Aggregation of nanoparticles is a serious problem in their applications.In this article,stability of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles(AgNPs)was initially studied with different concentrations of sodium chloride(NaC...Aggregation of nanoparticles is a serious problem in their applications.In this article,stability of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles(AgNPs)was initially studied with different concentrations of sodium chloride(NaCl).Surfactant screening showed that polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)was an ideal stabilizer,which not only was effective at a low concentration(0.1%,V/V),but also could protect silver colloids from aggregation for a long period at 1 mol•L^(−1) NaCl,and 6 h even at 3 mol•L^(−1) NaCl.However,some other surfactants,such as sodium dodecyl(SDS),Triton X-100,Tween-20,and Tween-80,could not prevent AgNPs from aggregation even at a high concentration up to 0.5%(V/V).This AgNPs stabilizer is simple and convenient for a variety of applications compared with others.展开更多
Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-infected individuals exhibit remarkable transcriptomic variation.Transcriptome analyses of antiretroviral therapy(ART)-free chronically infected HIV-1 patients with different clinical...Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-infected individuals exhibit remarkable transcriptomic variation.Transcriptome analyses of antiretroviral therapy(ART)-free chronically infected HIV-1 patients with different clinical outcomes are likely to aid the development of vaccine and immune therapies.Here,we performed microarray analyses on whole-blood derived RNA from 89 ART-free HIV-1-infected individuals from 2 cohorts.The differentially expressed genes were analyzed between long-term non-progressors,viremic non-progressors and typical progressors,and between elite controllers and non-elite controllers among the long-term nonprogressors.Several genes related to T-cell growth,proliferation and differentiation and antiapoptosis were upregulated,whereas interferon-stimulated genes and inflammatory genes were significantly downregulated in long-term non-progressors and viremic non-progressors.The observations above were further confirmed in the set of 261 genes that correlated with disease progression during a 5-year follow-up,which included 51 genes significantly associated with slower disease progression,and 210 genes associated with aggressive disease progression.Overall,our data suggest that it is vital to maintain the homeostasis of the immune system when mounting antiviral immune responses.Immune therapeutics able to reconstruct immune homeostasis are likely to be required for immune reconstitution in the context of ART,such as the administration of interleukin-7,healthy allogenic CD4^(+)T cells(providing CD4^(+)T-cell growth factors),or Tregs.展开更多
基金This work is supported by the State High-Tech Research and Development Plan(863)(grant No.2012AA02A104)Cultivation and Construction of Key Subjects of Horticulture in Shanghai(B209)Foundation for Innovation in Science and Technology,Shanghai Jiao Tong University.
文摘Aggregation of nanoparticles is a serious problem in their applications.In this article,stability of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles(AgNPs)was initially studied with different concentrations of sodium chloride(NaCl).Surfactant screening showed that polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)was an ideal stabilizer,which not only was effective at a low concentration(0.1%,V/V),but also could protect silver colloids from aggregation for a long period at 1 mol•L^(−1) NaCl,and 6 h even at 3 mol•L^(−1) NaCl.However,some other surfactants,such as sodium dodecyl(SDS),Triton X-100,Tween-20,and Tween-80,could not prevent AgNPs from aggregation even at a high concentration up to 0.5%(V/V).This AgNPs stabilizer is simple and convenient for a variety of applications compared with others.
基金This work was supported by the National Grand Program on Key Infectious Disease Control(No.2017ZX10202102)the National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.81561128008).
文摘Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-infected individuals exhibit remarkable transcriptomic variation.Transcriptome analyses of antiretroviral therapy(ART)-free chronically infected HIV-1 patients with different clinical outcomes are likely to aid the development of vaccine and immune therapies.Here,we performed microarray analyses on whole-blood derived RNA from 89 ART-free HIV-1-infected individuals from 2 cohorts.The differentially expressed genes were analyzed between long-term non-progressors,viremic non-progressors and typical progressors,and between elite controllers and non-elite controllers among the long-term nonprogressors.Several genes related to T-cell growth,proliferation and differentiation and antiapoptosis were upregulated,whereas interferon-stimulated genes and inflammatory genes were significantly downregulated in long-term non-progressors and viremic non-progressors.The observations above were further confirmed in the set of 261 genes that correlated with disease progression during a 5-year follow-up,which included 51 genes significantly associated with slower disease progression,and 210 genes associated with aggressive disease progression.Overall,our data suggest that it is vital to maintain the homeostasis of the immune system when mounting antiviral immune responses.Immune therapeutics able to reconstruct immune homeostasis are likely to be required for immune reconstitution in the context of ART,such as the administration of interleukin-7,healthy allogenic CD4^(+)T cells(providing CD4^(+)T-cell growth factors),or Tregs.
