BACKGROUND:Pulse indicated continuous cardiac output(PiCCO)has largely replaced Swan-Ganz catheterization in shock patients.However,whether PiCCO monitoring can improve outcomes of shock patients,such as mortality,len...BACKGROUND:Pulse indicated continuous cardiac output(PiCCO)has largely replaced Swan-Ganz catheterization in shock patients.However,whether PiCCO monitoring can improve outcomes of shock patients,such as mortality,length of hospital stay,duration of mechanical ventilation,or laboratory parameters,remains unknown.METHODS:This retrospective cohort study included patients with shock in the intensive care unit(ICU)from January 2013 to January 2020.Patients were divided into PiCCO group and non-PiCCO group based on treatment with PiCCO monitoring or not.Demographic characteristics,Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation(APACHE)II scores,quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment(qSOFA)scores,14-day mortality,and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP)levels at 0,1,3 and 7 days after onset of shock,duration of mechanical ventilation,length of hospital stay and hospitalization costs were compiled and analyzed using propensity score matching(PSM).RESULTS:Real-world analysis of 1,583 ICU patients suff ering shock after propensity score matching revealed that 14-day mortality did not differ between PiCCO and non-PiCCO groups(36.2%vs.32.6%,P=0.343).Duration of mechanical ventilation,hospital stay,and hospitalization costs were also similar between the two groups(P>0.05).No diff erences in changes of NT-proBNP levels on days 0,1,3,and 7 as compared to baseline were noted between the two groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSIONS:The results of our real-world indicate that PiCCO monitoring may not shorten the duration of mechanical ventilation,length of hospital stay,or reduce hospitalization costs,nor will it bring survival benefi ts to ICU patients suff ering shock.展开更多
Nanocellulose is a biodegradable, renewable, nonmeltable polymeric material that is insoluble in most solvents due to hydrogen bonding and crystallinity. Nanocellulose has attracted considerable attention in recent de...Nanocellulose is a biodegradable, renewable, nonmeltable polymeric material that is insoluble in most solvents due to hydrogen bonding and crystallinity. Nanocellulose has attracted considerable attention in recent decades owing to its environmental friendliness, wide availability, good biocompatibility, high crystallinity, and high Young's modulus. This review presents the recent achievements in preparation and applications of nanocellulose, including a discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of various preparation methods and a summary of the applications of nanocellulose in composite materials research. Finally, we examine the mounting evidence of more widespread potential applications of nanocellulose.展开更多
The first fractured shale gas well of China was constructed in 2010.After 10 years of development,China has become the second country that possesses the core technology of shale gas development around the world,realiz...The first fractured shale gas well of China was constructed in 2010.After 10 years of development,China has become the second country that possesses the core technology of shale gas development around the world,realized the shale gas fracturing techniques from zero to one and from lagging to partially leading,and constructed the fracturing theory and technology system suitable for middle-shallow marine shale gas exploitation.In order to provide beneficial guidance for the efficient exploitation of shale gas in China in the future,this paper comprehensively reviews development history and status of domestic fundamental theories,optimized design methods,fluid systems,tools and technologies of shale gas fracturing and summarizes the research results in fundamental theories and optimized design methods,such as fracturing sweet-spot cognition,fracture network propagation simulation and control,rock hydration and flowback control,and SRV(stimulated reservoir volume)evaluation and characterization.The development and application of slick-water fracturing fluid system and new fracturing fluid with little or no water is discussed.The development and independent research&development level of multi-stage fracturing tools are evaluated,including drillable composite plug,soluble plug,large-diameter plug and casing cementing sleeve.The implementation situations of field technologies and processes are illustrated,including the early conventional multi-stage multi-cluster fracturing and the current“dense cluster”fracturing and temporary plugging fracturing.Based on this,the current challenges to domestic shale gas fracturing technologies are analyzed systematically,and the development direction of related technologies is forecast.In conclusion,it is necessary for China to continuously research the fracturing theories,technologies and methods suitable for domestic deep and ultra-deep marine shale gas,terrestrial shale gas and transitional shale gas to facilitate the future efficient development of shale gas in China.展开更多
Rice production is severely impacted by pathogens such as Magnaporthe oryzae and the rice stripe virus(RSV).Ineffectiveness in controlling viruses and the excessive use of fungicides have proven traditional chemical p...Rice production is severely impacted by pathogens such as Magnaporthe oryzae and the rice stripe virus(RSV).Ineffectiveness in controlling viruses and the excessive use of fungicides have proven traditional chemical pesticides increasingly inadequate.RNA interference(RNAi)represents a cutting-edge approach for combating crop diseases,especially in rice.This study addresses the critical gap in scalable,effective RNAi-based rice disease management by exploring the potential of spray-applied small RNA(sRNA)and double-stranded RNA(dsRNA)molecules.We utilized dsRNAs produced by in vitro transcription and bacterial expression systems and employed layered double hydroxides(LDH)to enhance RNA stability,absorption,and efficacy.Our research demonstrated that modified sRNAs could effectively penetrate M.oryzae cell membranes and inhibit conidial germination and appressorium formation,while LDH-conjugated dsRNAs provided prolonged and enhanced protection against both rice blast and rice stripe diseases.Most importantly,dsRNA treatments resulted in improved agronomic traits or increased crop yields by protecting against blast and stripe diseases.This study also validated the compatibility of these RNA molecules with industrial production methods,highlighting their potential as a scalable and eco-friendly option for managing crop diseases at the gene level.This work not only offers a new direction for rice disease control but also provides a foundation for the broader application of RNAi technology in agricultural pest management.展开更多
