Actin depolymerizing factor(ADF),highly conserved in all eukaryotic cells,is a low molecular mass of actin-binding protein,which plays a key role in modulating the polymerizing and depolymerizing of the actin filament...Actin depolymerizing factor(ADF),highly conserved in all eukaryotic cells,is a low molecular mass of actin-binding protein,which plays a key role in modulating the polymerizing and depolymerizing of the actin filaments.Four cDNAs(designated GhADF2,GhADF3,GhADF4,and GhADF5,respectively)encoding ADF proteins were isolated from cotton(Gossypium hirsutum)fiber cDNA library.GhADF2 cDNA is 705 bp in length and deduces a protein with 139 amino acids.GhADF3 cDNA is 819 bp in length and encodes a protein of 139 amino acids.GhADF4 cDNA is 804 bp in length and deduces a protein with 143 amino acids.GhADF5 cDNA is 644 bp in length and encodes a protein of 141 amino acids.The molecular evolutionary relationship of these genes was analyzed by means of bioinformatics.GhADF2 is closely related to GhADF3(99%identity)and PetADF2(89%identity).GhADF4 is closely related to AtADF6(78%identity),and GhADF5 is closely related to AtADF5(83%identity).These results demonstrated that the plant ADF genes are highly conserved in structure.RT-PCR analysis showed that GhADF2 is predominantly expressed in fiber,whereas,GhADF5 is mainly expressed in cotyledons.On the other hand,it seems that GhADF3 and GhADF4 have no tissue specificity.Expression levels of different ADF genes may vary considerably in the same cell type,suggesting that they might be involved in regulating tissue development of cotton and the each ADF isoform may diverge to form the functional difference from the other ADFs during evolution.展开更多
Induction of tumor cell senescence has become a promising strategy for anti-tumor immunotherapy,but fibrotic matrix severely blocks senescence inducers penetration and immune cells infiltration.Herein,we designed a ca...Induction of tumor cell senescence has become a promising strategy for anti-tumor immunotherapy,but fibrotic matrix severely blocks senescence inducers penetration and immune cells infiltration.Herein,we designed a cancer-associated fibroblasts(CAFs)triggered structure-transformable nano-assembly(HSD-P@V),which can directionally deliver valsartan(Val,CAFs regulator)and doxorubicin(DOX,senescence inducer)to the specific targets.In detail,DOX is conjugated with hyaluronic acid(HA)via diselenide bonds(Se-Se)to form HSD micelles,while CAFs-sensitive peptide is grafted onto the HSD to form a hydrophilic polymer,which is coated on Val nanocrystals(VNs)surface for improving the stability and achieving responsive release.Once arriving at tumor microenvironment and touching CAFs,HSD-P@V disintegrates into VNs and HSD micelles due to sensitive peptide detachment.VNs can degrade the extracellularmatrix,leading to the enhanced penetration of HSD.HSD targets tumor cells,releases DOX to induce senescence,and recruits effector immune cells.Furthermore,senescent cells are cleared by the recruited immune cells to finish the integrated anti-tumor therapy.In vitro and in vivo results show that the nanoassembly remarkably inhibits tumor growth as well as lungmetastasis,and extends tumorbearing mice survival.This work provides a promising paradigm of programmed delivering multi-site nanomedicine for cancer immunotherapy.展开更多
Pentazolate compounds have attracted extensive attention as high energy density materials.The synthesis and recovery of pentazolate compounds is of great importance for their potential applications.Here,we report the ...Pentazolate compounds have attracted extensive attention as high energy density materials.The synthesis and recovery of pentazolate compounds is of great importance for their potential applications.Here,we report the synthesis of Pmn2_(1)-NaN_(5)and Pm-Na_(2)N_(5)through compressing and laser heating pure NaN_(3)at~60 GPa.Upon decompression,the pressureinduced structural transition from Pmn2_(1)-NaN_(5)into Cm-NaN_(5)is observed in the pressure range of 14-23 GPa for the first time.The cyclo-N_(5)^(-)can be traced down to 4.7 GPa at room temperature and recovered to ambient pressure under low temperature condition(up to 160 K).The Pm-Na_(2)N_(5)is suggested to decompose into the P4/mmm-NaN_(2)at 23 GPa,and be stable at ambient conditions.This work provides insight into the high-pressure behaviors of pentazolate compounds and an alternative way to stabilize energetic polynitrogen compounds.展开更多
