The widespread use and casual disposal of nanoproducts increase human exposure to nanoparticles(NPs),posing potential health risks.When coming into contact with biofluid,NPs passively move in the bloodstream and reach...The widespread use and casual disposal of nanoproducts increase human exposure to nanoparticles(NPs),posing potential health risks.When coming into contact with biofluid,NPs passively move in the bloodstream and reach target organs and cells.The nano-bio interactions,distribution,and fate of NPs are highly dependent on their physicochemical properties after direct exposure into the systemic circulation.In this study,silver nanoparticles(AgNPs)and gold nanoparticles(AuNPs)with the same size,shape,surface chemistry,and particle number but different densities were co-exposed to mice to explore their blood circulation and liver accumulation.The co-exposure avoids the individual differences in a single-material exposure model.Post-exposure,Au remained longer in the bloodstream than Ag,while 92.2%of the injected dose(%ID)of Ag accumulated in the liver compared to 78.0%for Au.Over a span of 3 to 72 h,Ag content in bloodstream increased while Au was undetectable.In the liver,the%ID of Ag sharply decreased to 9.4%,while the%ID of Au remained nearly unchanged.We proved the gradual dissociation of AgNPs into Ag ions using a fluorescent probe.Therefore,density-dependent dynamics of NPs in the blood caused greater liver accumulation of low-density Ag.However,the gradual degradation of AgNPs contributes to a high degree of distribution of Ag in the body while the AuNPs remain sequestered in the liver.This study implies that the dynamic transformation of NPs complicates their density-dependent retention,which are plausible to determine the accumulation and biological effects to the organisms.展开更多
Themetal-organic frameworks(MOFs)MIL-100 andNH2-MIL-125 have hierarchical structure pores with high adsorption capacities and have therefore been suggested for drug delivery,gas storage,catalysis and chemical sensing....Themetal-organic frameworks(MOFs)MIL-100 andNH2-MIL-125 have hierarchical structure pores with high adsorption capacities and have therefore been suggested for drug delivery,gas storage,catalysis and chemical sensing.The widespread applications of these MOFs raise concerns about the possible release into the environment and subsequent human exposure.Yet,the available knowledge of the toxicity of these MOFs is rather scarce despite the encouraging applications.Here,we investigated the hematopoietic effects in different organs induced by MIL-100 and NH_(2)-MIL-125 in mice after intratracheal instillation.The hematopoietic cells in the bonemarrow(BM),lungs,and spleen were analyzed through flow cytometry method.Compared to NH2-MIL-125,MIL-100 triggered changes in more types of hematopoietic cells in the BM and spleen,but comparable changes in the lungs.In the BM and lungs,both the twoMOFs suppressedmyelopoiesis on day 1,but promotedmyelopoiesis on day 7.In the spleen,by contrast,continuous suppressedmyelopoiesis were found on day 1 and day 7.Moreover,changes in megakaryocyte progenitors(MkPs)were only detected in the lungs.These results unveil the potential disruption of hematopoietic homeostasis during inhalation of the two MOFs,which provided in vivo biological effect data for further evaluation of the biosafety of MOFs for future medical applications.展开更多
This study analyzed the function of different glutathione S-transferase(GST)isoforms and detoxification metabolism responses in Manila clam,Ruditapes philippinarum,exposed to 4 kinds of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon...This study analyzed the function of different glutathione S-transferase(GST)isoforms and detoxification metabolism responses in Manila clam,Ruditapes philippinarum,exposed to 4 kinds of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)single,and their mixtures for 15 days under laboratory conditions.13 kinds of GSTs in R.philippinarum were classified,and the results of tissue distribution indicated that 12 kinds of GSTs(except GST sigma 3)expressed most in digestive glands.We detected the m RNA expression levels of aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling pathway,and detoxification system in digestive glands of clams exposed to benzo[a]pyrene(Ba P),chrysene(CHR),benzo[a]anthracene(Ba A),benzo[b]fluoranthene(Bb F),and Ba P+CHR+Ba A+Bb F,respectively.Among these genes,we selected GST-sigma,GST-omega and GST-pi as potential indicators to Ba P;GST-sigma,GST-A and GST-rho to CHR;GST-pi,GST-sigma,GST-A,GST-rho and GST-microsomal to Ba A;GST-theta and GST-mu to Bb F;while GST-pi and GST-mu to the mixture of Ba P,CHR,Ba A and Bb F.Additionally,the bioaccumulation of PAHs in tissues increased remarkably over time,and showed an obvious doseeffect.Under the same concentration,the bioaccumulation in single exposure group was higher than that in mixture group,and the bioaccumulation of PAHs in tissues with different concentrations of stress was irregular.The results revealed the metabolic differences and bioaccumulation rules in clams exposed to four kinds of PAHs,and provided more valuable information for the PAHs risk assessment.展开更多
