High-bandwidth nano-positioning stages(NPSs)have boosted the advancement of modern ultra-precise,ultra-fast measurement and manufacturing technologies owing to their fast dynamic response,high stiffness and nanoscale ...High-bandwidth nano-positioning stages(NPSs)have boosted the advancement of modern ultra-precise,ultra-fast measurement and manufacturing technologies owing to their fast dynamic response,high stiffness and nanoscale resolution.However,the nonlinear actuation,lightly damped resonance and multi-axis cross-coupling effect bring significant challenges to the design,modeling and control of high-bandwidth NPSs.Consequently,numerous advanced works have been reported over the past decades to address these challenges.Here,this article provides a comprehensive review of high-bandwidth NPSs,which covers four representative aspects including mechanical design,system modeling,parameters optimization and high-bandwidth motion control.Besides,representative high-bandwidth NPSs applied to atomic force microscope and fast tool servo are highlighted.By providing an extensive overview of the design procedure for high-bandwidth NPSs,this review aims to offer a systemic solution for achieving operation with high speed,high accuracy and high resolution.Furthermore,remaining difficulties along with future developments in this fields are concluded and discussed.展开更多
Sonodynamic therapy(SDT)exhibits noninvasive and accuracy in cancer treatment,and has aroused widespread attention.However,the low quantum yield of inorganic sonosensitizers under ultrasound(US)stimulation leads to un...Sonodynamic therapy(SDT)exhibits noninvasive and accuracy in cancer treatment,and has aroused widespread attention.However,the low quantum yield of inorganic sonosensitizers under ultrasound(US)stimulation leads to unsatisfactory efficacy.In this work,an urchin-like piezoelectric ZnSnO_(3)/Cu_(3)P p-n heterojunction was constructed as an efficient sonosensitizer for enhanced SDT.The p-n heterojunction formation narrows the band bandgap and increases the piezoelectric property,which contribute to the promotion of carrier separation and suppression of carrier recombination,resulting in enhanced SDT.Moreover,under tumor microenvironment(TME)with over produced H_(2)O_(2)and glutathione(GSH),Cu_(3)P NNs induce chemodynamic therapy(CDT)by initiating a Fenton-like reaction and depleting GSH,leading to increased cellular oxidative damage.With the combination effect,the Zn Sn O_(3)/Cu_(3)P heterojunction demonstrates a 70%tumor growth inhibition rate in 4T1 tumor mice model.This piezoelectric heterojunction achieves the combined treatment of SDT and CDT,and opens new possibilities for the application of SDT in tumor therapy.展开更多
We present zircon ages and geochemical data for the Hongshishan Carboniferous Alaskan-type mafic–ultramafic complex exposed in the Beishan area along the Sino–Mongolian boundary, southern margin of the Central Asian...We present zircon ages and geochemical data for the Hongshishan Carboniferous Alaskan-type mafic–ultramafic complex exposed in the Beishan area along the Sino–Mongolian boundary, southern margin of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. This complex mainly consists of dunite,harzburgite, lherzolite, wehrlite, and gabbro, which intrudes Early Carboniferous volcanic rocks and reveals a zoned structure. Zircons of a gabbro sample yielded a 206Pb/238 U age of 357 ± 4 Ma, reflecting the time of Early Carboniferous magmatism. Zircon ages were also obtained for an andesite(322 ± 3 Ma) and a basaltic andesite(304 ± 2 Ma).High initial Nd isotope whole-rock values suggest that the Hongshishan gabbro [e_(Nd(t))= +9.6-+10.2] and basalt[eNd(t)= +10.0-+10.8] were derived from a depleted mantle source. Slightly lower eNd(t)values for the ultramafic rocks [eNd(t)= +8.5-+8.7] suggest some interaction of the parental magma with the continental crust. In contrast, the Late Carboniferous Quershan samples in this area represent subduction-related arc volcanic rocks with Adakite-like compositions. The early Carboniferous Hongshishan Alaskan-type complex was interpreted to represent the remnants of a magma chamber that crystallized at the base of a mature island arc, whereas the Quershan island arc volcanic rockssuggest the resurrection of the subduction process after arccontinent collision and uplift of the roots of the arc.展开更多
Ionic gels can be potentially used in wearable devices owing to their high humidity resistance and non-volatility.However,the applicability of existing ionic gel pressure sensors is limited by their low sensitivity.Th...Ionic gels can be potentially used in wearable devices owing to their high humidity resistance and non-volatility.However,the applicability of existing ionic gel pressure sensors is limited by their low sensitivity.Therefore,it is very import-ant to develop an ionic gel pressure sensor with high sensitivity and a wide pressure detection range without sacrificing mechan-ical stretchability and self-healing ability.Herein,we report an effective strategy for developing pressure sensors based on ion-ic gel composites consisting of high-molecular-weight polymers,ionic liquids,and Au nanoparticles.The resulting capacitive pressure sensors exhibit high pressure sensitivity,fast response,and excellent self-healing properties.The sensors composed of highly hydrophobic polymers and ionic liquids can be used to track underwater movements,demonstrating broad application prospects in human motion state monitoring and underwater mechanical operations.展开更多
Objective:Chimeric antigen receptor-modified T(CAR-T)cells have shown impressive results against relapsed/refractory B cell malignancies.However,the traditional manufacture of CAR-T cells requires leukapheresis to iso...Objective:Chimeric antigen receptor-modified T(CAR-T)cells have shown impressive results against relapsed/refractory B cell malignancies.However,the traditional manufacture of CAR-T cells requires leukapheresis to isolate large amounts of peripheral blood T cells,thus making some patients ineligible for the procedure.Methods:We developed a simple method for CAR-T cell preparation requiring small volumes of peripheral blood.First,CD3+T cells isolated from 50 mL peripheral blood from patients(B-cell malignancies)were stimulated with immobilized anti-CD3/RetroNectin in 6-well plates and then transduced with CAR-expressing lentiviral vector.After 4 d,the T cells were transferred to culture bags for large-scale CAR-T cell expansion.In vitro and animal experiments were performed to evaluate the activity of the manufactured CAR-T cells.Finally,29 patients with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia(B-ALL)and 9 patients with B-cell lymphoma were treated with the CAR-T cells.Results:The CAR-T cells were expanded to 1–3×10^(8) cells in 8–10 d and successfully killed B cell-derived malignant tumor cells in vitro and in vivo.For patients with B-ALL,the complete remission rate was 93%1 month after CAR-T cell infusion;after 12 months,the overall survival(OS)and leukemia-free survival rates were 69%and 31%,respectively.For patients with lymphoma,the objective response rate(including complete and partial remission)was 78%2 months after CAR-T cell infusion,and after 12 months,the OS and progression-free survival rates were 71%and 43%,respectively.Cytokine-release syndrome(CRS)occurred in 65.51%and 55.56%of patients with B-ALL and B-cell lymphoma,respectively;severe CRS developed in 20.69%of patients with B-ALL and in no patients with lymphoma.Conclusions:Our novel method can generate sufficient numbers of CAR-T cells for clinical use from 50–100 mL peripheral blood,thus providing an alternative means of CAR-T cell generation for patients ineligible for leukapheresis.展开更多