Soil quality assessment is essential to improve the understanding of soil quality and make proper agricultural practices. However, soil quality assessments are extremely difficult to implement in a large-scale area, s...Soil quality assessment is essential to improve the understanding of soil quality and make proper agricultural practices. However, soil quality assessments are extremely difficult to implement in a large-scale area, since they are time and labor consuming. Remote sensing technique gained more attention in plant and soil information monitoring recently for its high effi-ciency and convenience. But seldom studies tested the applicability of remote sensing techniques before implementing. This study conducted the soil quality assessment in a typical agricultural county in the Yellow River delta (Kenli). We found the soil quality in Kenli was dominantly in the low grade (71.85%), with deficient nutrient (SOM and TN), poor structure (high BD) and high EC. Salinity is the primary limiting factor for soil quality in Kenli, and adjustment of soil salinization through suitable farming practices such as organic fertilizers application, irrigation for leaching, and salt-tolerant crop planting is the key point for soil quality improvement. We obtained the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of the study area by remote sensing technique, and found the high correlation between NDVI and soil quality indicator (SOM, TN and EC) and yield. The NDVI can help to study the soil conditions as a soil quality assessment indicator. More studies about the ap-plication of remote sensing technique on soil quality detecting are expected.展开更多
Cardiac rehabilitation(CR)typically consists of physical activity supplemented with lifestyle modifications,including smoking cessation,adherence to a healthful diet,stress management,medication adherence management,r...Cardiac rehabilitation(CR)typically consists of physical activity supplemented with lifestyle modifications,including smoking cessation,adherence to a healthful diet,stress management,medication adherence management,risk factor reduction,psychosocial support,and education[1].Because CR involves important changes in lifestyle and physical activity,self-management is central to successful CR[2].Proper knowledge regarding.展开更多
The frequent failures of small-diameter vascular grafts(SDVGs)mainly result from thrombosis and insufficient endothelialization.Despite recent biochemical modification strategies aiming to enhance long-term patency,th...The frequent failures of small-diameter vascular grafts(SDVGs)mainly result from thrombosis and insufficient endothelialization.Despite recent biochemical modification strategies aiming to enhance long-term patency,the challenges of suppressing thrombosis and promoting rapid endothelialization persist.We thus designed a biomimetic three-layer flexible vascular graft scaffold.This scaffold precisely replicates the nonlinear mechanical responses of vascular tissues and promotes vascular regeneration by minimizing the mechanical mismatch between the graft and the host.The biomimetic flexible SDVG scaffold comprises a screwed inner layer,a middle fabric layer,and a Polyethylene terephthalate(PET)helical coil.It shows excellent bending resistance and resilience,reducing thrombosis formation caused by impaired blood flow during bending.Moreover,this scaffold notably improves the adhesion,spreading,proliferation,and elongation of endothelial cells,facilitating luminal remodeling and maintaining long-term patency through its intimal topography.In vivo studies demonstrate that the endothelial layer forms within three months of implantation,ensuring long-term patency.By three months after implantation,both the endothelial and smooth muscle layers are regenerated,developing hierarchical microstructures and compositions similar to those of native vessels.The biomimetic flexible vascular graft with screwed structures exhibits excellent bending resistance and enhanced vascular remodeling,thereby promoting blood vessel regeneration and showing strong potential for clinical translation.展开更多
Time series segmentation aims to extract some meaningful subsequences from complex temporal information.A proper segmentation can effectively help users to analyze the structure of time series.In this study,we propose...Time series segmentation aims to extract some meaningful subsequences from complex temporal information.A proper segmentation can effectively help users to analyze the structure of time series.In this study,we propose an information granulation-based fuzzy clustering method for the problem of time series segmentation.The suggested time series segmentation method follows the technological procedure of fuzzy c-means clustering method.First,the original time series is randomly divided into several segments.Then,an information granulation-based dynamic time warping approach is designed to update the series centers,where the principle of reasonable granularity is utilized to calculate the mean of the segments.Next,the time series segments are clustered by optimizing the objective function.Finally,the optimal segmentation points are generated by merging the contiguous segments in the same cluster.The experimental results show that the established segmentation method has more advantages than the existing segmentation methods.展开更多
