Multifunctional semiconductors play an important role in developing advanced photoelectric technologies.In this work,based on an octahedral replacement strategy in chalcogenides,a new selenide semiconductor NaMn_(3)Ga...Multifunctional semiconductors play an important role in developing advanced photoelectric technologies.In this work,based on an octahedral replacement strategy in chalcogenides,a new selenide semiconductor NaMn_(3)Ga_(3)Se_(8)was rationally designed,and synthesized by the flux method.The compound crystallizes in the noncentrosymmetric(NCS)P_(6)space group,and is composed of unique prismatic[NaSe_(6)],octahedral[MnSe_(6)]and tetrahedral[GaSe_(4)]motifs,inheriting the stable three-dimensional framework built by the octahedral and tetrahedral units in the A^(Ⅰ)Mg_(3)^(Ⅱ)C_(3)^(Ⅲ)Q_(8)^(Ⅵ)family.NaMn_(3)Ga_(3)Se_(8)shows the largest known secondary nonlinear optical(NLO)response of~2.1×AgGaS_(2)(AGS)in the A^(Ⅰ)Mg_(3)^(Ⅱ)C_(3)^(Ⅲ)Q_(8)^(Ⅵ)family,and a high laser-induced damage threshold of~3.0×AGS.Meanwhile,the introduction of Mn2t with unpaired 3d electrons induces a strong red emission band(685–805 nm)under the excitation source of 496 nm,as well as a paramagnetic to antiferromagnetic(AFM)transition at 7.3 K.The results confirm that NaMn_(3)Ga_(3)Se_(8)possesses multifunctional features including significant NLO response,fluorescence emission and AFM properties,and illustrate that replacing octahedral units with approaching size and geometry(like[MgSe_(6)]and[MnSe_(6)])could be a feasible way to develop multifunctional chalcogenides.展开更多
The regulation of the burning rate pressure exponent for the ammonium perchlorate/hydroxylterminated polybutadiene/aluminum(AP/HTPB/Al)composite propellants under high pressures is a crucial step for its application i...The regulation of the burning rate pressure exponent for the ammonium perchlorate/hydroxylterminated polybutadiene/aluminum(AP/HTPB/Al)composite propellants under high pressures is a crucial step for its application in high-pressure solid rocket motors.In this work,the combustion characteristics of AP/HTPB/Al composite propellants containing ferrocene-based catalysts were investigated,including the burning rate,thermal behavior,the local heat transfer,and temperature profile in the range of 7-28 MPa.The results showed that the exponent breaks were still observed in the propellants after the addition of positive catalysts(Ce-Fc-MOF),the burning rate inhibitor((Ferrocenylmethyl)trimethylammonium bromide,Fc Br)and the mixture of Fc Br/catocene(GFP).However,the characteristic pressure has increased,and the exponent decreased from 1.14 to 0.66,0.55,and 0.48 when the addition of Ce-FcMOF,Fc Br and Fc Br/GFP in the propellants.In addition,the temperature in the first decomposition stage was increased by 7.50℃ and 11.40℃ for the AP/Fc Br mixture and the AP/Fc Br/GFP mixture,respectively,compared to the pure AP.On the other hand,the temperature in the second decomposition stage decreased by 48.30℃ and 81.70℃ for AP/Fc Br and AP/Fc Br/GFP mixtures,respectively.It was also found that Fc Br might generate ammonia to cover the AP surface.In this case,a reaction between the methyl in Fc Br and perchloric acid caused more ammonia to appear at the AP surface,resulting in the suppression of ammonia desorption.In addition,the coarse AP particles on the quenched surface were of a concave shape relative to the binder matrix under low and high pressures when the catalysts were added.In the process,the decline at the AP/HTPB interface was only exhibited in the propellant with the addition of Ce-Fc-MOF.The ratio of the gas-phase temperature gradient of the propellants containing catalysts was reduced significantly below and above the characteristic pressure,rather than 3.6 times of the difference in the blank propellant.Overall,the obtained results demonstrated that the pressure exponent could be effectively regulated and controlled by adjusting the propellant local heat and mass transfer under high and low pressures.展开更多
The effects of 5 lactic acid bacteria(LAB)fermentation on the pasting properties of glutinous rice flour were compared,and suitable fermentation strains were selected based on the changes of viscosity,setback value,an...The effects of 5 lactic acid bacteria(LAB)fermentation on the pasting properties of glutinous rice flour were compared,and suitable fermentation strains were selected based on the changes of viscosity,setback value,and breakdown value to prepare LAB compound starter cultures.The results revealed that Latilactobacillus sakei HSD004 and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus HSD005 had apparent advantages in increasing the viscosity and reducing the setback and breakdown values of glutinous rice flour.In particular,the compound starter created using the two abovementioned LAB in the ratio of 3:1 had better performance than that using a single LAB in improving the pasting properties and increasing the water and oil absorption capacity of glutinous rice flour.Moreover,the gelatinization enthalpy of the fermented samples increased significantly.For frozen glutinous rice dough stored for 28 days,the viscoelasticity of frozen dough prepared by compound starter was better than that of control dough,and the freezable water content was lower than that of control dough.These results indicate that compound LAB fermentation is a promising technology in the glutinous rice-based food processing industry,which has significance for its application.展开更多