A fast,reliable,and cost-effective liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was established to determine the effects of the traditional Chinese medicine employed to treat coronavirus disease 2019,namely,L...A fast,reliable,and cost-effective liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was established to determine the effects of the traditional Chinese medicine employed to treat coronavirus disease 2019,namely,Lianhua Qingwen granules,Huoxiang Zhengqi capsules,Jinhua Qinggan granules,Shufeng Jiedu capsules,and Angong Niuhuang pills,on the pharmacokinetics of lopinavir/ritonavir in rats.Blood samples were prepared using the protein precipitation method and atazanavir was selected as the internal standard(IS).Separation was performed on an Agilent ZORBAX eclipse plus C18(2.1 mm×50 mm,1.8 μm)column using acetonitrile and water containing 0.1%formic acid as the mobile phase for gradient elution.The flow rate was 0.4 mL/min and the injection volume was 2 μL.Agilent Jet Stream electrospray ionization was used for mass spectrometry detection under positive ion multiple reaction monitoring mode at a transition of m/z 629.3→447.3 for lopinavir,m/z 721.3→296.1 for ritonavir,and m/z 705.4→168.1 for the IS.The method showed good linearity in the concentration range of 25→2500 ng/mL(r=0.9981)for lopinavir and 5e500 ng/mL(r=0.9984)for ritonavir.The intra-day and inter-day precision and accuracy were both within±15%.Items,such as dilution reliability and residual effect,were also within the acceptable limits.The method was used to determine the effects of five types of traditional Chinese medicines on the pharmacokinetics of lopinavir/ritonavir in rats.The pharmacokinetic results showed that the half-life of ritonavir in the groups administered Lianhua Qingwen granules and Huoxiang Zhengqi capsules combined with lopinavir/ritonavir was prolonged by approximately 1.5-to 2-fold relative to that in the control group.Similarly,the pharmacokinetic parameters of lopinavir were altered.Overall,the results of this study offer important theoretical parameters for the effective clinical use of five types of traditional Chinese medicines combined with lopinavir/ritonavir to reduce the occurrence of clinical adverse reactions.展开更多
There is increasing evidence indicating that melts derived from subducted oceanic crust and sediments may have played a key role in building continental crust. This mechanism predicts that juvenile arc crust should ha...There is increasing evidence indicating that melts derived from subducted oceanic crust and sediments may have played a key role in building continental crust. This mechanism predicts that juvenile arc crust should have oxygen isotope characteristics ranging from mantle-like to supracrustal, but consistent mantle-like radiogenic(Nd-Hf) isotopic signatures. Here we present in-situ zircon U-Pb dating, Hf-O isotope analyses, and whole rock major-trace element and Nd isotope analyses of a granitoid from NW India. In-situ secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) zircon U-Pb dating yields a weighted mean ^(207)Pb/^(206)Pb age of 873±6 Ma for the granitoid. It displays mantle-like zircon εHf(εHf(873 Ma)= +9.3 to +10.9) and whole-rock Nd(εNd(873 Ma)= +3.5) values but supracrustal δ^(18)O values, the latter mostly varying between 9‰ and 10‰. The calculated whole-rock δ^(18)O value of 11.3‰±0.6‰ matches well with those of hydrothermally-altered pillow lavas and sheeted dykes from ophiolites. The major and trace element composition of the granitoid is similar to petrological experimental melts derived from a mixture of MORB+sediments. Thus, the granitoid most likely represents the product of partial melting of the uppermost oceanic crust(MORB+sediments). We propose that the decoupling between Hf-Nd and O isotopes as observed in this granitoid can be used as a powerful tool for the identification of slab melting contributing to juvenile continental crustal growth. Such isotopic decoupling can also account for high δ^(18)O values observed in ancient juvenile continental crust, such as Archean tonalitetrondhjemite-granodiorite suites.展开更多
The rational construction of electrocatalysts with desired features is significant but challenging for superior water splitting at high current density. Herein, amorphous Co Ni S nanosheets are synthesized on nickel f...The rational construction of electrocatalysts with desired features is significant but challenging for superior water splitting at high current density. Herein, amorphous Co Ni S nanosheets are synthesized on nickel foam(NF) through a facile structure evolution strategy and present advanced performance at high current densities in water splitting. The high catalytic activity can be attributed to the sufficient active sites exposed by the flexible amorphous configuration. Moreover, the hydrophilicity and aerophobicity of a-CoNiS/NF promote surface wettability of the self-supporting electrode and avoid the aggregation of bubbles, which expedites the diffusion of electrolyte and facilitates the mass transfer. As a result, the optimized electrode demonstrates low overpotentials of 289 and 434 m V at 500 m A/cm^(2) under alkaline conditions for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) and oxygen evolution reaction(OER), respectively. Impressively, an electrolytic water splitting cell assembled by bifunctional a-Co Ni S/NF operates with a low cell voltage of 1.46 V@10 mA/cm^(2) and reaches 1.79 V at 500 mA/cm^(2). The strategy sheds light on a competitive platform for the reasonable design of non-precious-metal electrocatalysts under high current density.展开更多