This research aims to investigate the pollution characteristic of PAHs in Xiaodian sewage irrigation area. The result shows that the concentrations ofPAHs range from 47.94 to 46432.85ng/g while that of the total compo...This research aims to investigate the pollution characteristic of PAHs in Xiaodian sewage irrigation area. The result shows that the concentrations ofPAHs range from 47.94 to 46432.85ng/g while that of the total components of the 16 kinds of PAHs are 5969.81ng/g. PAHs with for rings and more than 4 rings are the main and important pollutants in topsoils of Xiaodian District. The main input of PAHs is combustion source, and the main pollution source in this area is fired coal. The topsoils in Xiaodian District are polluted by human activity in varying degrees. 23 of all 31 topsoil samples have been heavily polluted, especially those located nearby developed industrial townships and irrigation channels.展开更多
Background Carbon emissions are the primary driver of climate change.As the world's largest carbon emitter,China faces huge challenges in reducing emissions.To address this,greening,defined as the expansion and en...Background Carbon emissions are the primary driver of climate change.As the world's largest carbon emitter,China faces huge challenges in reducing emissions.To address this,greening,defined as the expansion and enhancement of vegetation,has become a critical strategy for increasing carbon sequestration.However,the interregional inequity of“emitters generate income while greeners incur costs”creates a disincentive for both emission reduction and greening efforts.In this study,we evaluated the spatial and temporal dynamics of CO_(2)emissions and vegetation greening across China from 2001 to 2021.Building on these findings,we developed and compared two eco-compensation plans—stock-based and change-based—to mitigate interregional inequities between emitting and greening.Results From 2001 to 2021,China experienced a 210.23%increase in CO_(2)emissions according to EDGAR data,with high-emission and rapid-growth regions concentrated in East China.The disparity in CO_(2)emissions among provinces widened,with the Gini coefficient increasing from 0.37 to 0.39.In contrast to the CO_(2)emissions,MODIS data showed a 19.13%increase in vegetation net primary productivity(NPP),with high NPP in South China and significant NPP growth in Central and Western China.The disparity in vegetation NPP among provinces narrowed,with the Gini coefficient decreasing from 0.47 to 0.45.Regarding eco-compensation,stock-based compensation exhibited higher stability than change-based compensation,but both plans identified similar payers and recipients,with economically developed eastern provinces as the primary payers and less-developed western provinces as the largest recipients.Conclusions This study highlights the importance of eco-compensation mechanisms in addressing interregional inequities in carbon emissions and greening efforts across China.By taxing emitters and subsidizing greeners,eco-compensation could accelerate progress toward climate goals,promoting interregional equity and sustainable development.展开更多
Atmospheric particulate matter(PM)is considered a health hazard;however,the inadequate identification of the components of PM limits our understanding of its specific toxic pollutants.Herein,by combining three extract...Atmospheric particulate matter(PM)is considered a health hazard;however,the inadequate identification of the components of PM limits our understanding of its specific toxic pollutants.Herein,by combining three extraction solvents with different polarities(dichloromethane,hexane,and acetonitrile)and three ionization modes(electron ionization and the positive and negative modes of electrospray ionization),we comprehensively analyzed the organic chemicals in the PM_(2.5)and PM_(10)samples collected during summer and winter in Beijing.Suspect screening was facilitated by comparison with the mzCloud and the National Institute of Standards and Technology databases for tentatively characterizing chemical identities.Results showed that more compounds were identified in the winter PM_(2.5)/PM_(10)samples than in the summer samples and that PM_(2.5)contained a greater number of chemicals than PM_(10).Based on peak areas of compounds,the predominant pollutants in the winter PM_(2.5)/PM_(10)samples were phenols,amines,and aromatic compounds;however,significantly high responses of one phenol and two ester compounds were detected in the summer PM_(2.5)/PM_(10)samples.Based on the Tox21 toxicological database,a total of 60 identified pollutants were associated with 28 biological targets,and∼50%of the active compounds were phenolic and aromatic compounds.The biological targets most affected by these pollutants were related to metabolic homeostasis,reproduction,and developmental functions.This study underscores the importance of a multiapproach analysis in comprehensively identifying environmental pollutants and highlights the potential health risks posed by PM.展开更多