With high carrier mobility and intrinsic low lattice thermal conductivity,Ag_(2)Se compounds have attracted increasing attention for thermoelectric application near room temperature.Due to its phase transition at~406 ...With high carrier mobility and intrinsic low lattice thermal conductivity,Ag_(2)Se compounds have attracted increasing attention for thermoelectric application near room temperature.Due to its phase transition at~406 K and resulting thermal volume expansion,the growth and thermoelectric properties of large-sized Ag_(2)Se single crystals have seldom been reported so far.In this work,the vertical Bridgeman method was used for growing bulk Ag_(2)Se single crystal,with an orientation preference along lowsymmetric(201)plane.The Hall mobility as high as 2000 cm^(2)/(V·s)and weak electron-phonon coupling contributes to a high electronic quality BE of~7.0 in near-room-temperature b-Ag_(2)Se single crystals,which is superior to the high-temperature phase a-Ag_(2)Se.The observed low lattice thermal conductivity of 0.8 W/(m·K)at 300 K is due to the low group speeds and strong anharmonicity.A promising peak zT of 0.66 at 375 K and an average zT of 0.65 at 300-375 K were realized in b-Ag_(2)Se crystals.The low Vickers hardness and good ductile properties were confirmed by experiment and theoretical analysis.This work not only synthesized large-sized and highly-orientated Ag_(2)Se crystals,but also revealed its great potential of thermoelectric performance and mechanical properties for various applications near room temperature.展开更多
Exploring the fundamental building block is essential for constructing functional materials with extended topological configurations.In the polymeric nitrogen system,no fundamental building blocks have been reported s...Exploring the fundamental building block is essential for constructing functional materials with extended topological configurations.In the polymeric nitrogen system,no fundamental building blocks have been reported so far.Here,we successfully synthesize the buckled 1-dimensional(1D)band-shaped and 2-dimensional(2D)layered polymeric nitrogen frameworks with N_(18)ring as a fundamental building block for the first time.Furthermore,the dimensions of the polymeric nitrogen frameworks can be regulated by pressure conditions.Bader charge analyses indicate that the charge transfer from the La atom to the low-order bonded nitrogen atom plays a crucial role in stabilizing these two lowdimensional polymeric frameworks.Both LaN_(16)and LaN_(8)are promising high-energy-density materials(HEDMs).This study reveals that the N_(18)ring can serve as a fundamental building block,analogous to the six-membered ring in carbon-based materials,enabling the construction of novel polymeric nitrogen materials with extended frameworks.展开更多
Aim:Currently,prepectoral breast reconstruction(PBR)is widely used in clinical practice,but its safety lacks high-level epidemiological evidence.This meta-analysis intended to clarify the safety of PBR for clinicians....Aim:Currently,prepectoral breast reconstruction(PBR)is widely used in clinical practice,but its safety lacks high-level epidemiological evidence.This meta-analysis intended to clarify the safety of PBR for clinicians.Methods:The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.Two independent reviewers systematically searched six databases from 1 January 2000 to 27 March 2020 to identify eligible studies.Statistical analysis was performed using R GUI 3.6.3,and a random effects model was used to calculate the proportion with 95%confidence intervals(CIs).Subgroup analysis was conducted based on body mass index,proportion of patients receiving preoperative radiotherapy,surgical technique,and follow-up time.Results:In total,19 studies involving 1686 cases and 2551 breasts were included.The percentage of surgical success was 96.2%,while the total complication rate was 15.4%(95%CI:10.6%-20.9%),hematoma rate was 4.3%(95%CI:2.3%-6.9%),infection rate was 3.4%(95%CI:2.0%-5.1%),and capsular contracture rate was 0.9%(95%CI:0.1%-2.6%).The results of the subgroup analysis show that:(1)the incidence of capsular contracture was higher in patients with lower weight,while other complications were minimal;(2)compared with the patients who underwent two-stage expander-assisted PBR,those with direct to-implant PBR had lower incidences of surgical complications;(3)preoperative radiotherapy could be a risk factor for various postoperative complications;and(4)with the extension of follow-up time,the incidence of long-term complications increases.Conclusion:This present work confirmed that PBR is a safe and reliable therapy with a higher success rate and a relatively lower rate of complications.Overall,PBR can be used as an alternative for sub-pectoral breast reconstruction.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(No.30470930)the Ministry of Education of China(No.104130)the National Program for Basic Research and Development(973)of China(No.2004CB117304).