Aluminum-ion batteries(AIBs)are promising next-generation batteries systems because of their features of low cost and abundant aluminum resource.However,the inferior rate capacity and poor all-climate performance,espe...Aluminum-ion batteries(AIBs)are promising next-generation batteries systems because of their features of low cost and abundant aluminum resource.However,the inferior rate capacity and poor all-climate performance,especially the decayed capacity under low temperature,are still critical challenges toward high-specific-capacity AIBs.Herein,we report a binder-free and freestanding metal-organic framework-derived FeS_(2)@C/carbon nanotube(FeS_(2)@C/CNT)as a novel all-climate cathode in AIBs working under a wide temperature window between−25 and 50℃ with exceptional flexibility.The resultant cathode not only drastically suppresses the side reaction and volu-metric expansion with high capacity and long-term stability but also greatly enhances the kinetic process in AIBs with remarkable rate capacity(above 151 mAh g^(−1) at 2 A g^(−1))at room temperature.More importantly,to break the bottleneck of the inherently low capacity in graphitic material-based all-climate AIBs,the new hierarchical conductive composite FeS_(2)@C/CNT highly promotes the all-climate performance and delivers as high as 117 mAh g^(−1) capacity even under−25°C.The well-designed metal sulfide electrode with remarkable performance paves a new way toward all-climate and flexible AIBs.展开更多
Metal and amino acid(AA),as two kinds of entities,have been widely involved in biomaterials and nanomedicines.Recently,the marriage of them has developed new nanoformulations,amino acid-metal coordinated nanomaterials...Metal and amino acid(AA),as two kinds of entities,have been widely involved in biomaterials and nanomedicines.Recently,the marriage of them has developed new nanoformulations,amino acid-metal coordinated nanomaterials(AMCNs),which show great biomedical application potential in cancer therapy,antibacterial applications,biomedical imaging,etc.With the respective characteristics of metal and AA with rich biological and chemical properties,AMCNs can not only act as drug carriers with specific tumor targeting ability,but also realize synergistic therapy and imaging-guided therapy.Although the design and synthesis of amino acid-metal coordinated nanomaterials have been in-depth investigated,there are few systematic reviews on their biomedical application.In this review,we give a comprehensive summary of recent progresses in the design,fabrication,and biomedical applications of AMCNs.We also propose the future outlooks and challenges in aforementioned field.We expect that this review would contribute some inspiration for future research and development for amino acid metal coordinated nanomaterials.展开更多
Background:The SPF10 LiPA-25 system for human papillomavirus(HPV)detection with high analytical perfor-mance is widely used in HPV vaccine clinical trials.To develop and evaluate more valent HPV vaccines,other compara...Background:The SPF10 LiPA-25 system for human papillomavirus(HPV)detection with high analytical perfor-mance is widely used in HPV vaccine clinical trials.To develop and evaluate more valent HPV vaccines,other comparable methods with simpler operations are needed.Methods:The performance of the LiPA-25 against that of other 7 assays,including 4 systems based on reverse hybridization(Bohui-24,Yaneng-23,Tellgen-27,and Hybribio-16)and 3 real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR)assays(Hybribio-23,Bioperfectus-21,and Sansure-26),was evaluated in selected 1726 cervical swab and 56 biopsy samples.A total of 15 HPV genotypes(HPV 6,11,16,18,31,33,35,39,45,51,52,56,58,59,and 66)were considered for comparison for each HPV type.Results:Among the swab samples,compared to LiPA-25,compatible genotypes were observed in 94.1%of samples for Hybribio-23,92.8%for Yaneng-23,92.6%for Bioperfectus-21,92.4%for Hybribio-16,91.3%for Sansure-26,89.7%for Bohui-24,and 88.0%for Tellgen-27.The highest overall agreement of the 15 HPV genotypes combined was noted for Hybribio-23(κ=0.879,McNemar’s test:P=0.136),followed closely by Hybribio-16(κ=0.877,P<0.001),Yaneng-23(κ=0.871,P<0.001),Bioperfectus-21(κ=0.848,P<0.001),Bohui-24(κ=0.847,P<0.001),Tellgen-27(κ=0.831,P<0.001),and Sansure-26(κ=0.826,P<0.001).Additionally,these systems were also highly consistent with LiPA-25 for biopsy specimens(all,κ>0.897).Conclusions:The levels of agreement for the detection of 15 HPV types between other 7 assays and LiPA-25 were all good,and Hybribio-23 was most comparable to LiPA-25.The testing operation of HPV genotyping should also be considered for vaccine and epidemiological studies.展开更多
Biliary tract infections(BTIs)present a significant therapeutic challenge,particularly in the face of increasing antimicrobial resistance.Bacteriophages,viruses that target and destroy bacteria,offer the potential for...Biliary tract infections(BTIs)present a significant therapeutic challenge,particularly in the face of increasing antimicrobial resistance.Bacteriophages,viruses that target and destroy bacteria,offer the potential for treating severe bacterial infections,although their use in BTIs has been limited.We describe an 88-year-old female with a complex and recurrent BTI caused by multiple bacteria,including multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Despite treatment with various antibiotics and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage(PTCD),her condition did not improve.As a final measure,we implemented personalized phage therapy in combination with antibiotics.An initial 9-day antibiotic treatment combined with a P.aeruginosa phage cocktail administered via PTCD fluid resulted in significant symptom relief.However,phage-resistant pathogens emerged,exhibiting resistance to all 100 double-stranded DNA(dsDNA)phages in our library due to genetic mutations affecting lipopolysaccharides biosynthesis.A second round of therapy with a double-stranded RNA(dsRNA)phage,phiYY,which targets O-antigen deficient mutants,was subsequently administered.Although complete eradication of P.aeruginosa was not achieved,the patient’s clinical symptoms were markedly improved.This case demonstrated the safety and efficacy of phage therapy in the treatment of BTIs and showcased the feasibility of employing dsRNA phages to combat the emergence of O-antigen-deficient bacterial mutants.However,it also underscores the considerable challenges in completely eradicating persistent P.aeruginosa infections,which may be attributed to bacterial heterogeneity,biofilm formation,and phage-resistant genetic mutations.展开更多