The scarcity of highly effective and economical catalysts is a major impediment to the widespread adop-tion of electrochemical water splitting for the generation of hydrogen.MoS_(2),a low-cost candidate,suffers from i...The scarcity of highly effective and economical catalysts is a major impediment to the widespread adop-tion of electrochemical water splitting for the generation of hydrogen.MoS_(2),a low-cost candidate,suffers from inefficient catalytic activity.Nonetheless,a captivating strategy has emerged,which involves the en-gineering of heteroatom doping to enhance electrochemical proficiency.This investigation demonstrates a successful implementation of the strategy by combining ultrathin MoS_(2) nanosheets with Co and Ni dual single multi-atoms(DSMAs)grown directly on 2D N-doped carbon nanosheets(CoNi-MoS_(2)/NCNs)for the purpose of improving hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER).With the aid of a dual-atom doped bifunctional electrocatalyst,effective water splitting has been achieved across a broad pH range in electrolytes.The double doping of Co and Ni strengthens their interactions,thereby altering the electromagnetic composition of the host MoS_(2) and ultimately leading to improved electrocat-alytic activity.Additionally,the synergistic effect between NCNs and MoS_(2) nanosheets provided efficient electron transport channels for ions and an ample surface area with open voids for ion diffusion.Con-sequently,the CoNi-MoS_(2)/NCNs catalysts demonstrated exceptional stability and activity,producing low degree overpotentials of 180.5,124.9,and 196.4 mV for HER and 200,203,and 207 mV for OER in neu-tral,alkaline,and acidic mediums,respectively,while also exhibiting outstanding overall water-splitting performance,durability,and stability when used as an electrolyzer at universal pH.展开更多
The traditional methods for synthesizing flexible heat exchanger networks(HENs)are not directly applicable to inter-plant HEN challenges,primarily due to the spread of system uncertainty across plants via intermedium ...The traditional methods for synthesizing flexible heat exchanger networks(HENs)are not directly applicable to inter-plant HEN challenges,primarily due to the spread of system uncertainty across plants via intermedium fluid circles.This complicates the synthesis process significantly.To tackle this issue,this study proposes a decomposed stepwise methodology to facilitate the flexible synthesis of the interplant HENs performing indirect heat integration.A decomposition strategy is proposed to divide the overall network into manageable sub-networks by dissecting the intermedium fluid circles.To address the variability in intermedium fluid temperatures,a temperature fluctuation analysis approach is developed and a heuristic rule is introduced to maintain the temperature feasibility of the intermedium fluids.To ensure adequate flexibility and cost-effectiveness of the designed networks,flexibility analysis and network retrofit steps are conducted through model-based optimization techniques.The efficacy of the method is demonstrated through two case studies,showing its potential in achieving the desired operational flexibility for inter-plant HENs.展开更多
Drought stress is one of the main factors limiting yield in tea plants. The plant cell's ability to preserve K^+homeostasis is an important strategy for coping with drought stress. Plasma membrane H^+-ATPase in th...Drought stress is one of the main factors limiting yield in tea plants. The plant cell's ability to preserve K^+homeostasis is an important strategy for coping with drought stress. Plasma membrane H^+-ATPase in the mesophyll cell is important for maintaining membrane potential to regulate K^+transmembrane transport. However, no research to date has investigated the possible relationship between plasma membrane H^+-ATPase and mesophyll K^+retention in tea plants under drought and subsequent rehydration conditions. In our experiment, drought stress inhibited plasma membrane H^+-ATPase activities and induced net H^+influx, leading to membrane potential depolarization and inducing a massive K^+efflux in tea plant mesophyll cells. Subsequent rehydration increased plasma membrane H^+-ATPase activity and induced net H^+efflux, leading to membrane potential hyperpolarization and thus lowering K^+loss. A first downregulated and then upregulated plasma membrane H^+-ATPase protein expression level was also observed under drought and subsequent rehydration treatment, a finding in agreement with the change of measured plasma membrane H^+-ATPase activities. Taken together, our results suggest that maintenance of mesophyll K^+in tea plants under drought and rehydration is associated with regulation of plasma membrane H^+-ATPase activity.展开更多
Flaky and nanospherical birnessite and birnessite-supported Pt catalysts were successfully prepared and characterized by means of Xray diffraction （XRD）,transmission electron microscopy （TEM）,energy dispersive spe...Flaky and nanospherical birnessite and birnessite-supported Pt catalysts were successfully prepared and characterized by means of Xray diffraction （XRD）,transmission electron microscopy （TEM）,energy dispersive spectroscopy （EDS） and N2 adsorption-desorption.Effects of the birnessite morphology and Pt reduction method on the catalytic activity for the complete oxidation of formaldehyde （HCHO） were investigated.It was found that flaky birnessite exhibited higher catalytic activity than nanospherical birnessite.The promoting effect of Pt on the birnessite catalyst indicated that the reduction method of the Pt precursor greatly influenced the catalytic performance.Flaky birnessite-supported Pt nanoparticles reduced by KBH 4 showed the highest catalytic activity and could completely oxidize HCHO into CO2 and H2O at 50℃,whereas the sample reduced using H2-plasma showed lower activity for HCHO oxidation.The differences in catalytic activity of these materials were jointly attributed to the effects of pore structure,surface active sites exposed to HCHO and the dispersion of Pt nanoparticles.展开更多
Over the last three decades,flexibility and controllability considerations for heat exchanger networks(HENs)have received great attention,respectively.However,they should be simultaneously incorporated in HEN synthesi...Over the last three decades,flexibility and controllability considerations for heat exchanger networks(HENs)have received great attention,respectively.However,they should be simultaneously incorporated in HEN synthesis to allow the economic performance to be achievable in a practical operating environment.This paper proposes a method for simultaneous synthesis of flexible and controllable HEN by considering their coupling.The key idea is to add the bypasses with optimized initial fractions and positions to explore such coupling,and consequently enabling HENs to be operated successfully over a range of disturbance variations.These are implemented by identifying and quantifying disturbance propagations,and then examining the sensitivity of bypasses to the entire HEN.In this way,the superstructurebased mixed integer non-linear programming(MINLP)with objective function of minimizing the total annual cost is formulated.A case study is used to demonstrate the application of the proposed method.Quantitative measures and dynamic simulation show the ability to provide the satisfactory flexibility and controllability of the obtained HEN.展开更多
