Salar and Tu people(<7%),while Han neighbors showed less West Eurasian ancestry(~1%-3%).Male-biased admixture introduced Western Eurasian ancestry in the Dongxiang,Tibetan,and Yugur populations.We found that the eastern-western admixture in NWCMs occurred~800-1,100 years ago,coinciding with intensive economic and cultural exchanges during the Tang and Song dynasties.Additionally,we identified the signatures of natural selection associated with cardiovascular system diseases or lipid metabolism and developmental/neurogenetic disorders.Moreover,the EPAS1 gene showed relatively high population branch statistic values in NWCMs.The well-fitted demographical models presented the vast landscape of complex admixture processes of the Silk Road people,and the newly reported functionally important variations suggested the importance of including ethnolinguistically diverse populations in Chinese genetic studies for uncovering the genetic basis of complex traits/diseases.
基金We thank all the volunteers who participated in this project and the researchers who provided help and support for this project(Prof.Etienne Patin and Prof.Lluis Quintana-Murci from the Human Evolutionary Genetics Unit of the Institute PasteurProf.Mark Stoneking and Prof.Dang Liu from the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology+5 种基金and Prof.Wibhu Kutanan from Khon Kaen University).We are indebted to Grammarly(https://app.grammarly.com/)for its invaluable contribution to the linguistic refinement and readability enhancement of this manuscript.M.W.is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82202078)G.H.is supported by the Major Project of the National Social Science Foundation of China(23&ZD203)the Open Project of the Key Laboratory of Forensic Genetics of the Ministry of Public Security(2022FGKFKT05)the Center for Archaeological Science of Sichuan University(23SASA01)the 1.3.5 Project for Disciplines of Excellence,West China Hospital,Sichuan University(ZYJC20002)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program.L.H.is supported by the Open Project of Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine(KF202309).
文摘Complex demographic processes and natural selection pressures are critical to resolving patterns of the molecular genetic basis of adaptive traits or complex diseases.Recent ancient genome data allow us to trace how key traits evolved in different human populations over time,connecting ancient population history with disease susceptibility in western Eurasians.To fill this gap in eastern Eurasians and provide deep insights into the evolutionary history of the populationspecific genetic basis of complex biological traits,we explored the evolutionary basis of adaptive traits in one integrative modern and ancient genomic database,including 225 out of 5583 genomes first reported here.We comprehensively characterized the demographic history and biological adaptation of Han Chinese individuals on the Mongolian Plateau based on the allele frequency spectrum and haplotype-resolved fragments.We found strong genetic homogeneity among geographically different Han populations from Inner Mongolia(IMH).We reconstructed their admixture models and demographic events,revealing that IMH had a close genetic relationship with ancient millet farmers and obtained additional gene flow from Altaic-speaking populations.The enrichment of selected candidate genes suggested that essential metabolism-related genes promoted the rapid adaptation of eastern Eurasians to ancient environmental shifts and dietary changes during agricultural innovations.Evolutionary trajectory reconstruction of metabolism-related genes of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase(MTHFR)and fatty acid desaturase 1(FADS1)suggested that ancient dietary shifts during the Neolithic transition period promoted the differentiated metabolic rate of folate and fatty acid.We revealed the polygenicity of biological adaptation traits and the pleiotropy of adaptive genes,indicating that complex recent polygenic adaptations,genetic interactions,and genotype–phenotype correlations have contributed to the genetic architecture of complex traits in eastern Eurasians.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB29040201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(81901680)。
文摘As of this writing,the world is currently experiencing a huge wave of infection with the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2.Two SARS-CoV-2inactivated vaccines(IAVs,CoronaVac by Sinovac and BBIBP-CorV by Sinopharm)with a two-dose vaccination regimen,one recombinant protein subunit vaccine(PRV,ZF2001 by Anhui Zhifei Longcom)with a three-dose vaccination regimen,and one single-dose recombinant adenovirus-vectored vaccine(AdV.Convidecia by Cansino)have been given conditional approval for general public use or approved for emergency use by China[1].These four vaccines form the core of China's vaccination program.It has been reported that Omicron extensively escapes vaccine neutralization,and a booster shot seems to be necessary[2.3].It is urgent to discover a superior booster strategy in China's current vaccination program context to fight against the Omicron variant.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant numbers 81860258 and 31860300]Joint Special Funds for the Department of Science and Technology of Yunnan Province-Kunming Medical University[grant numbers 2017FE467(-022),2018FE001(-131)and 2019FE001(-011)]+3 种基金Yunnan Educational Science Foundation program[grant numbers 2018JS170 and 2018JS171]Yunnan Provincial Young Academic and Technical Leader Reserve Talent Project[grant number 2018HB104]Hundred-Talent Program of Kunming Medical University[grant number 60117190447]Science and Technology Innovation Group of Kunming Medical University[grant number CXTD201803].
文摘X chromosomal short tandem repeats(X-STRs)have the characteristics of both autosomal and uniparental genetic markers and have been shown to be particularly useful in forensic casework.However,relevant research or reports have not focused on X-STRs in the Hani population.To investigate the genetic variation and forensic efficiency of 16 X-STR loci in the Hani ethnic minority,we calculated the allele frequencies and forensic parameters of 451(116 males and 335 females)unrelated healthy Hani individuals from Yunnan Province,Southwest China.All these loci are highly polymorphic in Hani individuals in Yunnan Province except DXS6800.The combined power of discrimination in males(PDM)and power of discrimination in females(PDF)were found to be 0.999999998433993 and 0.999999999999998,respectively.Furthermore,a population genetic structure investigation between the Yunnan Hani population and another 18 populations was performed using a principal component analysis,multidimensional scaling plot and neighbouring-joining phylogenetic tree and the findings illustrated that neighbouring populations and different nationalities in the same area appeared to have a closer evolutionary relationship.This study provides the first batch of X chromosome genetic polymorphism data of the Hani population in Yunnan Province,Southwest China and enriches the reference database of the Chinese minority population.