文摘Actin depolymerizing factor(ADF),highly conserved in all eukaryotic cells,is a low molecular mass of actin-binding protein,which plays a key role in modulating the polymerizing and depolymerizing of the actin filaments.Four cDNAs(designated GhADF2,GhADF3,GhADF4,and GhADF5,respectively)encoding ADF proteins were isolated from cotton(Gossypium hirsutum)fiber cDNA library.GhADF2 cDNA is 705 bp in length and deduces a protein with 139 amino acids.GhADF3 cDNA is 819 bp in length and encodes a protein of 139 amino acids.GhADF4 cDNA is 804 bp in length and deduces a protein with 143 amino acids.GhADF5 cDNA is 644 bp in length and encodes a protein of 141 amino acids.The molecular evolutionary relationship of these genes was analyzed by means of bioinformatics.GhADF2 is closely related to GhADF3(99%identity)and PetADF2(89%identity).GhADF4 is closely related to AtADF6(78%identity),and GhADF5 is closely related to AtADF5(83%identity).These results demonstrated that the plant ADF genes are highly conserved in structure.RT-PCR analysis showed that GhADF2 is predominantly expressed in fiber,whereas,GhADF5 is mainly expressed in cotyledons.On the other hand,it seems that GhADF3 and GhADF4 have no tissue specificity.Expression levels of different ADF genes may vary considerably in the same cell type,suggesting that they might be involved in regulating tissue development of cotton and the each ADF isoform may diverge to form the functional difference from the other ADFs during evolution.
基金was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(81972893,82172719)Natural Science Foundation of Henan(212300410071)Training program for young key teachers in Henan Province(2020GGJS019).
文摘Induction of tumor cell senescence has become a promising strategy for anti-tumor immunotherapy,but fibrotic matrix severely blocks senescence inducers penetration and immune cells infiltration.Herein,we designed a cancer-associated fibroblasts(CAFs)triggered structure-transformable nano-assembly(HSD-P@V),which can directionally deliver valsartan(Val,CAFs regulator)and doxorubicin(DOX,senescence inducer)to the specific targets.In detail,DOX is conjugated with hyaluronic acid(HA)via diselenide bonds(Se-Se)to form HSD micelles,while CAFs-sensitive peptide is grafted onto the HSD to form a hydrophilic polymer,which is coated on Val nanocrystals(VNs)surface for improving the stability and achieving responsive release.Once arriving at tumor microenvironment and touching CAFs,HSD-P@V disintegrates into VNs and HSD micelles due to sensitive peptide detachment.VNs can degrade the extracellularmatrix,leading to the enhanced penetration of HSD.HSD targets tumor cells,releases DOX to induce senescence,and recruits effector immune cells.Furthermore,senescent cells are cleared by the recruited immune cells to finish the integrated anti-tumor therapy.In vitro and in vivo results show that the nanoassembly remarkably inhibits tumor growth as well as lungmetastasis,and extends tumorbearing mice survival.This work provides a promising paradigm of programmed delivering multi-site nanomedicine for cancer immunotherapy.
基金Project supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2018YFA0305900)the National Nat-ural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12174143,11634004,11847094,and 11804384)JLU Science and Technology Innovative Research Team(Grant No.2017TD-01)。
文摘Pentazolate compounds have attracted extensive attention as high energy density materials.The synthesis and recovery of pentazolate compounds is of great importance for their potential applications.Here,we report the synthesis of Pmn2_(1)-NaN_(5)and Pm-Na_(2)N_(5)through compressing and laser heating pure NaN_(3)at~60 GPa.Upon decompression,the pressureinduced structural transition from Pmn2_(1)-NaN_(5)into Cm-NaN_(5)is observed in the pressure range of 14-23 GPa for the first time.The cyclo-N_(5)^(-)can be traced down to 4.7 GPa at room temperature and recovered to ambient pressure under low temperature condition(up to 160 K).The Pm-Na_(2)N_(5)is suggested to decompose into the P4/mmm-NaN_(2)at 23 GPa,and be stable at ambient conditions.This work provides insight into the high-pressure behaviors of pentazolate compounds and an alternative way to stabilize energetic polynitrogen compounds.