In this research,the tribocorrosion behavior of 316L stainless steel in simulated seawater was investigated under continuous and intermittent sliding at open circuit potential.The tribocorrosion mechanism was discusse...In this research,the tribocorrosion behavior of 316L stainless steel in simulated seawater was investigated under continuous and intermittent sliding at open circuit potential.The tribocorrosion mechanism was discussed in terms of wear morphologies,mechanical property as well as chemical composition.Meanwhile,microstructure evolution inside the wear track and open circuit potential recorded after sliding were analyzed to quantify the repassivation kinetics and evaluate the impact of the regenerated passive film on wear.The results showed that the wear rate increased under intermittent sliding when the pause time is long enough to repassivate after sliding.Repeated sliding promoted the refinement of the grain inside the sliding area,which was beneficial to the generation of the thicker and more compact passive film inside the wear track.The ruptured passive film often acted as abrasives during subsequent sliding.Therefore,the accelerated material loss under intermittent sliding was attributed to the periodic mechanical removal of the thickened passive film and the enhanced abrasive wear inside the wear track.展开更多
Flavonoids are critical secondary metabolites that determine the health benefits and flavor of tea,while chlorophylls are important contributors to the appearance of tea.However,transcription factors(TFs)that can inte...Flavonoids are critical secondary metabolites that determine the health benefits and flavor of tea,while chlorophylls are important contributors to the appearance of tea.However,transcription factors(TFs)that can integrate both chlorophyll biosynthesis and flavonoid accumulation in response to specific light signals are rarely identified.In this study,we report that the GOLDEN 2-LIKE TF pair,CsGLK1 and CsGLK2,orchestrate UV-B-induced responses in the chlorophyll biosynthesis and flavonoid accumulation of tea leaves.The absence of solar UV-B reduced the transcriptional expression of CsGLKs in the tea leaves and was highly correlated with a decrease in flavonoid levels(especially flavonol glycosides)and the expression of genes and TFs involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis and flavonoid accumulation.In vivo and in vitro molecular analyses showed that CsGLKs could be regulated by the UV-B signal mediator CsHY5,and could directly bind to the promoters of gene and TF involved in light-harvesting(CsLhcb),chlorophyll biosynthesis(CsCHLH,CsHEMA1,and CsPORA),and flavonoid accumulation(CsMYB12,CsFLSa,CsDFRa,and CsLARa),eventually leading to UV-B-induced responses in the chlorophylls and flavonoids of tea leaves.Furthermore,UV-B exposure increased the levels of total flavonoids,CsGLK1 protein,and expression of CsGLKs and target genes in the tea leaves.These results indicate that CsGLKs may modulate tea leaf characteristics by regulating chlorophyll biosynthesis and flavonoid accumulation in response to solar UV-B.As the first report on UV-B-induced changes in flavonoid and chlorophyll regulation mediated by CsGLKs,this study improves our understanding of the environmental regulations regarding tea quality and sheds new light on UV-B-induced flavonoid responses in higher plants.展开更多
In this paper, an efficient methodology for synthesizing the indirect work exchange networks(WEN) considering isothermal process and adiabatic process respectively based on transshipment model is first proposed. In co...In this paper, an efficient methodology for synthesizing the indirect work exchange networks(WEN) considering isothermal process and adiabatic process respectively based on transshipment model is first proposed. In contrast with superstructure method, the transshipment model is easier to obtain the minimum utility consumption taken as the objective function and more convenient for us to attain the optimal network configuration for further minimizing the number of units. Different from division of temperature intervals in heat exchange networks,different pressure intervals are gained according to the maximum compression/expansion ratio in consideration of operating principles of indirect work exchangers and the characteristics of no pressure constraints for stream matches. The presented approach for WEN synthesis is a linear programming model applied to the isothermal process, but for indirect work exchange networks with adiabatic process, a nonlinear programming model needs establishing. Additionally, temperatures should be regarded as decision variables limited to the range between inlet and outlet temperatures in each sub-network. The constructed transshipment model can be solved first to get the minimum utility consumption and further to determine the minimum number of units by merging the adjacent pressure intervals on the basis of the proposed merging methods, which is proved to be effective through exergy analysis at the level of units structures. Finally, two cases are calculated to confirm it is dramatically feasible and effective that the optimal WEN configuration can be gained by the proposed method.展开更多
To investigate the influence of mesopores towards the solidification of self-microemulsifying drug delivery system(SMEDDS), mesoporous silica nanospheres(MSNs) and Santa Barbara Amorphous-15(SBA-15) were compared. The...To investigate the influence of mesopores towards the solidification of self-microemulsifying drug delivery system(SMEDDS), mesoporous silica nanospheres(MSNs) and Santa Barbara Amorphous-15(SBA-15) were compared. The MSNs had hydrodynamic size of 195.35 ± 5.82 nm, and pore diameter of 2.70 nm. The SBA-15 had hydrodynamic size of 2312.19 ± 106.93 nm, and pore diameter of 10.91 nm. The MSNs and SBA-15 showed similar loading efficiency of SMEDDS containing sirolimus(SRL). However,MSNs had higher drug dissolution and in vivo absorption, with relative bioavailability of 174.62%. Thus,the length of mesopores played a more important role in solidification of SMEDDS as compared with the pore diameter. This study suggests that the SMEDDS-MSNs can be a potential candidate for oral administration of hydrophobic drugs.展开更多
