Anti-inflammatory drugs targeting inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)have attracted considerable attention but still face low therapeutic outcomes and frequent side effects.Astaxanthin(ATX),a natural ketone,possesses pote...Anti-inflammatory drugs targeting inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)have attracted considerable attention but still face low therapeutic outcomes and frequent side effects.Astaxanthin(ATX),a natural ketone,possesses potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.However,it faces problems such as poor water solubility,photothermal instability,and low bioavailability.Here,we employed a supramolecular encapsulation strategy to create a nanoscale oral delivery system for ATX(referred to as FC-ATX NPs)by coupling fucoidan(FUC)with chitosan oligosaccharides(COS).The obtained FC-ATX NPs exhibited a particular“bean pod”structure with uniform size,good encapsulation efficiency,excellent physical and chemical stability,pH-triggered intestinal targeted slow-release properties,and potent antioxidant capacity.In vitro cell culture experiments showed that FC-ATX NPs promoted cellular uptake and scavenged excessive intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS).In mouse models of colitis,FC-ATX NPs enhanced the drug absorption of intestinal epithelial cells and effectively accumulated at the site of inflammation.This work provides an efficient approach to enhance the bioavailability of ATX and has excellent application potential as an oral targeted delivery system for colitis therapy.展开更多
Critical algal blooms in great lakes increase the level of algal organic matters（AOMs）,significantly altering the composition of natural organic matters（NOMs） in freshwater of lake.This study examined the AOM＇s c...Critical algal blooms in great lakes increase the level of algal organic matters（AOMs）,significantly altering the composition of natural organic matters（NOMs） in freshwater of lake.This study examined the AOM＇s characteristics of Nitzschia palea（N.palea）,one kind of the predominant diatom and an important biomarker of water quality in the great lakes of China,to investigate the effect of AOMs on the variation of NOMs in lakes and the process of algal energy.Excitation–emission matrix fluorescence（EEM） spectroscopy,synchronous fluorescence（SF） spectroscopy and deconvolution UV–vis（D-UV） spectroscopy were utilized to characterize AOMs to study the effects of nutrient loading on the composition change of AOMs.From results,it was revealed that the phosphorus is the limiting factor for N.palea＇s growth and the generation of both total organic carbon and amino acids but the nitrogen is more important for the generation of carbohydrates and proteins.EEM spectra revealed differences in the composition of extracellular organic matter and intracellular organic matter.Regardless of the nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations,aromatic proteins and soluble microbial products were the main components,but the nitrogen concentration had a significant impact on their composition.The SF spectra were used to study the AOMs for the first time and identified that the protein-like substances were the major component of AOMs,creating as a result of aromatic group condensation.The D-UV spectra showed carboxylic acid and esters were the main functional groups in the EOMs,with –OCH_3,–SO_2NH_2,–CN,–NH_2,–O– and –COCH_3functional groups substituting into benzene rings.展开更多
The steamed Panax ginseng C. A. Mey., Panax notoginseng(Burk.) F. H. Chen, and Panax quinquefolium L. not only facilitate storage, but also increase the content of rare saponins and enhance their clinical application ...The steamed Panax ginseng C. A. Mey., Panax notoginseng(Burk.) F. H. Chen, and Panax quinquefolium L. not only facilitate storage, but also increase the content of rare saponins and enhance their clinical application value. The traditional steaming process has high energy consumption, low efficiency, and lacks standardized operating procedures and unified standards. This paper retrieves the research literature on the steaming process parameters, rare saponin increments, and efficacy enhancement results of ginseng plants. By summarizing the effects of different steaming processes on rare saponins and pharmacodynamics in P. ginseng, P. notoginseng and P. quinquefolium, we explored new steaming methods and established a new quality evaluation system to provide guarantee for the effectiveness and safety of clinical medication and provide scientific basis for its rational use.展开更多
Photothermal therapy(PTT)may lead to healthy tissue damage,tumor metastasis,and recurrence,which makes mild photothermal therapy(mild PTT)stand out.However,overcoming heat resistance,insufficient therapeutic effect,an...Photothermal therapy(PTT)may lead to healthy tissue damage,tumor metastasis,and recurrence,which makes mild photothermal therapy(mild PTT)stand out.However,overcoming heat resistance,insufficient therapeutic effect,and poor photothermal conversion efficiency has become new challenge.Herein,we report a dynamic supramolecular nanocarrier formed from amide-sericin and aldehyde-polyhydroxy glucan(denoted as SDA),the loose cavity of which can be filled by using the pharmaceutical combination of lonidamine(LND)and NIR-II photothermal agent of IR-1061,producing SDLI with a tighter inner hole,smaller and uniform particle size and excellent stability due to multiple pulling forces.Moreover,the intricate internal network structure prevents the hydrophobic IR-1061 from forming aggregates in the small cavity,and the photothermal conversion efficiency(PCE)can reach 48.9%.At the acidic tumor microenvironment of pH 6.5,the controlled release of LND can solve the problem of heat resistance of NIR-II mild PTT and significantly improve the therapeutic effect of NIR-II mild PTT.Meanwhile,SDLI also shows a reasonable tumor inhibition rate,so the synergistic strategy of inhibiting tumor energy metabolism and NIR-II mild PTT to magnify mitochondrial oxidative stress,continuous cell stress state-induced immunogenic cell death to promote the induction of tumor apoptosis is proposed to achieve more effective cancer treatment.展开更多