Rapid technological development and population growth are responsible for a series of imminent environmental problems and an ineluctable energy crisis.The application of semiconductor nanomaterials in photocatalysis o...Rapid technological development and population growth are responsible for a series of imminent environmental problems and an ineluctable energy crisis.The application of semiconductor nanomaterials in photocatalysis or photoelectrocatalysis(PEC)for either the degradation of contaminants in the environment or the generation of hydrogen as clean fuel is an effective approach to alleviate these problems.However,the efficiency of such processes remains suboptimal for real applications.Reasonable construction of a built-in electric field is considered to efficiently enhance carrier separation and reduce carrier recombination to improve catalytic performance.In the past decade,as a new method to enhance the built-in electric field,the piezoelectric effect from piezoelectric materials has been extensively studied.In this review,we provide an overview of the properties of piezoelectric materials and the mechanisms of piezoelectricity and ferroelectricity for a built-in electric field.Then,piezoelectric and ferroelectric polarization regulated built-in electric fields that mediate catalysis are discussed.Furthermore,the applications of piezoelectric semiconductor materials are also highlighted,including degradation of pollutants,bacteria disinfection,water splitting for H2 generation,and organic synthesis.We conclude by discussing the challenges in the field and the exciting opportunities to further improve piezo-catalytic efficiency.展开更多
Searching for advanced anode materials with excellent electrochemical properties in sodium-ion battery is essential and imperative for next-generation energy storage system to solve the energy shortage problem.In this...Searching for advanced anode materials with excellent electrochemical properties in sodium-ion battery is essential and imperative for next-generation energy storage system to solve the energy shortage problem.In this work,two-dimensional(2D)ultrathin FePS3 nanosheets,a typical ternary metal phosphosulfide,are first prepared by ultrasonic exfoliation.The novel 2D/2D heterojunction of FePS3 nanosheets@MXene composite is then successfully synthesized by in situ mixing ultrathin MXene nanosheets with FePS3 nanosheets.The resultant FePS3 nanosheets@MXene hybrids can increase the electronic conductivity and specific surface area,assuring excellent surface and interfacial charge transfer abilities.Furthermore,the unique heterojunction endows FePS3 nanosheets@MXene composite to promote the diffusion of Na^+ and alleviate the drastic change in volume in the cyclic process,enhancing the sodium storage capability.Consequently,the few-layered FePS3 nanosheets uniformly coated by ultrathin MXene provide an exceptional reversible capacity of 676.1 mAh g^−1 at the current of 100 mA g^−1 after 90 cycles,which is equivalent to around 90.6% of the second-cycle capacity(746.4 mAh g^−1).This work provides an original protocol for constructing 2D/2D material and demonstrates the FePS3@MXene composite as a potential anode material with excellent property for sodium-ion batteries.展开更多
Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)as a type of porous and crystalline covalent organic polymer are built up from covalently linked and periodically arranged organic molecules.Their precise assembly,welldefined coordina...Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)as a type of porous and crystalline covalent organic polymer are built up from covalently linked and periodically arranged organic molecules.Their precise assembly,welldefined coordination network,and tunable porosity endow COFs with diverse characteristics such as low density,high crystallinity,porous structure,and large specific-surface area,as well as versatile functions and active sites that can be tuned at molecular and atomic level.These unique properties make them excellent candidate materials for biomedical applications,such as drug delivery,diagnostic imaging,and disease therapy.To realize these functions,the components,dimensions,and vip molecule loading into COFs have a great influence on their performance in various applications.In this review,we first introduce the influence of dimensions,building blocks,and synthetic conditions on the chemical stability,pore structure,and chemical interaction with vip molecules of COFs.Next,the applications of COFs in cancer diagnosis and therapy are summarized.Finally,some challenges for COFs in cancer therapy are noted and the problems to be solved in the future are proposed.展开更多
With high catalytic activity and stability,nanozymes have huge advantage in generating or eliminating the reactive oxygen species(ROS)due to their intrinsic enzyme-mimicking abilities,therefore attracting wide attenti...With high catalytic activity and stability,nanozymes have huge advantage in generating or eliminating the reactive oxygen species(ROS)due to their intrinsic enzyme-mimicking abilities,therefore attracting wide attention in ROS-related disease therapy.To better design nanozyme-based platforms for ROSrelated biological application,we firstly illustrate the catalytic mechanism of different activities,and then introduce different strategies for using nanozymes to augment or reduce ROS level for the applications in cancer therapy,pathogen infection,neurodegeneration,etc.Finally,the challenges and future opportunities are proposed for the development and application of nanozymes.展开更多
The traces left by earthquakes in lacustrine sediments are studied to determine the occurrence of ancient earthquakes by identifying seismically induced soft-sediment deformation structures(SSDS).Dating can help recon...The traces left by earthquakes in lacustrine sediments are studied to determine the occurrence of ancient earthquakes by identifying seismically induced soft-sediment deformation structures(SSDS).Dating can help reconstruct the relative frequency of earthquakes.Identifying seismically induced seismites,which carry abundant seismic information from numerous SSDS,is both critical and challenging.Studying the deformation mechanism of SSDS and learning about the common criteria of seismically induced SSDS improve the identification of earthquake triggers.With better research into SSDS,seismic events can be effectively captured,and temporal constraints can be carried out by 14C dating and optically stimulated luminescence(OSL)dating to identify and date the occurrence of ancient earthquakes.The present contribution primarily addresses the meaning and mechanism of SSDS and their relationship with earthquake magnitude as well as the common criteria of the SSDS induced by earthquakes.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants 52335010,U2013211 and 52305486。