NPR1 is an intersection of different disease resistance pathways and plays a key role in systemic-acquired resistance and induced systemic resistance. NPR1 regulates constitutive resistance and disease resistance dete...NPR1 is an intersection of different disease resistance pathways and plays a key role in systemic-acquired resistance and induced systemic resistance. NPR1 regulates constitutive resistance and disease resistance determined by resistant genes. In this paper, the mechanism of disease resistance of NPR1 genes and its analogs were described. The research status and progress of NPR1 transgenic crops were systematically discussed. The application prospect of NPR1 transgenic crops was also forecasted.展开更多
Due to the deterioration of serious energy dilemma,energy-conservation and emission–reduction have been the strategic target in the past decades,thus people have identified the vital importance of higher energy effic...Due to the deterioration of serious energy dilemma,energy-conservation and emission–reduction have been the strategic target in the past decades,thus people have identified the vital importance of higher energy efficiency and the influence of lower carbon development.Since work exchange network is a significant part of energy recovery system,its optima design will have dramatically significant effect on energy consumption reduction in chemical process system.With an extension of the developed transshipment model in isothermal process,a novel step-wise methodology for synthesis of direct work exchange network(WEN)in adiabatic process involving heat integration is first proposed in this paper,where a nonlinear programming(NLP)model is formulated by regarding the minimum utility consumption as objective function and optimizing the initial WEN in accordance with the presented matching rules to get the optimized WEN configuration at first.Furthermore,we focus on the work exchange network synthesis with heat integration to attain the minimal total annual cost(TAC)with the introduction of heat-exchange equipment that is achieved by the following strategies in sequence:introducing heat-exchange equipment directly,adjusting the work quantity of the adjacent utility compressors or expanders,and approximating upper/lower pressure limits consequently to obtain considerable cost savings of expanders or compressors and work utility.Finally,a case taken from the literature is studied to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.展开更多
Objective： To examine the effects of deltamethrin（DM） and tBHQ on the activation of Nrt2 and expression of GCS-HS in primary astrocytes. Methods： Rat primary astrocytes were treated with DM （10μmol/L） and tBHQ ...Objective： To examine the effects of deltamethrin（DM） and tBHQ on the activation of Nrt2 and expression of GCS-HS in primary astrocytes. Methods： Rat primary astrocytes were treated with DM （10μmol/L） and tBHQ （40μmol/L）, for 1 and 6 h respectively. Results： Analysis using immunofluorescent confocal microscopy revealed that tBHQ treatment led to a dramatic increase in the level of Nrt2. The ratio of cytoplasmic Nrt2 protein to nuclear Nrt2 protein was markedly reduced in astrocytes by either tBHQ or DM treatment. The level of Nrf2 was reduced by combined tBHQ with DM treatment for 1 h, but treatment the ratio of cytoplasmic Nrf2 protein to nuclear Nrf2 protein was increased compared with that of the tBHQ only. The expression of GCS-HS in astrocytes was not altered by DM or tBHQ or both in astrocytes. Conclusion： These findings demonstrated for the first time that Nrf2 was activated by pesticides and antioxidants in astrocytes, implicating a tote of Nrf2 in response to pesticide neurotoxicity ingla.展开更多
Acute myeloid leukemia(AML)is regarded as a stem cell disease.However,no one unique marker is expressed on leukemia stem cells(LSC)but not on leukemic blasts nor normal hematopoietic stem cells(HSC).CD34^(+)CD38^(-)wi...Acute myeloid leukemia(AML)is regarded as a stem cell disease.However,no one unique marker is expressed on leukemia stem cells(LSC)but not on leukemic blasts nor normal hematopoietic stem cells(HSC).CD34^(+)CD38^(-)with or without CD123 or CD44 subpopulations are immunophenotypically defined as putative LSC fractions in AML.Nevertheless,markers that can be effectively and simply held responsible for the intrinsical heterogeneity of LSC is still unclear.In the present study,we examined the frequency of three different LSC subtypes(CD34^(+)CD38^(-),CD34^(+)CD38^(-)CD123^(+),CD34^(+)CD38^(-)CD44^(+))in AML at diagnosis.We then validated their prognostic significance on the relevance of spectral features for diagnostic stratification,immune status,induction therapy response,treatment effect maintenance,and long^(-)term survival.In our findings,high proportions of the above three different LSC subtypes were all significantly characterized with low complete remission(CR)rate,high relapse/refractory rate,poor overall survival(OS),frequent FLT3^(-)ITD mutation,the high level of regulatory T cells(Treg)and monocytic myeloid^(-)derived suppressor cells(M^(-)MDSC).However,there was no significant statistical difference in all kinds of other clinical performance among the three different LSC groups.It was demonstrated that CD34^(+)CD38^(-)subpopulation without CD123 and CD44 might be held responsible for LSC and correlated with an imbalance of immune cell subsets in AML.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2024D01E30)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB0880000)+1 种基金the Open Fund of the Anhui Key Laboratory of Photonic Materials and Devices(AHKL2024KF02)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22475234,22335007,22193044 and 22361132544).