文摘Soil quality assessment is essential to improve the understanding of soil quality and make proper agricultural practices. However, soil quality assessments are extremely difficult to implement in a large-scale area, since they are time and labor consuming. Remote sensing technique gained more attention in plant and soil information monitoring recently for its high effi-ciency and convenience. But seldom studies tested the applicability of remote sensing techniques before implementing. This study conducted the soil quality assessment in a typical agricultural county in the Yellow River delta (Kenli). We found the soil quality in Kenli was dominantly in the low grade (71.85%), with deficient nutrient (SOM and TN), poor structure (high BD) and high EC. Salinity is the primary limiting factor for soil quality in Kenli, and adjustment of soil salinization through suitable farming practices such as organic fertilizers application, irrigation for leaching, and salt-tolerant crop planting is the key point for soil quality improvement. We obtained the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of the study area by remote sensing technique, and found the high correlation between NDVI and soil quality indicator (SOM, TN and EC) and yield. The NDVI can help to study the soil conditions as a soil quality assessment indicator. More studies about the ap-plication of remote sensing technique on soil quality detecting are expected.
基金supported by the Qingdao Science and Technology Benefit People Demonstration and Guidance Project(20-3-4-54-nsh)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.82370272)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(ZR2023MH337).
文摘Cardiac rehabilitation(CR)typically consists of physical activity supplemented with lifestyle modifications,including smoking cessation,adherence to a healthful diet,stress management,medication adherence management,risk factor reduction,psychosocial support,and education[1].Because CR involves important changes in lifestyle and physical activity,self-management is central to successful CR[2].Proper knowledge regarding.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFC2412402)the Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province(No.2022ACA002).
文摘The frequent failures of small-diameter vascular grafts(SDVGs)mainly result from thrombosis and insufficient endothelialization.Despite recent biochemical modification strategies aiming to enhance long-term patency,the challenges of suppressing thrombosis and promoting rapid endothelialization persist.We thus designed a biomimetic three-layer flexible vascular graft scaffold.This scaffold precisely replicates the nonlinear mechanical responses of vascular tissues and promotes vascular regeneration by minimizing the mechanical mismatch between the graft and the host.The biomimetic flexible SDVG scaffold comprises a screwed inner layer,a middle fabric layer,and a Polyethylene terephthalate(PET)helical coil.It shows excellent bending resistance and resilience,reducing thrombosis formation caused by impaired blood flow during bending.Moreover,this scaffold notably improves the adhesion,spreading,proliferation,and elongation of endothelial cells,facilitating luminal remodeling and maintaining long-term patency through its intimal topography.In vivo studies demonstrate that the endothelial layer forms within three months of implantation,ensuring long-term patency.By three months after implantation,both the endothelial and smooth muscle layers are regenerated,developing hierarchical microstructures and compositions similar to those of native vessels.The biomimetic flexible vascular graft with screwed structures exhibits excellent bending resistance and enhanced vascular remodeling,thereby promoting blood vessel regeneration and showing strong potential for clinical translation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62173053,62006071,62006033)the Science and Technology Project of Science and Technology Department of Henan Province(242102210016,212102210149)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(252300421806)the Backbone Teacher Training Program of Henan University of Technology.
文摘Time series segmentation aims to extract some meaningful subsequences from complex temporal information.A proper segmentation can effectively help users to analyze the structure of time series.In this study,we propose an information granulation-based fuzzy clustering method for the problem of time series segmentation.The suggested time series segmentation method follows the technological procedure of fuzzy c-means clustering method.First,the original time series is randomly divided into several segments.Then,an information granulation-based dynamic time warping approach is designed to update the series centers,where the principle of reasonable granularity is utilized to calculate the mean of the segments.Next,the time series segments are clustered by optimizing the objective function.Finally,the optimal segmentation points are generated by merging the contiguous segments in the same cluster.The experimental results show that the established segmentation method has more advantages than the existing segmentation methods.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFA0305900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(12174143)+1 种基金the Basic Science Center Project of NSFC(52388201)the National Science Fund for Distinguished Yong Scholars(12025405)。
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52001231,52272006,U22A2073)the Shanghai Shuguang Program,the Program for Professor of Special Appointment(Eastern Scholar)at Shanghai Institutions,the Chenguang Program of Shanghai Education Development Foundation and Shanghai Municipal Education Commission,Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LY22A040001)+1 种基金S&T Innovation 2025 Major Special Program of Ningbo(2020Z054)Wenzhou Municipal Natural Science Foundation(G20210016).
