The role of hydrodynamic effect in the meeting of multiple fish is a fascinating topic.The interactions of two self-propelled flexi-ble plates swimming in opposite directions horizontally and maintaining a certain lat...The role of hydrodynamic effect in the meeting of multiple fish is a fascinating topic.The interactions of two self-propelled flexi-ble plates swimming in opposite directions horizontally and maintaining a certain lateral distance are numerically simulated using a penalty-immersed boundary method.The effects of the flapping phase and lateral distance on the propulsive performance of two fish meetings are analyzed.Results show that,when two plates meet,if their leading edges diverge laterally,the individual plate can efficiently and rapidly move apart from the other horizontally.If their leading edges converge laterally,the plate motion can be retarded,leading to high energy consumption.Moreover,an increasing lateral distance between two plates significantly weakens the fluid-structure interactions,resulting in an exponential decline in mean cruising speed.A quantitative force analysis based on vortex dynamic theory is performed to gain physics insight into the hydrodynamic interaction mechanism.It is found that lateral separation between the two leading edges enhances the vorticity generation and boundary vorticity flux on the surface of the plate,subsequently reinforcing the thrust effect and increasing horizontal velocity.This study offers insight into the hydro-dynamic mechanisms of the fluid-structure interactions among fish moving toward each other and suggests potential strategies for enhancing the maneuverability of robotic fish in complex environment.展开更多
This work attempts to extend the fundamental theory for classic gas dynamics to viscous compressible flow,of which aeroacoustics will naturally be a special branch.As a continuation of Part I.Unbounded fluid(Mao et al...This work attempts to extend the fundamental theory for classic gas dynamics to viscous compressible flow,of which aeroacoustics will naturally be a special branch.As a continuation of Part I.Unbounded fluid(Mao et al.,2022),this paper studies the source of longitudinal field at solid boundary,caused by the on-wall kinematic and viscous dynamic coupling of longitudinal and transverse processes.We find that at this situation the easiest choice for the two independent thermodynamic variables is the dimensionless pressure P and temperature T.The two-level structure of boundary dynamics of longitudinal field is obtained by applying the continuity equation and its normal derivative to the surface.We show that the boundary dilatation flux represents faithfully the boundary production of vortex sound and entropy sound,and the mutual generation mechanism of the longitudinal and transverse fields on the boundary does not occur symmetrically"at the samc level,but appears along a zigzag route.At the first level,it is the pressure gradient that generates vorticity unidirectionally;while at the second level,it is the vorticity that generates dilatation unidirectionally.展开更多
This paper presents a deep reflection on the advective wave equations for velocity vector and dilatation discovered in the past decade.We show that these equations can form the theoretical basis of modern gas dynamics...This paper presents a deep reflection on the advective wave equations for velocity vector and dilatation discovered in the past decade.We show that these equations can form the theoretical basis of modern gas dynamics,because they dominate not only various complex viscous and heat-conducting gas flows but also their associated longitudinal waves,including aero-generated sound.Current aeroacoustics theory has been developing in a manner quite independently of gas dynamics;it is based on the advective wave equations for thermodynamic variables,say the exact Phillips equation of relative disturbance pressure as a representative one.However,these equations do not cover the fluid flow that generates and propagates sound waves.In using them,one has to assume simplified base-flow models,which we argue is the main theoretical obstacle to identifying sound source and achieving effective noise control.Instead,we show that the Phillips equation and alike is nothing but the first integral of the dilatation equation that also governs the longitudinal part of the flow field.Therefore,we conclude that modern aeroacoustics should merge back into the general unsteady gas dynamics as a special branch of it,with dilatation of multiple sources being a new additional and sharper sound variable.展开更多
We extend the impulse theory for unsteady aerodynamics, from its classic global form to finite-domain formulation, then to a minimum-domain version for discrete wake. Each extension has been confirmed numerically. The...We extend the impulse theory for unsteady aerodynamics, from its classic global form to finite-domain formulation, then to a minimum-domain version for discrete wake. Each extension has been confirmed numerically. The minimum-domain theory indicates that the numerical finding of Li and Lu（2012） is of general significance： The entire force is completely determined by only the time rate of impulse of those vortical structures still connecting to the body, along with the Lamb-vector integral thereof that captures the contribution of all the rest disconnected vortical structures.展开更多
基金joined PI of Westlake University(Grant Nos.041030150118 and 103110556022101)Scientific Research Funding Project of Westlake University(Grant No.2021WUFP017).