文摘Multifunctional semiconductors play an important role in developing advanced photoelectric technologies.In this work,based on an octahedral replacement strategy in chalcogenides,a new selenide semiconductor NaMn_(3)Ga_(3)Se_(8)was rationally designed,and synthesized by the flux method.The compound crystallizes in the noncentrosymmetric(NCS)P_(6)space group,and is composed of unique prismatic[NaSe_(6)],octahedral[MnSe_(6)]and tetrahedral[GaSe_(4)]motifs,inheriting the stable three-dimensional framework built by the octahedral and tetrahedral units in the A^(Ⅰ)Mg_(3)^(Ⅱ)C_(3)^(Ⅲ)Q_(8)^(Ⅵ)family.NaMn_(3)Ga_(3)Se_(8)shows the largest known secondary nonlinear optical(NLO)response of~2.1×AgGaS_(2)(AGS)in the A^(Ⅰ)Mg_(3)^(Ⅱ)C_(3)^(Ⅲ)Q_(8)^(Ⅵ)family,and a high laser-induced damage threshold of~3.0×AGS.Meanwhile,the introduction of Mn2t with unpaired 3d electrons induces a strong red emission band(685–805 nm)under the excitation source of 496 nm,as well as a paramagnetic to antiferromagnetic(AFM)transition at 7.3 K.The results confirm that NaMn_(3)Ga_(3)Se_(8)possesses multifunctional features including significant NLO response,fluorescence emission and AFM properties,and illustrate that replacing octahedral units with approaching size and geometry(like[MgSe_(6)]and[MnSe_(6)])could be a feasible way to develop multifunctional chalcogenides.
基金the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China grant number 51776175。
文摘The regulation of the burning rate pressure exponent for the ammonium perchlorate/hydroxylterminated polybutadiene/aluminum(AP/HTPB/Al)composite propellants under high pressures is a crucial step for its application in high-pressure solid rocket motors.In this work,the combustion characteristics of AP/HTPB/Al composite propellants containing ferrocene-based catalysts were investigated,including the burning rate,thermal behavior,the local heat transfer,and temperature profile in the range of 7-28 MPa.The results showed that the exponent breaks were still observed in the propellants after the addition of positive catalysts(Ce-Fc-MOF),the burning rate inhibitor((Ferrocenylmethyl)trimethylammonium bromide,Fc Br)and the mixture of Fc Br/catocene(GFP).However,the characteristic pressure has increased,and the exponent decreased from 1.14 to 0.66,0.55,and 0.48 when the addition of Ce-FcMOF,Fc Br and Fc Br/GFP in the propellants.In addition,the temperature in the first decomposition stage was increased by 7.50℃ and 11.40℃ for the AP/Fc Br mixture and the AP/Fc Br/GFP mixture,respectively,compared to the pure AP.On the other hand,the temperature in the second decomposition stage decreased by 48.30℃ and 81.70℃ for AP/Fc Br and AP/Fc Br/GFP mixtures,respectively.It was also found that Fc Br might generate ammonia to cover the AP surface.In this case,a reaction between the methyl in Fc Br and perchloric acid caused more ammonia to appear at the AP surface,resulting in the suppression of ammonia desorption.In addition,the coarse AP particles on the quenched surface were of a concave shape relative to the binder matrix under low and high pressures when the catalysts were added.In the process,the decline at the AP/HTPB interface was only exhibited in the propellant with the addition of Ce-Fc-MOF.The ratio of the gas-phase temperature gradient of the propellants containing catalysts was reduced significantly below and above the characteristic pressure,rather than 3.6 times of the difference in the blank propellant.Overall,the obtained results demonstrated that the pressure exponent could be effectively regulated and controlled by adjusting the propellant local heat and mass transfer under high and low pressures.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD2100902-3)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072258)+5 种基金Major Science and Technology Program of Heilongjiang(2020ZX08B02)Harbin University of Commerce“Young Innovative Talents”Support Program(2019CX062020CX262020CX27)the Central Financial Support for the Development of Local Colleges and Universities,Graduate Innovation Research Project of Harbin University of Commerce(YJSCX2021-698HSD)Training plan of Young Innovative Talents in Universities of Heilongjiang(UNPYSCT-2020218).
文摘The effects of 5 lactic acid bacteria(LAB)fermentation on the pasting properties of glutinous rice flour were compared,and suitable fermentation strains were selected based on the changes of viscosity,setback value,and breakdown value to prepare LAB compound starter cultures.The results revealed that Latilactobacillus sakei HSD004 and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus HSD005 had apparent advantages in increasing the viscosity and reducing the setback and breakdown values of glutinous rice flour.In particular,the compound starter created using the two abovementioned LAB in the ratio of 3:1 had better performance than that using a single LAB in improving the pasting properties and increasing the water and oil absorption capacity of glutinous rice flour.Moreover,the gelatinization enthalpy of the fermented samples increased significantly.For frozen glutinous rice dough stored for 28 days,the viscoelasticity of frozen dough prepared by compound starter was better than that of control dough,and the freezable water content was lower than that of control dough.These results indicate that compound LAB fermentation is a promising technology in the glutinous rice-based food processing industry,which has significance for its application.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52170157 and 52111530188)Natural Science Foundation of Shenzhen(No.JCYJ20220531095408020)+3 种基金Major Program of Jiangxi Provincial Department of Science and Technology(No.2022KSG01004)University-Industry Collaborative Education Program(No.220902016150653)Natural Science Foundation of Shenzhen(No.GXWD20201230155427003-20200802110025006)Start-up Grant Harbin Institute of Technology(Shenzhen)(Nos.IA45001007 and HA11409066).