文摘High-bandwidth nano-positioning stages(NPSs)have boosted the advancement of modern ultra-precise,ultra-fast measurement and manufacturing technologies owing to their fast dynamic response,high stiffness and nanoscale resolution.However,the nonlinear actuation,lightly damped resonance and multi-axis cross-coupling effect bring significant challenges to the design,modeling and control of high-bandwidth NPSs.Consequently,numerous advanced works have been reported over the past decades to address these challenges.Here,this article provides a comprehensive review of high-bandwidth NPSs,which covers four representative aspects including mechanical design,system modeling,parameters optimization and high-bandwidth motion control.Besides,representative high-bandwidth NPSs applied to atomic force microscope and fast tool servo are highlighted.By providing an extensive overview of the design procedure for high-bandwidth NPSs,this review aims to offer a systemic solution for achieving operation with high speed,high accuracy and high resolution.Furthermore,remaining difficulties along with future developments in this fields are concluded and discussed.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation(No.82072065)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.E2EG6802X2)the National Youth Talent Support Program。
文摘Sonodynamic therapy(SDT)exhibits noninvasive and accuracy in cancer treatment,and has aroused widespread attention.However,the low quantum yield of inorganic sonosensitizers under ultrasound(US)stimulation leads to unsatisfactory efficacy.In this work,an urchin-like piezoelectric ZnSnO_(3)/Cu_(3)P p-n heterojunction was constructed as an efficient sonosensitizer for enhanced SDT.The p-n heterojunction formation narrows the band bandgap and increases the piezoelectric property,which contribute to the promotion of carrier separation and suppression of carrier recombination,resulting in enhanced SDT.Moreover,under tumor microenvironment(TME)with over produced H_(2)O_(2)and glutathione(GSH),Cu_(3)P NNs induce chemodynamic therapy(CDT)by initiating a Fenton-like reaction and depleting GSH,leading to increased cellular oxidative damage.With the combination effect,the Zn Sn O_(3)/Cu_(3)P heterojunction demonstrates a 70%tumor growth inhibition rate in 4T1 tumor mice model.This piezoelectric heterojunction achieves the combined treatment of SDT and CDT,and opens new possibilities for the application of SDT in tumor therapy.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.40703012,41030314)Geological Survey of China (Grant Nos.1212011120332,DD20160123-05)Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology (Grant 2012FY120100)
文摘We present zircon ages and geochemical data for the Hongshishan Carboniferous Alaskan-type mafic–ultramafic complex exposed in the Beishan area along the Sino–Mongolian boundary, southern margin of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. This complex mainly consists of dunite,harzburgite, lherzolite, wehrlite, and gabbro, which intrudes Early Carboniferous volcanic rocks and reveals a zoned structure. Zircons of a gabbro sample yielded a 206Pb/238 U age of 357 ± 4 Ma, reflecting the time of Early Carboniferous magmatism. Zircon ages were also obtained for an andesite(322 ± 3 Ma) and a basaltic andesite(304 ± 2 Ma).High initial Nd isotope whole-rock values suggest that the Hongshishan gabbro [e_(Nd(t))= +9.6-+10.2] and basalt[eNd(t)= +10.0-+10.8] were derived from a depleted mantle source. Slightly lower eNd(t)values for the ultramafic rocks [eNd(t)= +8.5-+8.7] suggest some interaction of the parental magma with the continental crust. In contrast, the Late Carboniferous Quershan samples in this area represent subduction-related arc volcanic rocks with Adakite-like compositions. The early Carboniferous Hongshishan Alaskan-type complex was interpreted to represent the remnants of a magma chamber that crystallized at the base of a mature island arc, whereas the Quershan island arc volcanic rockssuggest the resurrection of the subduction process after arccontinent collision and uplift of the roots of the arc.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Grant Nos.61874111,62174152 and 62022079)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2020YFB1506400)+1 种基金the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.2020115)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA16021200).
文摘Ionic gels can be potentially used in wearable devices owing to their high humidity resistance and non-volatility.However,the applicability of existing ionic gel pressure sensors is limited by their low sensitivity.Therefore,it is very import-ant to develop an ionic gel pressure sensor with high sensitivity and a wide pressure detection range without sacrificing mechan-ical stretchability and self-healing ability.Herein,we report an effective strategy for developing pressure sensors based on ion-ic gel composites consisting of high-molecular-weight polymers,ionic liquids,and Au nanoparticles.The resulting capacitive pressure sensors exhibit high pressure sensitivity,fast response,and excellent self-healing properties.The sensors composed of highly hydrophobic polymers and ionic liquids can be used to track underwater movements,demonstrating broad application prospects in human motion state monitoring and underwater mechanical operations.
基金This work was supported by grants from Henan Medical Science and Technique Foundation(Grant Nos.LHGJ2020173 and SBGJ20180850)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan(Grant No.182300410344).
文摘Objective:Chimeric antigen receptor-modified T(CAR-T)cells have shown impressive results against relapsed/refractory B cell malignancies.However,the traditional manufacture of CAR-T cells requires leukapheresis to isolate large amounts of peripheral blood T cells,thus making some patients ineligible for the procedure.Methods:We developed a simple method for CAR-T cell preparation requiring small volumes of peripheral blood.First,CD3+T cells isolated from 50 mL peripheral blood from patients(B-cell malignancies)were stimulated with immobilized anti-CD3/RetroNectin in 6-well plates and then transduced with CAR-expressing lentiviral vector.After 4 d,the T cells were transferred to culture bags for large-scale CAR-T cell expansion.In vitro and animal experiments were performed to evaluate the activity of the manufactured CAR-T cells.Finally,29 patients with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia(B-ALL)and 9 patients with B-cell lymphoma were treated with the CAR-T cells.Results:The CAR-T cells were expanded to 1–3×10^(8) cells in 8–10 d and successfully killed B cell-derived malignant tumor cells in vitro and in vivo.For patients with B-ALL,the complete remission rate was 93%1 month after CAR-T cell infusion;after 12 months,the overall survival(OS)and leukemia-free survival rates were 69%and 31%,respectively.For patients with lymphoma,the objective response rate(including complete and partial remission)was 78%2 months after CAR-T cell infusion,and after 12 months,the OS and progression-free survival rates were 71%and 43%,respectively.Cytokine-release syndrome(CRS)occurred in 65.51%and 55.56%of patients with B-ALL and B-cell lymphoma,respectively;severe CRS developed in 20.69%of patients with B-ALL and in no patients with lymphoma.Conclusions:Our novel method can generate sufficient numbers of CAR-T cells for clinical use from 50–100 mL peripheral blood,thus providing an alternative means of CAR-T cell generation for patients ineligible for leukapheresis.