Cornus officinalis polysaccharides(CSP1)were isolated and purified,which were utilized as a modifier and stabilizer to prepare Cornus officinalis polysaccharides nano-selenium(CSP1-SeNPs).The structural properties of ...Cornus officinalis polysaccharides(CSP1)were isolated and purified,which were utilized as a modifier and stabilizer to prepare Cornus officinalis polysaccharides nano-selenium(CSP1-SeNPs).The structural properties of CSP1-SeNPs were characterized,and their anti-fatigue efficacy was evaluated.The successful preparation of CSP1-SeNPs was verified through material characterization,revealing a 96 nm mean particle size and superior stability.The maximum scavenging rates of CSP1-SeNPs on·DPPH,·OH,and·ABTS+free radicals were 96.5%,99.6%,and 94.7%.After 4 weeks of intervention,CSP1-SeNPs notably extended the exhaustive swimming duration in mice,markedly increased muscle and liver glycogen levels,and enhanced the activities of catalase(CAT),superoxide dismutase(SOD),and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)(p<0.05).Additionally,CSP1-SeNPs significantly reduced the levels of blood urea nitrogen(BUN),blood lactic acid(BLA),creatine kinase(CK),lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),and malondialdehyde(MDA)(p<0.05).Furthermore,CSP1-SeNPs significantly increased the content of short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)in mice feces.16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis revealed that CSP1-SeNPs reshaped the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota,significantly increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Roseburia,Bacteroides,Alloprevotella,Lachnospiraceae_uncultured,and Lactobacillus.In summary,CSP1-SeNPs could be utilized by the gut microbiota to exert anti-fatigue effects through promoting the proliferation of beneficial bacteria and the production of SCFAs.These findings provided a scientific foundation for considering CSP1-SeNPs as a potential prebiotic in the development of anti-fatigue functional foods.展开更多
Enveloped viruses have been the leading causative agents of viral epidemics in the past decade,including the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak.In epidemics caused by enveloped viruses,direct contact is a commo...Enveloped viruses have been the leading causative agents of viral epidemics in the past decade,including the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak.In epidemics caused by enveloped viruses,direct contact is a common route of infection,while indirect transmissions through the environment also contribute to the spread of the disease,although their significance remains controversial.Bridging the knowledge gap regarding the influence of interfacial interactions on the persistence of enveloped viruses in the environment reveals the transmission mechanisms when the virus undergoes mutations and prevents excessive disinfection during viral epidemics.Herein,from the perspective of the driving force,partition efficiency,and viral survivability at interfaces,we summarize the viral and environmental characteristics that affect the environmental transmission of viruses.We expect to provide insights for virus detection,environmental surveillance,and disinfection to limit the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.展开更多
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. XPDB0750300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 22036002, 22325606,22206037, 22106176, and 21527901)the Scientific Instrument and Equipment Developing Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.YJKYYQ20210020).
文摘The widespread use and casual disposal of nanoproducts increase human exposure to nanoparticles(NPs),posing potential health risks.When coming into contact with biofluid,NPs passively move in the bloodstream and reach target organs and cells.The nano-bio interactions,distribution,and fate of NPs are highly dependent on their physicochemical properties after direct exposure into the systemic circulation.In this study,silver nanoparticles(AgNPs)and gold nanoparticles(AuNPs)with the same size,shape,surface chemistry,and particle number but different densities were co-exposed to mice to explore their blood circulation and liver accumulation.The co-exposure avoids the individual differences in a single-material exposure model.Post-exposure,Au remained longer in the bloodstream than Ag,while 92.2%of the injected dose(%ID)of Ag accumulated in the liver compared to 78.0%for Au.Over a span of 3 to 72 h,Ag content in bloodstream increased while Au was undetectable.In the liver,the%ID of Ag sharply decreased to 9.4%,while the%ID of Au remained nearly unchanged.We proved the gradual dissociation of AgNPs into Ag ions using a fluorescent probe.Therefore,density-dependent dynamics of NPs in the blood caused greater liver accumulation of low-density Ag.However,the gradual degradation of AgNPs contributes to a high degree of distribution of Ag in the body while the AuNPs remain sequestered in the liver.This study implies that the dynamic transformation of NPs complicates their density-dependent retention,which are plausible to determine the accumulation and biological effects to the organisms.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22193053,42377386,and 22325606)the National Key Research and Development Programof China(No.2023YFA0915101)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB0750000).