文摘The scarcity of highly effective and economical catalysts is a major impediment to the widespread adop-tion of electrochemical water splitting for the generation of hydrogen.MoS_(2),a low-cost candidate,suffers from inefficient catalytic activity.Nonetheless,a captivating strategy has emerged,which involves the en-gineering of heteroatom doping to enhance electrochemical proficiency.This investigation demonstrates a successful implementation of the strategy by combining ultrathin MoS_(2) nanosheets with Co and Ni dual single multi-atoms(DSMAs)grown directly on 2D N-doped carbon nanosheets(CoNi-MoS_(2)/NCNs)for the purpose of improving hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER).With the aid of a dual-atom doped bifunctional electrocatalyst,effective water splitting has been achieved across a broad pH range in electrolytes.The double doping of Co and Ni strengthens their interactions,thereby altering the electromagnetic composition of the host MoS_(2) and ultimately leading to improved electrocat-alytic activity.Additionally,the synergistic effect between NCNs and MoS_(2) nanosheets provided efficient electron transport channels for ions and an ample surface area with open voids for ion diffusion.Con-sequently,the CoNi-MoS_(2)/NCNs catalysts demonstrated exceptional stability and activity,producing low degree overpotentials of 180.5,124.9,and 196.4 mV for HER and 200,203,and 207 mV for OER in neu-tral,alkaline,and acidic mediums,respectively,while also exhibiting outstanding overall water-splitting performance,durability,and stability when used as an electrolyzer at universal pH.
基金financial support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22378045,22178045).
文摘The traditional methods for synthesizing flexible heat exchanger networks(HENs)are not directly applicable to inter-plant HEN challenges,primarily due to the spread of system uncertainty across plants via intermedium fluid circles.This complicates the synthesis process significantly.To tackle this issue,this study proposes a decomposed stepwise methodology to facilitate the flexible synthesis of the interplant HENs performing indirect heat integration.A decomposition strategy is proposed to divide the overall network into manageable sub-networks by dissecting the intermedium fluid circles.To address the variability in intermedium fluid temperatures,a temperature fluctuation analysis approach is developed and a heuristic rule is introduced to maintain the temperature feasibility of the intermedium fluids.To ensure adequate flexibility and cost-effectiveness of the designed networks,flexibility analysis and network retrofit steps are conducted through model-based optimization techniques.The efficacy of the method is demonstrated through two case studies,showing its potential in achieving the desired operational flexibility for inter-plant HENs.
基金supported mainly by the Science Foundation for Anhui Province(KJ2017A126)to Xianchen Zhang the Opening Fund of State Key Lab of Tea Plants Biology and Utilization at Anhui Agricultural University(SKLTOF20170112)to Honghong Wu+1 种基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11008389)the National Basic Research Program of China(11000206)to Xiaochun Wan
文摘Drought stress is one of the main factors limiting yield in tea plants. The plant cell's ability to preserve K^+homeostasis is an important strategy for coping with drought stress. Plasma membrane H^+-ATPase in the mesophyll cell is important for maintaining membrane potential to regulate K^+transmembrane transport. However, no research to date has investigated the possible relationship between plasma membrane H^+-ATPase and mesophyll K^+retention in tea plants under drought and subsequent rehydration conditions. In our experiment, drought stress inhibited plasma membrane H^+-ATPase activities and induced net H^+influx, leading to membrane potential depolarization and inducing a massive K^+efflux in tea plant mesophyll cells. Subsequent rehydration increased plasma membrane H^+-ATPase activity and induced net H^+efflux, leading to membrane potential hyperpolarization and thus lowering K^+loss. A first downregulated and then upregulated plasma membrane H^+-ATPase protein expression level was also observed under drought and subsequent rehydration treatment, a finding in agreement with the change of measured plasma membrane H^+-ATPase activities. Taken together, our results suggest that maintenance of mesophyll K^+in tea plants under drought and rehydration is associated with regulation of plasma membrane H^+-ATPase activity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20871118,21007076)the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) (No. KSCX2-YW-G-059)+1 种基金the National Basic Research Program (973) of China (No.2010CB934103)the "Hundred Talents Program" of CAS
文摘Flaky and nanospherical birnessite and birnessite-supported Pt catalysts were successfully prepared and characterized by means of Xray diffraction （XRD）,transmission electron microscopy （TEM）,energy dispersive spectroscopy （EDS） and N2 adsorption-desorption.Effects of the birnessite morphology and Pt reduction method on the catalytic activity for the complete oxidation of formaldehyde （HCHO） were investigated.It was found that flaky birnessite exhibited higher catalytic activity than nanospherical birnessite.The promoting effect of Pt on the birnessite catalyst indicated that the reduction method of the Pt precursor greatly influenced the catalytic performance.Flaky birnessite-supported Pt nanoparticles reduced by KBH 4 showed the highest catalytic activity and could completely oxidize HCHO into CO2 and H2O at 50℃,whereas the sample reduced using H2-plasma showed lower activity for HCHO oxidation.The differences in catalytic activity of these materials were jointly attributed to the effects of pore structure,surface active sites exposed to HCHO and the dispersion of Pt nanoparticles.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21576036,21776035)
文摘Over the last three decades,flexibility and controllability considerations for heat exchanger networks(HENs)have received great attention,respectively.However,they should be simultaneously incorporated in HEN synthesis to allow the economic performance to be achievable in a practical operating environment.This paper proposes a method for simultaneous synthesis of flexible and controllable HEN by considering their coupling.The key idea is to add the bypasses with optimized initial fractions and positions to explore such coupling,and consequently enabling HENs to be operated successfully over a range of disturbance variations.These are implemented by identifying and quantifying disturbance propagations,and then examining the sensitivity of bypasses to the entire HEN.In this way,the superstructurebased mixed integer non-linear programming(MINLP)with objective function of minimizing the total annual cost is formulated.A case study is used to demonstrate the application of the proposed method.Quantitative measures and dynamic simulation show the ability to provide the satisfactory flexibility and controllability of the obtained HEN.