Background:Dysfunction of the gap junction channel protein connexin 43(Cx43)contributes to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)-induced ventricular arrhythmias.Cx43 can be regulated by small ubiquitin-like modifier(SU...Background:Dysfunction of the gap junction channel protein connexin 43(Cx43)contributes to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)-induced ventricular arrhythmias.Cx43 can be regulated by small ubiquitin-like modifier(SUMO)modification.Protein inhibitor of activated STAT Y(PIASy)is an E3 SUMO ligase for its target proteins.However,whether Cx43 is a target protein of PIASy and whether Cx43 SUMOylation plays a role in I/R-induced arrhythmias are largely unknown.Methods:Male Sprague-Dawley rats were infected with PIASy short hairpin ribonucleic acid(shRNA)using recombinant adeno-associated virus subtype 9(rAAV9).Two weeks later,the rats were subjected to 45 min of left coronary artery occlusion followed by 2 h reperfusion.Electrocardiogram was recorded to assess arrhythmias.Rat ventricular tissues were collected for molecular biological measurements.Results:Following 45 min of ischemia,QRS duration and QTc intervals statistically significantly increased,but these values decreased after transfecting PIASy shRNA.PIASy downregulation ameliorated ventricular arrhythmias induced by myocardial I/R,as evidenced by the decreased incidence of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation,and reduced arrythmia score.In addition,myocardial I/R statistically significantly induced PIASy expression and Cx43 SUMOylation,accompanied by reduced Cx43 phosphorylation and plakophilin 2(PKP2)expression.Moreover,PIASy downregulation remarkably reduced Cx43 SUMOylation,accompanied by increased Cx43 phosphorylation and PKP2 expression after I/R.Conclusion:PIASy downregulation inhibited Cx43 SUMOylation and increased PKP2 expression,thereby improving ventricular arrhythmias in ischemic/reperfused rats heart.展开更多
基金financially supported by the Chongqing Graduate Program of Research and Innovation(No.CYS22207)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51703187)Chongqing Talents of Exceptional Young Talents Project,China(Nos.CQYC202005029 and cstc2021ycjh-bgzxm0061)。
文摘Anti-inflammatory drugs targeting inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)have attracted considerable attention but still face low therapeutic outcomes and frequent side effects.Astaxanthin(ATX),a natural ketone,possesses potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.However,it faces problems such as poor water solubility,photothermal instability,and low bioavailability.Here,we employed a supramolecular encapsulation strategy to create a nanoscale oral delivery system for ATX(referred to as FC-ATX NPs)by coupling fucoidan(FUC)with chitosan oligosaccharides(COS).The obtained FC-ATX NPs exhibited a particular“bean pod”structure with uniform size,good encapsulation efficiency,excellent physical and chemical stability,pH-triggered intestinal targeted slow-release properties,and potent antioxidant capacity.In vitro cell culture experiments showed that FC-ATX NPs promoted cellular uptake and scavenged excessive intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS).In mouse models of colitis,FC-ATX NPs enhanced the drug absorption of intestinal epithelial cells and effectively accumulated at the site of inflammation.This work provides an efficient approach to enhance the bioavailability of ATX and has excellent application potential as an oral targeted delivery system for colitis therapy.
基金the support of Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No.2015ZCQ-HJ-02)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.51578520,51378063,41273137 and 51108030)+1 种基金the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (No.8132033)Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment,Harbin Institute of Technology (No.QAK201306)
文摘Critical algal blooms in great lakes increase the level of algal organic matters（AOMs）,significantly altering the composition of natural organic matters（NOMs） in freshwater of lake.This study examined the AOM＇s characteristics of Nitzschia palea（N.palea）,one kind of the predominant diatom and an important biomarker of water quality in the great lakes of China,to investigate the effect of AOMs on the variation of NOMs in lakes and the process of algal energy.Excitation–emission matrix fluorescence（EEM） spectroscopy,synchronous fluorescence（SF） spectroscopy and deconvolution UV–vis（D-UV） spectroscopy were utilized to characterize AOMs to study the effects of nutrient loading on the composition change of AOMs.From results,it was revealed that the phosphorus is the limiting factor for N.palea＇s growth and the generation of both total organic carbon and amino acids but the nitrogen is more important for the generation of carbohydrates and proteins.EEM spectra revealed differences in the composition of extracellular organic matter and intracellular organic matter.Regardless of the nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations,aromatic proteins and soluble microbial products were the main components,but the nitrogen concentration had a significant impact on their composition.The SF spectra were used to study the AOMs for the first time and identified that the protein-like substances were the major component of AOMs,creating as a result of aromatic group condensation.The D-UV spectra showed carboxylic acid and esters were the main functional groups in the EOMs,with –OCH_3,–SO_2NH_2,–CN,–NH_2,–O– and –COCH_3functional groups substituting into benzene rings.