文摘With high carrier mobility and intrinsic low lattice thermal conductivity,Ag_(2)Se compounds have attracted increasing attention for thermoelectric application near room temperature.Due to its phase transition at~406 K and resulting thermal volume expansion,the growth and thermoelectric properties of large-sized Ag_(2)Se single crystals have seldom been reported so far.In this work,the vertical Bridgeman method was used for growing bulk Ag_(2)Se single crystal,with an orientation preference along lowsymmetric(201)plane.The Hall mobility as high as 2000 cm^(2)/(V·s)and weak electron-phonon coupling contributes to a high electronic quality BE of~7.0 in near-room-temperature b-Ag_(2)Se single crystals,which is superior to the high-temperature phase a-Ag_(2)Se.The observed low lattice thermal conductivity of 0.8 W/(m·K)at 300 K is due to the low group speeds and strong anharmonicity.A promising peak zT of 0.66 at 375 K and an average zT of 0.65 at 300-375 K were realized in b-Ag_(2)Se crystals.The low Vickers hardness and good ductile properties were confirmed by experiment and theoretical analysis.This work not only synthesized large-sized and highly-orientated Ag_(2)Se crystals,but also revealed its great potential of thermoelectric performance and mechanical properties for various applications near room temperature.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFA1406200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(12174143,12404014)+1 种基金the Basic Science Center Project of NSFC(52388201)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded project(2023M741352).
文摘Exploring the fundamental building block is essential for constructing functional materials with extended topological configurations.In the polymeric nitrogen system,no fundamental building blocks have been reported so far.Here,we successfully synthesize the buckled 1-dimensional(1D)band-shaped and 2-dimensional(2D)layered polymeric nitrogen frameworks with N_(18)ring as a fundamental building block for the first time.Furthermore,the dimensions of the polymeric nitrogen frameworks can be regulated by pressure conditions.Bader charge analyses indicate that the charge transfer from the La atom to the low-order bonded nitrogen atom plays a crucial role in stabilizing these two lowdimensional polymeric frameworks.Both LaN_(16)and LaN_(8)are promising high-energy-density materials(HEDMs).This study reveals that the N_(18)ring can serve as a fundamental building block,analogous to the six-membered ring in carbon-based materials,enabling the construction of novel polymeric nitrogen materials with extended frameworks.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFA0110500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81873941 to Jiaming Sun,No.81901977 to Ran An,No.81701912 to Yun Xia)Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.2016CFB133 to Ke Guo,No.2019CFB561 to Nengqiang Guo).
文摘Aim:Currently,prepectoral breast reconstruction(PBR)is widely used in clinical practice,but its safety lacks high-level epidemiological evidence.This meta-analysis intended to clarify the safety of PBR for clinicians.Methods:The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.Two independent reviewers systematically searched six databases from 1 January 2000 to 27 March 2020 to identify eligible studies.Statistical analysis was performed using R GUI 3.6.3,and a random effects model was used to calculate the proportion with 95%confidence intervals(CIs).Subgroup analysis was conducted based on body mass index,proportion of patients receiving preoperative radiotherapy,surgical technique,and follow-up time.Results:In total,19 studies involving 1686 cases and 2551 breasts were included.The percentage of surgical success was 96.2%,while the total complication rate was 15.4%(95%CI:10.6%-20.9%),hematoma rate was 4.3%(95%CI:2.3%-6.9%),infection rate was 3.4%(95%CI:2.0%-5.1%),and capsular contracture rate was 0.9%(95%CI:0.1%-2.6%).The results of the subgroup analysis show that:(1)the incidence of capsular contracture was higher in patients with lower weight,while other complications were minimal;(2)compared with the patients who underwent two-stage expander-assisted PBR,those with direct to-implant PBR had lower incidences of surgical complications;(3)preoperative radiotherapy could be a risk factor for various postoperative complications;and(4)with the extension of follow-up time,the incidence of long-term complications increases.Conclusion:This present work confirmed that PBR is a safe and reliable therapy with a higher success rate and a relatively lower rate of complications.Overall,PBR can be used as an alternative for sub-pectoral breast reconstruction.