基金A-class pilot of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA22010303)National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(No.52025014)+3 种基金CAS Interdisciplinary Innovation Team(No.292020000008)CASNST Joint Research Project(No.174433KYSB20200021)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51801226)K.C.Wong Education Foundation(No.GJTD-2019–13)。
文摘In this research,the tribocorrosion behavior of 316L stainless steel in simulated seawater was investigated under continuous and intermittent sliding at open circuit potential.The tribocorrosion mechanism was discussed in terms of wear morphologies,mechanical property as well as chemical composition.Meanwhile,microstructure evolution inside the wear track and open circuit potential recorded after sliding were analyzed to quantify the repassivation kinetics and evaluate the impact of the regenerated passive film on wear.The results showed that the wear rate increased under intermittent sliding when the pause time is long enough to repassivate after sliding.Repeated sliding promoted the refinement of the grain inside the sliding area,which was beneficial to the generation of the thicker and more compact passive film inside the wear track.The ruptured passive film often acted as abrasives during subsequent sliding.Therefore,the accelerated material loss under intermittent sliding was attributed to the periodic mechanical removal of the thickened passive film and the enhanced abrasive wear inside the wear track.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32072623,31700611)。
文摘Flavonoids are critical secondary metabolites that determine the health benefits and flavor of tea,while chlorophylls are important contributors to the appearance of tea.However,transcription factors(TFs)that can integrate both chlorophyll biosynthesis and flavonoid accumulation in response to specific light signals are rarely identified.In this study,we report that the GOLDEN 2-LIKE TF pair,CsGLK1 and CsGLK2,orchestrate UV-B-induced responses in the chlorophyll biosynthesis and flavonoid accumulation of tea leaves.The absence of solar UV-B reduced the transcriptional expression of CsGLKs in the tea leaves and was highly correlated with a decrease in flavonoid levels(especially flavonol glycosides)and the expression of genes and TFs involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis and flavonoid accumulation.In vivo and in vitro molecular analyses showed that CsGLKs could be regulated by the UV-B signal mediator CsHY5,and could directly bind to the promoters of gene and TF involved in light-harvesting(CsLhcb),chlorophyll biosynthesis(CsCHLH,CsHEMA1,and CsPORA),and flavonoid accumulation(CsMYB12,CsFLSa,CsDFRa,and CsLARa),eventually leading to UV-B-induced responses in the chlorophylls and flavonoids of tea leaves.Furthermore,UV-B exposure increased the levels of total flavonoids,CsGLK1 protein,and expression of CsGLKs and target genes in the tea leaves.These results indicate that CsGLKs may modulate tea leaf characteristics by regulating chlorophyll biosynthesis and flavonoid accumulation in response to solar UV-B.As the first report on UV-B-induced changes in flavonoid and chlorophyll regulation mediated by CsGLKs,this study improves our understanding of the environmental regulations regarding tea quality and sheds new light on UV-B-induced flavonoid responses in higher plants.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21576036 and 21776035)
文摘In this paper, an efficient methodology for synthesizing the indirect work exchange networks(WEN) considering isothermal process and adiabatic process respectively based on transshipment model is first proposed. In contrast with superstructure method, the transshipment model is easier to obtain the minimum utility consumption taken as the objective function and more convenient for us to attain the optimal network configuration for further minimizing the number of units. Different from division of temperature intervals in heat exchange networks,different pressure intervals are gained according to the maximum compression/expansion ratio in consideration of operating principles of indirect work exchangers and the characteristics of no pressure constraints for stream matches. The presented approach for WEN synthesis is a linear programming model applied to the isothermal process, but for indirect work exchange networks with adiabatic process, a nonlinear programming model needs establishing. Additionally, temperatures should be regarded as decision variables limited to the range between inlet and outlet temperatures in each sub-network. The constructed transshipment model can be solved first to get the minimum utility consumption and further to determine the minimum number of units by merging the adjacent pressure intervals on the basis of the proposed merging methods, which is proved to be effective through exergy analysis at the level of units structures. Finally, two cases are calculated to confirm it is dramatically feasible and effective that the optimal WEN configuration can be gained by the proposed method.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(Nos.2017J01822 and 2018J01347)Fujian Medical University(No.2017XQ1202)Fuzhou General Hospital(No.2017Q06)