基金supported by the Development Plan of Science and Technology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Shandong Province(Grant No.:2019e0350)the Development Plan of Medical and Health Technology in Shandong Province(Grant No.:2018WS133).
文摘A fast,reliable,and cost-effective liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was established to determine the effects of the traditional Chinese medicine employed to treat coronavirus disease 2019,namely,Lianhua Qingwen granules,Huoxiang Zhengqi capsules,Jinhua Qinggan granules,Shufeng Jiedu capsules,and Angong Niuhuang pills,on the pharmacokinetics of lopinavir/ritonavir in rats.Blood samples were prepared using the protein precipitation method and atazanavir was selected as the internal standard(IS).Separation was performed on an Agilent ZORBAX eclipse plus C18(2.1 mm×50 mm,1.8 μm)column using acetonitrile and water containing 0.1%formic acid as the mobile phase for gradient elution.The flow rate was 0.4 mL/min and the injection volume was 2 μL.Agilent Jet Stream electrospray ionization was used for mass spectrometry detection under positive ion multiple reaction monitoring mode at a transition of m/z 629.3→447.3 for lopinavir,m/z 721.3→296.1 for ritonavir,and m/z 705.4→168.1 for the IS.The method showed good linearity in the concentration range of 25→2500 ng/mL(r=0.9981)for lopinavir and 5e500 ng/mL(r=0.9984)for ritonavir.The intra-day and inter-day precision and accuracy were both within±15%.Items,such as dilution reliability and residual effect,were also within the acceptable limits.The method was used to determine the effects of five types of traditional Chinese medicines on the pharmacokinetics of lopinavir/ritonavir in rats.The pharmacokinetic results showed that the half-life of ritonavir in the groups administered Lianhua Qingwen granules and Huoxiang Zhengqi capsules combined with lopinavir/ritonavir was prolonged by approximately 1.5-to 2-fold relative to that in the control group.Similarly,the pharmacokinetic parameters of lopinavir were altered.Overall,the results of this study offer important theoretical parameters for the effective clinical use of five types of traditional Chinese medicines combined with lopinavir/ritonavir to reduce the occurrence of clinical adverse reactions.
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2017YFC0601302)the Research Start-up Project for Introduced Talent of Yunnan University(No.20190043)the Australian Research Council grants to Zheng-Xiang Li(Nos.DP0770228,FL150100133)。
文摘There is increasing evidence indicating that melts derived from subducted oceanic crust and sediments may have played a key role in building continental crust. This mechanism predicts that juvenile arc crust should have oxygen isotope characteristics ranging from mantle-like to supracrustal, but consistent mantle-like radiogenic(Nd-Hf) isotopic signatures. Here we present in-situ zircon U-Pb dating, Hf-O isotope analyses, and whole rock major-trace element and Nd isotope analyses of a granitoid from NW India. In-situ secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) zircon U-Pb dating yields a weighted mean ^(207)Pb/^(206)Pb age of 873±6 Ma for the granitoid. It displays mantle-like zircon εHf(εHf(873 Ma)= +9.3 to +10.9) and whole-rock Nd(εNd(873 Ma)= +3.5) values but supracrustal δ^(18)O values, the latter mostly varying between 9‰ and 10‰. The calculated whole-rock δ^(18)O value of 11.3‰±0.6‰ matches well with those of hydrothermally-altered pillow lavas and sheeted dykes from ophiolites. The major and trace element composition of the granitoid is similar to petrological experimental melts derived from a mixture of MORB+sediments. Thus, the granitoid most likely represents the product of partial melting of the uppermost oceanic crust(MORB+sediments). We propose that the decoupling between Hf-Nd and O isotopes as observed in this granitoid can be used as a powerful tool for the identification of slab melting contributing to juvenile continental crustal growth. Such isotopic decoupling can also account for high δ^(18)O values observed in ancient juvenile continental crust, such as Archean tonalitetrondhjemite-granodiorite suites.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51871119, 22101132, and 22075141)Scientific and Technological Innovation Special Fund for Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality of Jiangsu Province (No. BK20220039)+4 种基金Jiangsu Provincial Founds for Natural Science Foundation (No. BK20210311)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Nos. 2018M640481 and 2019T120426)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No. BK20210311)Jiangsu Postdoctoral Research Fund (No. 2019K003)the Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of NUAA (No. xcxjh20210607)。
文摘The rational construction of electrocatalysts with desired features is significant but challenging for superior water splitting at high current density. Herein, amorphous Co Ni S nanosheets are synthesized on nickel foam(NF) through a facile structure evolution strategy and present advanced performance at high current densities in water splitting. The high catalytic activity can be attributed to the sufficient active sites exposed by the flexible amorphous configuration. Moreover, the hydrophilicity and aerophobicity of a-CoNiS/NF promote surface wettability of the self-supporting electrode and avoid the aggregation of bubbles, which expedites the diffusion of electrolyte and facilitates the mass transfer. As a result, the optimized electrode demonstrates low overpotentials of 289 and 434 m V at 500 m A/cm^(2) under alkaline conditions for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) and oxygen evolution reaction(OER), respectively. Impressively, an electrolytic water splitting cell assembled by bifunctional a-Co Ni S/NF operates with a low cell voltage of 1.46 V@10 mA/cm^(2) and reaches 1.79 V at 500 mA/cm^(2). The strategy sheds light on a competitive platform for the reasonable design of non-precious-metal electrocatalysts under high current density.