Increasing evidence suggests that mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)cascades play a crucial role in plant defense against viruses.However,the mechanisms that underlie the activation of MAPK cascades in response to...Increasing evidence suggests that mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)cascades play a crucial role in plant defense against viruses.However,the mechanisms that underlie the activation of MAPK cascades in response to viral infection remain unclear.In this study,we discovered that phosphatidic acid(PA)repre-sents a major class of lipids that respond to Potato virus Y(PVY)at an early stage of infection.We identified NbPLDa1(Nicotiana benthamiana phospholipase Da1)as the key enzyme responsible for increased PA levels during PVY infection and found that it plays an antiviral role.6K2 of PVY interacts with NbPLDa1,lead-ing to elevated PA levels.In addition,NbPLDa1 and PA are recruited by 6K2 to membrane-bound viral repli-cation complexes.On the other hand,6K2 also induces activation of the MAPK pathway,dependent on its interaction with NbPLDa1 and the derived PA.PA binds to WIPK/SIPK/NTF4,prompting their phosphoryla-tion of WRKY8.Notably,spraying with exogenous PA is sufficient to activate the MAPK pathway.Knock-down of the MEK2-WIPK/SIPK-WRKY8 cascade resulted in enhanced accumulation of PVY genomic RNA.6K2 of Turnip mosaic virus and p33 of Tomato bushy stunt virus also interacted with NbPLDa1 and induced the activation of MAPK-mediated immunity.Loss of function of NbPLDa1 inhibited virus-induced activation of MAPK cascades and promoted viral RNA accumulation.Thus,activation of MAPK-mediated immunity by NbPLDa1-derived PA is a common strategy employed by hosts to counteract positive-strand RNA virus infection.展开更多
A simple electrochemically mediated method for the conversion of nitroarenes to aryl boronic esters is presented.Electrochemical borylation of a diverse range of nitroarenes,including the late-stage borylation of bioa...A simple electrochemically mediated method for the conversion of nitroarenes to aryl boronic esters is presented.Electrochemical borylation of a diverse range of nitroarenes,including the late-stage borylation of bioactive molecules,is furnished at room temperature under simple conditions,thereby demonstrating the broad utility and functional-group tolerance of this protocol.This transformation provides a convenient and practical access to aryl boronic esters from widely available nitroarenes,which would significantly streamline the synthetic process of diverse functionalized arenes.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND:Pulse indicated continuous cardiac output(PiCCO)has largely replaced Swan-Ganz catheterization in shock patients.However,whether PiCCO monitoring can improve outcomes of shock patients,such as mortality,length of hospital stay,duration of mechanical ventilation,or laboratory parameters,remains unknown.METHODS:This retrospective cohort study included patients with shock in the intensive care unit(ICU)from January 2013 to January 2020.Patients were divided into PiCCO group and non-PiCCO group based on treatment with PiCCO monitoring or not.Demographic characteristics,Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation(APACHE)II scores,quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment(qSOFA)scores,14-day mortality,and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP)levels at 0,1,3 and 7 days after onset of shock,duration of mechanical ventilation,length of hospital stay and hospitalization costs were compiled and analyzed using propensity score matching(PSM).RESULTS:Real-world analysis of 1,583 ICU patients suff ering shock after propensity score matching revealed that 14-day mortality did not differ between PiCCO and non-PiCCO groups(36.2%vs.32.6%,P=0.343).Duration of mechanical ventilation,hospital stay,and hospitalization costs were also similar between the two groups(P>0.05).No diff erences in changes of NT-proBNP levels on days 0,1,3,and 7 as compared to baseline were noted between the two groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSIONS:The results of our real-world indicate that PiCCO monitoring may not shorten the duration of mechanical ventilation,length of hospital stay,or reduce hospitalization costs,nor will it bring survival benefi ts to ICU patients suff ering shock.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51603050)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Autonomous Region(2016GXNSFBA380064,2016GXNSFAA380029)+1 种基金the Startup Foundation for Doctors of Guilin University of Technologythe Open Project Foundation of the Guangxi Key Laboratory of New Energy and Building Energy Saving(16-J-21-3)
文摘Nanocellulose is a biodegradable, renewable, nonmeltable polymeric material that is insoluble in most solvents due to hydrogen bonding and crystallinity. Nanocellulose has attracted considerable attention in recent decades owing to its environmental friendliness, wide availability, good biocompatibility, high crystallinity, and high Young's modulus. This review presents the recent achievements in preparation and applications of nanocellulose, including a discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of various preparation methods and a summary of the applications of nanocellulose in composite materials research. Finally, we examine the mounting evidence of more widespread potential applications of nanocellulose.