文摘To investigate the influence of mesopores towards the solidification of self-microemulsifying drug delivery system(SMEDDS), mesoporous silica nanospheres(MSNs) and Santa Barbara Amorphous-15(SBA-15) were compared. The MSNs had hydrodynamic size of 195.35 ± 5.82 nm, and pore diameter of 2.70 nm. The SBA-15 had hydrodynamic size of 2312.19 ± 106.93 nm, and pore diameter of 10.91 nm. The MSNs and SBA-15 showed similar loading efficiency of SMEDDS containing sirolimus(SRL). However,MSNs had higher drug dissolution and in vivo absorption, with relative bioavailability of 174.62%. Thus,the length of mesopores played a more important role in solidification of SMEDDS as compared with the pore diameter. This study suggests that the SMEDDS-MSNs can be a potential candidate for oral administration of hydrophobic drugs.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(C2013301069)Financial Special Projects of Hebei Province(2012055004,2014055205,F16R2016024592)+2 种基金Key Technology Support Program of Hebei Province(16226303D-3)The Industry System of Hebei Province(HBCT2013030207)The State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology(CB2016A19)~~
文摘NPR1 is an intersection of different disease resistance pathways and plays a key role in systemic-acquired resistance and induced systemic resistance. NPR1 regulates constitutive resistance and disease resistance determined by resistant genes. In this paper, the mechanism of disease resistance of NPR1 genes and its analogs were described. The research status and progress of NPR1 transgenic crops were systematically discussed. The application prospect of NPR1 transgenic crops was also forecasted.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21576036,21406026)
文摘Due to the deterioration of serious energy dilemma,energy-conservation and emission–reduction have been the strategic target in the past decades,thus people have identified the vital importance of higher energy efficiency and the influence of lower carbon development.Since work exchange network is a significant part of energy recovery system,its optima design will have dramatically significant effect on energy consumption reduction in chemical process system.With an extension of the developed transshipment model in isothermal process,a novel step-wise methodology for synthesis of direct work exchange network(WEN)in adiabatic process involving heat integration is first proposed in this paper,where a nonlinear programming(NLP)model is formulated by regarding the minimum utility consumption as objective function and optimizing the initial WEN in accordance with the presented matching rules to get the optimized WEN configuration at first.Furthermore,we focus on the work exchange network synthesis with heat integration to attain the minimal total annual cost(TAC)with the introduction of heat-exchange equipment that is achieved by the following strategies in sequence:introducing heat-exchange equipment directly,adjusting the work quantity of the adjacent utility compressors or expanders,and approximating upper/lower pressure limits consequently to obtain considerable cost savings of expanders or compressors and work utility.Finally,a case taken from the literature is studied to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.
文摘Objective： To examine the effects of deltamethrin（DM） and tBHQ on the activation of Nrt2 and expression of GCS-HS in primary astrocytes. Methods： Rat primary astrocytes were treated with DM （10μmol/L） and tBHQ （40μmol/L）, for 1 and 6 h respectively. Results： Analysis using immunofluorescent confocal microscopy revealed that tBHQ treatment led to a dramatic increase in the level of Nrt2. The ratio of cytoplasmic Nrt2 protein to nuclear Nrt2 protein was markedly reduced in astrocytes by either tBHQ or DM treatment. The level of Nrf2 was reduced by combined tBHQ with DM treatment for 1 h, but treatment the ratio of cytoplasmic Nrf2 protein to nuclear Nrf2 protein was increased compared with that of the tBHQ only. The expression of GCS-HS in astrocytes was not altered by DM or tBHQ or both in astrocytes. Conclusion： These findings demonstrated for the first time that Nrf2 was activated by pesticides and antioxidants in astrocytes, implicating a tote of Nrf2 in response to pesticide neurotoxicity ingla.
基金approved by the Institutional Review Board(IRB)Institutional of the Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University(No.LLSC20140009).
文摘Acute myeloid leukemia(AML)is regarded as a stem cell disease.However,no one unique marker is expressed on leukemia stem cells(LSC)but not on leukemic blasts nor normal hematopoietic stem cells(HSC).CD34^(+)CD38^(-)with or without CD123 or CD44 subpopulations are immunophenotypically defined as putative LSC fractions in AML.Nevertheless,markers that can be effectively and simply held responsible for the intrinsical heterogeneity of LSC is still unclear.In the present study,we examined the frequency of three different LSC subtypes(CD34^(+)CD38^(-),CD34^(+)CD38^(-)CD123^(+),CD34^(+)CD38^(-)CD44^(+))in AML at diagnosis.We then validated their prognostic significance on the relevance of spectral features for diagnostic stratification,immune status,induction therapy response,treatment effect maintenance,and long^(-)term survival.In our findings,high proportions of the above three different LSC subtypes were all significantly characterized with low complete remission(CR)rate,high relapse/refractory rate,poor overall survival(OS),frequent FLT3^(-)ITD mutation,the high level of regulatory T cells(Treg)and monocytic myeloid^(-)derived suppressor cells(M^(-)MDSC).However,there was no significant statistical difference in all kinds of other clinical performance among the three different LSC groups.It was demonstrated that CD34^(+)CD38^(-)subpopulation without CD123 and CD44 might be held responsible for LSC and correlated with an imbalance of immune cell subsets in AML.