基金financial support for Australian Research Council through its Discovery and Linkage Programsperformed in part at Australian Microscopy&Microanalysis Research Facility at the Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis,the University of Queensland(UQ)+3 种基金The authors also acknowledge National Natural Science Foundation of China(51901100 and 51871119)Jiangsu Provincial Founds for Natural Science Foundation(BK20180015)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2018M640481 and 2019T120426)Jiangsu Postdoctoral Research Fund(2019K003)。
文摘Aluminum-ion batteries(AIBs)are promising next-generation batteries systems because of their features of low cost and abundant aluminum resource.However,the inferior rate capacity and poor all-climate performance,especially the decayed capacity under low temperature,are still critical challenges toward high-specific-capacity AIBs.Herein,we report a binder-free and freestanding metal-organic framework-derived FeS_(2)@C/carbon nanotube(FeS_(2)@C/CNT)as a novel all-climate cathode in AIBs working under a wide temperature window between−25 and 50℃ with exceptional flexibility.The resultant cathode not only drastically suppresses the side reaction and volu-metric expansion with high capacity and long-term stability but also greatly enhances the kinetic process in AIBs with remarkable rate capacity(above 151 mAh g^(−1) at 2 A g^(−1))at room temperature.More importantly,to break the bottleneck of the inherently low capacity in graphitic material-based all-climate AIBs,the new hierarchical conductive composite FeS_(2)@C/CNT highly promotes the all-climate performance and delivers as high as 117 mAh g^(−1) capacity even under−25°C.The well-designed metal sulfide electrode with remarkable performance paves a new way toward all-climate and flexible AIBs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82072065,81471784)the National Key Research and Development Program of the Minister of Science and Technology,China(2016YFA0202703)the National Youth Talent Support Program。
文摘Metal and amino acid(AA),as two kinds of entities,have been widely involved in biomaterials and nanomedicines.Recently,the marriage of them has developed new nanoformulations,amino acid-metal coordinated nanomaterials(AMCNs),which show great biomedical application potential in cancer therapy,antibacterial applications,biomedical imaging,etc.With the respective characteristics of metal and AA with rich biological and chemical properties,AMCNs can not only act as drug carriers with specific tumor targeting ability,but also realize synergistic therapy and imaging-guided therapy.Although the design and synthesis of amino acid-metal coordinated nanomaterials have been in-depth investigated,there are few systematic reviews on their biomedical application.In this review,we give a comprehensive summary of recent progresses in the design,fabrication,and biomedical applications of AMCNs.We also propose the future outlooks and challenges in aforementioned field.We expect that this review would contribute some inspiration for future research and development for amino acid metal coordinated nanomaterials.
基金supported by the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(grant number 2021-I2M-1-004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number 81973136).
文摘Background:The SPF10 LiPA-25 system for human papillomavirus(HPV)detection with high analytical perfor-mance is widely used in HPV vaccine clinical trials.To develop and evaluate more valent HPV vaccines,other comparable methods with simpler operations are needed.Methods:The performance of the LiPA-25 against that of other 7 assays,including 4 systems based on reverse hybridization(Bohui-24,Yaneng-23,Tellgen-27,and Hybribio-16)and 3 real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR)assays(Hybribio-23,Bioperfectus-21,and Sansure-26),was evaluated in selected 1726 cervical swab and 56 biopsy samples.A total of 15 HPV genotypes(HPV 6,11,16,18,31,33,35,39,45,51,52,56,58,59,and 66)were considered for comparison for each HPV type.Results:Among the swab samples,compared to LiPA-25,compatible genotypes were observed in 94.1%of samples for Hybribio-23,92.8%for Yaneng-23,92.6%for Bioperfectus-21,92.4%for Hybribio-16,91.3%for Sansure-26,89.7%for Bohui-24,and 88.0%for Tellgen-27.The highest overall agreement of the 15 HPV genotypes combined was noted for Hybribio-23(κ=0.879,McNemar’s test:P=0.136),followed closely by Hybribio-16(κ=0.877,P<0.001),Yaneng-23(κ=0.871,P<0.001),Bioperfectus-21(κ=0.848,P<0.001),Bohui-24(κ=0.847,P<0.001),Tellgen-27(κ=0.831,P<0.001),and Sansure-26(κ=0.826,P<0.001).Additionally,these systems were also highly consistent with LiPA-25 for biopsy specimens(all,κ>0.897).Conclusions:The levels of agreement for the detection of 15 HPV types between other 7 assays and LiPA-25 were all good,and Hybribio-23 was most comparable to LiPA-25.The testing operation of HPV genotyping should also be considered for vaccine and epidemiological studies.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82402679 to N.L.,82072325 to B.H.,82070772 to T.Z.,32470145 to N.W.)the Shanghai Sailing Program(23YF1443700 to N.L.)the Clinical Research Plan of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission(20224Y0287 to N.L.).
文摘Biliary tract infections(BTIs)present a significant therapeutic challenge,particularly in the face of increasing antimicrobial resistance.Bacteriophages,viruses that target and destroy bacteria,offer the potential for treating severe bacterial infections,although their use in BTIs has been limited.We describe an 88-year-old female with a complex and recurrent BTI caused by multiple bacteria,including multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Despite treatment with various antibiotics and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage(PTCD),her condition did not improve.As a final measure,we implemented personalized phage therapy in combination with antibiotics.An initial 9-day antibiotic treatment combined with a P.aeruginosa phage cocktail administered via PTCD fluid resulted in significant symptom relief.However,phage-resistant pathogens emerged,exhibiting resistance to all 100 double-stranded DNA(dsDNA)phages in our library due to genetic mutations affecting lipopolysaccharides biosynthesis.A second round of therapy with a double-stranded RNA(dsRNA)phage,phiYY,which targets O-antigen deficient mutants,was subsequently administered.Although complete eradication of P.aeruginosa was not achieved,the patient’s clinical symptoms were markedly improved.This case demonstrated the safety and efficacy of phage therapy in the treatment of BTIs and showcased the feasibility of employing dsRNA phages to combat the emergence of O-antigen-deficient bacterial mutants.However,it also underscores the considerable challenges in completely eradicating persistent P.aeruginosa infections,which may be attributed to bacterial heterogeneity,biofilm formation,and phage-resistant genetic mutations.