文摘Themetal-organic frameworks(MOFs)MIL-100 andNH2-MIL-125 have hierarchical structure pores with high adsorption capacities and have therefore been suggested for drug delivery,gas storage,catalysis and chemical sensing.The widespread applications of these MOFs raise concerns about the possible release into the environment and subsequent human exposure.Yet,the available knowledge of the toxicity of these MOFs is rather scarce despite the encouraging applications.Here,we investigated the hematopoietic effects in different organs induced by MIL-100 and NH_(2)-MIL-125 in mice after intratracheal instillation.The hematopoietic cells in the bonemarrow(BM),lungs,and spleen were analyzed through flow cytometry method.Compared to NH2-MIL-125,MIL-100 triggered changes in more types of hematopoietic cells in the BM and spleen,but comparable changes in the lungs.In the BM and lungs,both the twoMOFs suppressedmyelopoiesis on day 1,but promotedmyelopoiesis on day 7.In the spleen,by contrast,continuous suppressedmyelopoiesis were found on day 1 and day 7.Moreover,changes in megakaryocyte progenitors(MkPs)were only detected in the lungs.These results unveil the potential disruption of hematopoietic homeostasis during inhalation of the two MOFs,which provided in vivo biological effect data for further evaluation of the biosafety of MOFs for future medical applications.
基金supported by the Key Technology Research and Development Program of Shandong Province(No.2018GHY115007)。
文摘This study analyzed the function of different glutathione S-transferase(GST)isoforms and detoxification metabolism responses in Manila clam,Ruditapes philippinarum,exposed to 4 kinds of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)single,and their mixtures for 15 days under laboratory conditions.13 kinds of GSTs in R.philippinarum were classified,and the results of tissue distribution indicated that 12 kinds of GSTs(except GST sigma 3)expressed most in digestive glands.We detected the m RNA expression levels of aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling pathway,and detoxification system in digestive glands of clams exposed to benzo[a]pyrene(Ba P),chrysene(CHR),benzo[a]anthracene(Ba A),benzo[b]fluoranthene(Bb F),and Ba P+CHR+Ba A+Bb F,respectively.Among these genes,we selected GST-sigma,GST-omega and GST-pi as potential indicators to Ba P;GST-sigma,GST-A and GST-rho to CHR;GST-pi,GST-sigma,GST-A,GST-rho and GST-microsomal to Ba A;GST-theta and GST-mu to Bb F;while GST-pi and GST-mu to the mixture of Ba P,CHR,Ba A and Bb F.Additionally,the bioaccumulation of PAHs in tissues increased remarkably over time,and showed an obvious doseeffect.Under the same concentration,the bioaccumulation in single exposure group was higher than that in mixture group,and the bioaccumulation of PAHs in tissues with different concentrations of stress was irregular.The results revealed the metabolic differences and bioaccumulation rules in clams exposed to four kinds of PAHs,and provided more valuable information for the PAHs risk assessment.
文摘This research aims to investigate the pollution characteristic of PAHs in Xiaodian sewage irrigation area. The result shows that the concentrations ofPAHs range from 47.94 to 46432.85ng/g while that of the total components of the 16 kinds of PAHs are 5969.81ng/g. PAHs with for rings and more than 4 rings are the main and important pollutants in topsoils of Xiaodian District. The main input of PAHs is combustion source, and the main pollution source in this area is fired coal. The topsoils in Xiaodian District are polluted by human activity in varying degrees. 23 of all 31 topsoil samples have been heavily polluted, especially those located nearby developed industrial townships and irrigation channels.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFF1300500)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS (2022195)
文摘Background Carbon emissions are the primary driver of climate change.As the world's largest carbon emitter,China faces huge challenges in reducing emissions.To address this,greening,defined as the expansion and enhancement of vegetation,has become a critical strategy for increasing carbon sequestration.However,the interregional inequity of“emitters generate income while greeners incur costs”creates a disincentive for both emission reduction and greening efforts.In this study,we evaluated the spatial and temporal dynamics of CO_(2)emissions and vegetation greening across China from 2001 to 2021.Building on these findings,we developed and compared two eco-compensation plans—stock-based and change-based—to mitigate interregional inequities between emitting and greening.Results From 2001 to 2021,China experienced a 210.23%increase in CO_(2)emissions according to EDGAR data,with high-emission and rapid-growth regions concentrated in East China.The disparity in CO_(2)emissions among provinces widened,with the Gini coefficient increasing from 0.37 to 0.39.In contrast to the CO_(2)emissions,MODIS data showed a 19.13%increase in vegetation net primary productivity(NPP),with high NPP in South China and significant NPP growth in Central and Western China.The disparity in vegetation NPP among provinces narrowed,with the Gini coefficient decreasing from 0.47 to 0.45.Regarding eco-compensation,stock-based compensation exhibited higher stability than change-based compensation,but both plans identified similar payers and recipients,with economically developed eastern provinces as the primary payers and less-developed western provinces as the largest recipients.Conclusions This study highlights the importance of eco-compensation mechanisms in addressing interregional inequities in carbon emissions and greening efforts across China.By taxing emitters and subsidizing greeners,eco-compensation could accelerate progress toward climate goals,promoting interregional equity and sustainable development.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFA0915100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22325606,22193050,42377386,21906166,21527901)+1 种基金the Scientific Instrument Developing Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.GSZXKYZB2024012)Strategy Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB0750100,XDB0750300).