基金supported by the Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project (111 Project, D18012)。
文摘The steamed Panax ginseng C. A. Mey., Panax notoginseng(Burk.) F. H. Chen, and Panax quinquefolium L. not only facilitate storage, but also increase the content of rare saponins and enhance their clinical application value. The traditional steaming process has high energy consumption, low efficiency, and lacks standardized operating procedures and unified standards. This paper retrieves the research literature on the steaming process parameters, rare saponin increments, and efficacy enhancement results of ginseng plants. By summarizing the effects of different steaming processes on rare saponins and pharmacodynamics in P. ginseng, P. notoginseng and P. quinquefolium, we explored new steaming methods and established a new quality evaluation system to provide guarantee for the effectiveness and safety of clinical medication and provide scientific basis for its rational use.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22375168)Chongqing Talents of Exceptional Young Talents Project,China(Nos.CQYC202005029,cstc2021ycjh-bgzxm0061)+1 种基金Shuangcheng cooperative agreement research grant of Yibin,China(No.XNDX2022020013)the Innovation Platform for Academicians of Hainan Province.
文摘Photothermal therapy(PTT)may lead to healthy tissue damage,tumor metastasis,and recurrence,which makes mild photothermal therapy(mild PTT)stand out.However,overcoming heat resistance,insufficient therapeutic effect,and poor photothermal conversion efficiency has become new challenge.Herein,we report a dynamic supramolecular nanocarrier formed from amide-sericin and aldehyde-polyhydroxy glucan(denoted as SDA),the loose cavity of which can be filled by using the pharmaceutical combination of lonidamine(LND)and NIR-II photothermal agent of IR-1061,producing SDLI with a tighter inner hole,smaller and uniform particle size and excellent stability due to multiple pulling forces.Moreover,the intricate internal network structure prevents the hydrophobic IR-1061 from forming aggregates in the small cavity,and the photothermal conversion efficiency(PCE)can reach 48.9%.At the acidic tumor microenvironment of pH 6.5,the controlled release of LND can solve the problem of heat resistance of NIR-II mild PTT and significantly improve the therapeutic effect of NIR-II mild PTT.Meanwhile,SDLI also shows a reasonable tumor inhibition rate,so the synergistic strategy of inhibiting tumor energy metabolism and NIR-II mild PTT to magnify mitochondrial oxidative stress,continuous cell stress state-induced immunogenic cell death to promote the induction of tumor apoptosis is proposed to achieve more effective cancer treatment.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81770824 and 81470251)
文摘Background:Dysfunction of the gap junction channel protein connexin 43(Cx43)contributes to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)-induced ventricular arrhythmias.Cx43 can be regulated by small ubiquitin-like modifier(SUMO)modification.Protein inhibitor of activated STAT Y(PIASy)is an E3 SUMO ligase for its target proteins.However,whether Cx43 is a target protein of PIASy and whether Cx43 SUMOylation plays a role in I/R-induced arrhythmias are largely unknown.Methods:Male Sprague-Dawley rats were infected with PIASy short hairpin ribonucleic acid(shRNA)using recombinant adeno-associated virus subtype 9(rAAV9).Two weeks later,the rats were subjected to 45 min of left coronary artery occlusion followed by 2 h reperfusion.Electrocardiogram was recorded to assess arrhythmias.Rat ventricular tissues were collected for molecular biological measurements.Results:Following 45 min of ischemia,QRS duration and QTc intervals statistically significantly increased,but these values decreased after transfecting PIASy shRNA.PIASy downregulation ameliorated ventricular arrhythmias induced by myocardial I/R,as evidenced by the decreased incidence of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation,and reduced arrythmia score.In addition,myocardial I/R statistically significantly induced PIASy expression and Cx43 SUMOylation,accompanied by reduced Cx43 phosphorylation and plakophilin 2(PKP2)expression.Moreover,PIASy downregulation remarkably reduced Cx43 SUMOylation,accompanied by increased Cx43 phosphorylation and PKP2 expression after I/R.Conclusion:PIASy downregulation inhibited Cx43 SUMOylation and increased PKP2 expression,thereby improving ventricular arrhythmias in ischemic/reperfused rats heart.