基金supported by the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(2015023)National Natural Science Foundation of China(81471784,51802115)+3 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Beijing(2172058)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2018BEM010,ZR2019YQ21)Major Program of Shandong Province Natural Science Foundation(ZR2018ZC0843)Scientific and Technology Project of University of Jinan(XKY1923)~~
文摘Rapid technological development and population growth are responsible for a series of imminent environmental problems and an ineluctable energy crisis.The application of semiconductor nanomaterials in photocatalysis or photoelectrocatalysis(PEC)for either the degradation of contaminants in the environment or the generation of hydrogen as clean fuel is an effective approach to alleviate these problems.However,the efficiency of such processes remains suboptimal for real applications.Reasonable construction of a built-in electric field is considered to efficiently enhance carrier separation and reduce carrier recombination to improve catalytic performance.In the past decade,as a new method to enhance the built-in electric field,the piezoelectric effect from piezoelectric materials has been extensively studied.In this review,we provide an overview of the properties of piezoelectric materials and the mechanisms of piezoelectricity and ferroelectricity for a built-in electric field.Then,piezoelectric and ferroelectric polarization regulated built-in electric fields that mediate catalysis are discussed.Furthermore,the applications of piezoelectric semiconductor materials are also highlighted,including degradation of pollutants,bacteria disinfection,water splitting for H2 generation,and organic synthesis.We conclude by discussing the challenges in the field and the exciting opportunities to further improve piezo-catalytic efficiency.
基金support funding is from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51871119 and 51901100)China Jiangsu Specially Appointed Professor,Jiangsu Provincial Founds for Natural Science Foundation(BK20170793 and BK20180015)+2 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2018M640481 and 2019T120426)Jiangsu Postdoctoral Research Fund(2019K003 and 2019K201)Jiangsu-Innovate UK Business Competition(BZ2017061)
文摘Searching for advanced anode materials with excellent electrochemical properties in sodium-ion battery is essential and imperative for next-generation energy storage system to solve the energy shortage problem.In this work,two-dimensional(2D)ultrathin FePS3 nanosheets,a typical ternary metal phosphosulfide,are first prepared by ultrasonic exfoliation.The novel 2D/2D heterojunction of FePS3 nanosheets@MXene composite is then successfully synthesized by in situ mixing ultrathin MXene nanosheets with FePS3 nanosheets.The resultant FePS3 nanosheets@MXene hybrids can increase the electronic conductivity and specific surface area,assuring excellent surface and interfacial charge transfer abilities.Furthermore,the unique heterojunction endows FePS3 nanosheets@MXene composite to promote the diffusion of Na^+ and alleviate the drastic change in volume in the cyclic process,enhancing the sodium storage capability.Consequently,the few-layered FePS3 nanosheets uniformly coated by ultrathin MXene provide an exceptional reversible capacity of 676.1 mAh g^−1 at the current of 100 mA g^−1 after 90 cycles,which is equivalent to around 90.6% of the second-cycle capacity(746.4 mAh g^−1).This work provides an original protocol for constructing 2D/2D material and demonstrates the FePS3@MXene composite as a potential anode material with excellent property for sodium-ion batteries.
基金The work was supported by the National Nature Science Foundation(No.82072065,81471784)the National Key R&D project from Minister of Science and Technology,China(2016YFA0202703)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.BX2021299)the National Youth Talent Support Program.
文摘Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)as a type of porous and crystalline covalent organic polymer are built up from covalently linked and periodically arranged organic molecules.Their precise assembly,welldefined coordination network,and tunable porosity endow COFs with diverse characteristics such as low density,high crystallinity,porous structure,and large specific-surface area,as well as versatile functions and active sites that can be tuned at molecular and atomic level.These unique properties make them excellent candidate materials for biomedical applications,such as drug delivery,diagnostic imaging,and disease therapy.To realize these functions,the components,dimensions,and vip molecule loading into COFs have a great influence on their performance in various applications.In this review,we first introduce the influence of dimensions,building blocks,and synthetic conditions on the chemical stability,pore structure,and chemical interaction with vip molecules of COFs.Next,the applications of COFs in cancer diagnosis and therapy are summarized.Finally,some challenges for COFs in cancer therapy are noted and the problems to be solved in the future are proposed.
基金supported by the National Key R&D project from Minister of Science and Technology,China(No.2016YFA0202703)the National Nature Science Foundation(Nos.82072065,81471784)+1 种基金the Nature Science Foundation of Beijing(No.2172058)the National Youth Talent Support Program。
文摘With high catalytic activity and stability,nanozymes have huge advantage in generating or eliminating the reactive oxygen species(ROS)due to their intrinsic enzyme-mimicking abilities,therefore attracting wide attention in ROS-related disease therapy.To better design nanozyme-based platforms for ROSrelated biological application,we firstly illustrate the catalytic mechanism of different activities,and then introduce different strategies for using nanozymes to augment or reduce ROS level for the applications in cancer therapy,pathogen infection,neurodegeneration,etc.Finally,the challenges and future opportunities are proposed for the development and application of nanozymes.
基金the National Institute of Natural Hazards,Ministry of Emergency Management of China(ZDJ2019-21)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41872227 and 41602221).
文摘The traces left by earthquakes in lacustrine sediments are studied to determine the occurrence of ancient earthquakes by identifying seismically induced soft-sediment deformation structures(SSDS).Dating can help reconstruct the relative frequency of earthquakes.Identifying seismically induced seismites,which carry abundant seismic information from numerous SSDS,is both critical and challenging.Studying the deformation mechanism of SSDS and learning about the common criteria of seismically induced SSDS improve the identification of earthquake triggers.With better research into SSDS,seismic events can be effectively captured,and temporal constraints can be carried out by 14C dating and optically stimulated luminescence(OSL)dating to identify and date the occurrence of ancient earthquakes.The present contribution primarily addresses the meaning and mechanism of SSDS and their relationship with earthquake magnitude as well as the common criteria of the SSDS induced by earthquakes.