文摘Atmospheric particulate matter(PM)is considered a health hazard;however,the inadequate identification of the components of PM limits our understanding of its specific toxic pollutants.Herein,by combining three extraction solvents with different polarities(dichloromethane,hexane,and acetonitrile)and three ionization modes(electron ionization and the positive and negative modes of electrospray ionization),we comprehensively analyzed the organic chemicals in the PM_(2.5)and PM_(10)samples collected during summer and winter in Beijing.Suspect screening was facilitated by comparison with the mzCloud and the National Institute of Standards and Technology databases for tentatively characterizing chemical identities.Results showed that more compounds were identified in the winter PM_(2.5)/PM_(10)samples than in the summer samples and that PM_(2.5)contained a greater number of chemicals than PM_(10).Based on peak areas of compounds,the predominant pollutants in the winter PM_(2.5)/PM_(10)samples were phenols,amines,and aromatic compounds;however,significantly high responses of one phenol and two ester compounds were detected in the summer PM_(2.5)/PM_(10)samples.Based on the Tox21 toxicological database,a total of 60 identified pollutants were associated with 28 biological targets,and∼50%of the active compounds were phenolic and aromatic compounds.The biological targets most affected by these pollutants were related to metabolic homeostasis,reproduction,and developmental functions.This study underscores the importance of a multiapproach analysis in comprehensively identifying environmental pollutants and highlights the potential health risks posed by PM.
基金Youth Talent Support Project of Henan Province(2021HYTP027)Henan Provincial Science and Technology Research Project(232102110134)+1 种基金Major Science and Technology Special Pro-jects in Henan Province(231100310200)Key R&D Projects in Henan Province(241111314200).
文摘Cornus officinalis polysaccharides(CSP1)were isolated and purified,which were utilized as a modifier and stabilizer to prepare Cornus officinalis polysaccharides nano-selenium(CSP1-SeNPs).The structural properties of CSP1-SeNPs were characterized,and their anti-fatigue efficacy was evaluated.The successful preparation of CSP1-SeNPs was verified through material characterization,revealing a 96 nm mean particle size and superior stability.The maximum scavenging rates of CSP1-SeNPs on·DPPH,·OH,and·ABTS+free radicals were 96.5%,99.6%,and 94.7%.After 4 weeks of intervention,CSP1-SeNPs notably extended the exhaustive swimming duration in mice,markedly increased muscle and liver glycogen levels,and enhanced the activities of catalase(CAT),superoxide dismutase(SOD),and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)(p<0.05).Additionally,CSP1-SeNPs significantly reduced the levels of blood urea nitrogen(BUN),blood lactic acid(BLA),creatine kinase(CK),lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),and malondialdehyde(MDA)(p<0.05).Furthermore,CSP1-SeNPs significantly increased the content of short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)in mice feces.16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis revealed that CSP1-SeNPs reshaped the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota,significantly increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Roseburia,Bacteroides,Alloprevotella,Lachnospiraceae_uncultured,and Lactobacillus.In summary,CSP1-SeNPs could be utilized by the gut microbiota to exert anti-fatigue effects through promoting the proliferation of beneficial bacteria and the production of SCFAs.These findings provided a scientific foundation for considering CSP1-SeNPs as a potential prebiotic in the development of anti-fatigue functional foods.
基金funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22036002,92043302,21577165,21906176)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2018M641495)Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDPB2002).
文摘Enveloped viruses have been the leading causative agents of viral epidemics in the past decade,including the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak.In epidemics caused by enveloped viruses,direct contact is a common route of infection,while indirect transmissions through the environment also contribute to the spread of the disease,although their significance remains controversial.Bridging the knowledge gap regarding the influence of interfacial interactions on the persistence of enveloped viruses in the environment reveals the transmission mechanisms when the virus undergoes mutations and prevents excessive disinfection during viral epidemics.Herein,from the perspective of the driving force,partition efficiency,and viral survivability at interfaces,we summarize the viral and environmental characteristics that affect the environmental transmission of viruses.We expect to provide insights for virus detection,environmental surveillance,and disinfection to limit the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
