With the proliferation of Android malware,the issue of traceability in malware analysis has emerged as a significant problem that requires exploration.By establishing links between newly discovered,unreported malware ...With the proliferation of Android malware,the issue of traceability in malware analysis has emerged as a significant problem that requires exploration.By establishing links between newly discovered,unreported malware and prior knowledge from existing malware data pools,security analysts can gain a better understanding of the evolution process of malware and its underlying reasons.However,in real-world scenarios,analyzing the traceability of malware can be complex and time-consuming due to the large volume of existing malware data,requiring extensive manual analysis.Furthermore,the results obtained from such analysis often lack explanation.Therefore,there is a pressing need to develop a comprehensive automated malware tracking system that can provide detailed insights into the tracking and evolution process of malware and offer strong explanatory capabilities.In this paper,we propose a knowledge graph-based approach that uses partial API call graphs comprising semantic and behavioral features to reveal the traceability relations among malware and provide explainable results for these relations.Our approach is implemented on a dataset of over 20,000 malware samples labeled with family information,spanning a time period of 10 years.To address the challenges associated with the complexity of analysis,we leverage prior knowledge from existing malware research and a branch pruning method on call graphs to reduce computational complexity and enhance the precision of explanations when determining traceability relations.展开更多
The mitochondrial genome(mitogenome)of hybrid grouper Epinephelus moara(♀)×Epinephelus tukula(♂),a new hybrid progeny,can provide valuable information for analyzing phylogeny and molecular evolution.In this stu...The mitochondrial genome(mitogenome)of hybrid grouper Epinephelus moara(♀)×Epinephelus tukula(♂),a new hybrid progeny,can provide valuable information for analyzing phylogeny and molecular evolution.In this study,the mitogenome was analyzed using PCR amplification and sequenced,then the phylogenetic relationship of E.moara(♀)×E.tukula(♂)and 35 other species were constructed using Maximum Likelihood and NeighborJoining methods with the nucleotide sequences of 13 conserved protein-coding genes(PCGs).The complete mitogenome of E.moara(♀)×E.tukula(♂)was 16695 bp in length,which contained 13 PCGs,2 rRNA genes,22 tRNA genes,a replication origin and a control region.The composition and order of these genes were consistent with most other vertebrates.Of the 13 PCGs,12 PCGs were encoded on the heavy strand,and ND6 was encoded on the light strand.The mitogenome of the E.moara(♀)×E.tukula(♂)had a higher AT nucleotide content,a positive AT-skew and a negative GC-skew.All protein initiation codons were ATG,except for COX and ND4(GTG),ATP6(CTG),and ND3(ATA).ND2,COXII,ND3,ND4 and Cytb had T as the terminating codon,COXIII’s termination codon was TA,and the remaining PCGs of that were TAA.All tRNA genes,except for the lacking DHU-arm of tRNASer(AGN),were predicted to form a typical cloverleaf secondary structure.In addition,sequence similarity analysis(99%identity)and phylogenetic analysis(100%bootstrap value)indicated that the mitochondrial genome was maternally inherited.This study provides mitogenome data for studying genetic,phylogenetic relationships and breeding of grouper.展开更多
文摘With the proliferation of Android malware,the issue of traceability in malware analysis has emerged as a significant problem that requires exploration.By establishing links between newly discovered,unreported malware and prior knowledge from existing malware data pools,security analysts can gain a better understanding of the evolution process of malware and its underlying reasons.However,in real-world scenarios,analyzing the traceability of malware can be complex and time-consuming due to the large volume of existing malware data,requiring extensive manual analysis.Furthermore,the results obtained from such analysis often lack explanation.Therefore,there is a pressing need to develop a comprehensive automated malware tracking system that can provide detailed insights into the tracking and evolution process of malware and offer strong explanatory capabilities.In this paper,we propose a knowledge graph-based approach that uses partial API call graphs comprising semantic and behavioral features to reveal the traceability relations among malware and provide explainable results for these relations.Our approach is implemented on a dataset of over 20,000 malware samples labeled with family information,spanning a time period of 10 years.To address the challenges associated with the complexity of analysis,we leverage prior knowledge from existing malware research and a branch pruning method on call graphs to reduce computational complexity and enhance the precision of explanations when determining traceability relations.
基金The Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province under contact No.2019GHY112063the Breeding Project of Shandong Province under contract No.2019LZGC020+1 种基金the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences under contract Nos 2020XT0601,2020TD19 and 2020TD25the Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute Research Fees under contract Nos 20603022019002 and 20603022020015
文摘The mitochondrial genome(mitogenome)of hybrid grouper Epinephelus moara(♀)×Epinephelus tukula(♂),a new hybrid progeny,can provide valuable information for analyzing phylogeny and molecular evolution.In this study,the mitogenome was analyzed using PCR amplification and sequenced,then the phylogenetic relationship of E.moara(♀)×E.tukula(♂)and 35 other species were constructed using Maximum Likelihood and NeighborJoining methods with the nucleotide sequences of 13 conserved protein-coding genes(PCGs).The complete mitogenome of E.moara(♀)×E.tukula(♂)was 16695 bp in length,which contained 13 PCGs,2 rRNA genes,22 tRNA genes,a replication origin and a control region.The composition and order of these genes were consistent with most other vertebrates.Of the 13 PCGs,12 PCGs were encoded on the heavy strand,and ND6 was encoded on the light strand.The mitogenome of the E.moara(♀)×E.tukula(♂)had a higher AT nucleotide content,a positive AT-skew and a negative GC-skew.All protein initiation codons were ATG,except for COX and ND4(GTG),ATP6(CTG),and ND3(ATA).ND2,COXII,ND3,ND4 and Cytb had T as the terminating codon,COXIII’s termination codon was TA,and the remaining PCGs of that were TAA.All tRNA genes,except for the lacking DHU-arm of tRNASer(AGN),were predicted to form a typical cloverleaf secondary structure.In addition,sequence similarity analysis(99%identity)and phylogenetic analysis(100%bootstrap value)indicated that the mitochondrial genome was maternally inherited.This study provides mitogenome data for studying genetic,phylogenetic relationships and breeding of grouper.