文摘The role of hydrodynamic effect in the meeting of multiple fish is a fascinating topic.The interactions of two self-propelled flexi-ble plates swimming in opposite directions horizontally and maintaining a certain lateral distance are numerically simulated using a penalty-immersed boundary method.The effects of the flapping phase and lateral distance on the propulsive performance of two fish meetings are analyzed.Results show that,when two plates meet,if their leading edges diverge laterally,the individual plate can efficiently and rapidly move apart from the other horizontally.If their leading edges converge laterally,the plate motion can be retarded,leading to high energy consumption.Moreover,an increasing lateral distance between two plates significantly weakens the fluid-structure interactions,resulting in an exponential decline in mean cruising speed.A quantitative force analysis based on vortex dynamic theory is performed to gain physics insight into the hydrodynamic interaction mechanism.It is found that lateral separation between the two leading edges enhances the vorticity generation and boundary vorticity flux on the surface of the plate,subsequently reinforcing the thrust effect and increasing horizontal velocity.This study offers insight into the hydro-dynamic mechanisms of the fluid-structure interactions among fish moving toward each other and suggests potential strategies for enhancing the maneuverability of robotic fish in complex environment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12102365,91752202,11472016,11621202,and 12272371).
文摘This work attempts to extend the fundamental theory for classic gas dynamics to viscous compressible flow,of which aeroacoustics will naturally be a special branch.As a continuation of Part I.Unbounded fluid(Mao et al.,2022),this paper studies the source of longitudinal field at solid boundary,caused by the on-wall kinematic and viscous dynamic coupling of longitudinal and transverse processes.We find that at this situation the easiest choice for the two independent thermodynamic variables is the dimensionless pressure P and temperature T.The two-level structure of boundary dynamics of longitudinal field is obtained by applying the continuity equation and its normal derivative to the surface.We show that the boundary dilatation flux represents faithfully the boundary production of vortex sound and entropy sound,and the mutual generation mechanism of the longitudinal and transverse fields on the boundary does not occur symmetrically"at the samc level,but appears along a zigzag route.At the first level,it is the pressure gradient that generates vorticity unidirectionally;while at the second level,it is the vorticity that generates dilatation unidirectionally.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12102365,91752202 and 11472016)Luoqin Liu was supported by the Hundred Talents Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).
文摘This paper presents a deep reflection on the advective wave equations for velocity vector and dilatation discovered in the past decade.We show that these equations can form the theoretical basis of modern gas dynamics,because they dominate not only various complex viscous and heat-conducting gas flows but also their associated longitudinal waves,including aero-generated sound.Current aeroacoustics theory has been developing in a manner quite independently of gas dynamics;it is based on the advective wave equations for thermodynamic variables,say the exact Phillips equation of relative disturbance pressure as a representative one.However,these equations do not cover the fluid flow that generates and propagates sound waves.In using them,one has to assume simplified base-flow models,which we argue is the main theoretical obstacle to identifying sound source and achieving effective noise control.Instead,we show that the Phillips equation and alike is nothing but the first integral of the dilatation equation that also governs the longitudinal part of the flow field.Therefore,we conclude that modern aeroacoustics should merge back into the general unsteady gas dynamics as a special branch of it,with dilatation of multiple sources being a new additional and sharper sound variable.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.10921202,11221062,11521091 and 11472016)
文摘We extend the impulse theory for unsteady aerodynamics, from its classic global form to finite-domain formulation, then to a minimum-domain version for discrete wake. Each extension has been confirmed numerically. The minimum-domain theory indicates that the numerical finding of Li and Lu（2012） is of general significance： The entire force is completely determined by only the time rate of impulse of those vortical structures still connecting to the body, along with the Lamb-vector integral thereof that captures the contribution of all the rest disconnected vortical structures.