文摘The first fractured shale gas well of China was constructed in 2010.After 10 years of development,China has become the second country that possesses the core technology of shale gas development around the world,realized the shale gas fracturing techniques from zero to one and from lagging to partially leading,and constructed the fracturing theory and technology system suitable for middle-shallow marine shale gas exploitation.In order to provide beneficial guidance for the efficient exploitation of shale gas in China in the future,this paper comprehensively reviews development history and status of domestic fundamental theories,optimized design methods,fluid systems,tools and technologies of shale gas fracturing and summarizes the research results in fundamental theories and optimized design methods,such as fracturing sweet-spot cognition,fracture network propagation simulation and control,rock hydration and flowback control,and SRV(stimulated reservoir volume)evaluation and characterization.The development and application of slick-water fracturing fluid system and new fracturing fluid with little or no water is discussed.The development and independent research&development level of multi-stage fracturing tools are evaluated,including drillable composite plug,soluble plug,large-diameter plug and casing cementing sleeve.The implementation situations of field technologies and processes are illustrated,including the early conventional multi-stage multi-cluster fracturing and the current“dense cluster”fracturing and temporary plugging fracturing.Based on this,the current challenges to domestic shale gas fracturing technologies are analyzed systematically,and the development direction of related technologies is forecast.In conclusion,it is necessary for China to continuously research the fracturing theories,technologies and methods suitable for domestic deep and ultra-deep marine shale gas,terrestrial shale gas and transitional shale gas to facilitate the future efficient development of shale gas in China.
基金supported by a grant from a Natural Science Foundation of China program (32372556)a Yangtze River Delta Science and Technology Innovation Consortium Key Research Project (24CSJ140200) to H.Z.a Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund (CX [22] 3019) to Y.L.
文摘Rice production is severely impacted by pathogens such as Magnaporthe oryzae and the rice stripe virus(RSV).Ineffectiveness in controlling viruses and the excessive use of fungicides have proven traditional chemical pesticides increasingly inadequate.RNA interference(RNAi)represents a cutting-edge approach for combating crop diseases,especially in rice.This study addresses the critical gap in scalable,effective RNAi-based rice disease management by exploring the potential of spray-applied small RNA(sRNA)and double-stranded RNA(dsRNA)molecules.We utilized dsRNAs produced by in vitro transcription and bacterial expression systems and employed layered double hydroxides(LDH)to enhance RNA stability,absorption,and efficacy.Our research demonstrated that modified sRNAs could effectively penetrate M.oryzae cell membranes and inhibit conidial germination and appressorium formation,while LDH-conjugated dsRNAs provided prolonged and enhanced protection against both rice blast and rice stripe diseases.Most importantly,dsRNA treatments resulted in improved agronomic traits or increased crop yields by protecting against blast and stripe diseases.This study also validated the compatibility of these RNA molecules with industrial production methods,highlighting their potential as a scalable and eco-friendly option for managing crop diseases at the gene level.This work not only offers a new direction for rice disease control but also provides a foundation for the broader application of RNAi technology in agricultural pest management.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31901855)the Youth Talent Support Program of Henan Province (2020HYTP042)the Special Fund for Young Talents of Henan Agricultural University。
文摘Increasing evidence suggests that mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)cascades play a crucial role in plant defense against viruses.However,the mechanisms that underlie the activation of MAPK cascades in response to viral infection remain unclear.In this study,we discovered that phosphatidic acid(PA)repre-sents a major class of lipids that respond to Potato virus Y(PVY)at an early stage of infection.We identified NbPLDa1(Nicotiana benthamiana phospholipase Da1)as the key enzyme responsible for increased PA levels during PVY infection and found that it plays an antiviral role.6K2 of PVY interacts with NbPLDa1,lead-ing to elevated PA levels.In addition,NbPLDa1 and PA are recruited by 6K2 to membrane-bound viral repli-cation complexes.On the other hand,6K2 also induces activation of the MAPK pathway,dependent on its interaction with NbPLDa1 and the derived PA.PA binds to WIPK/SIPK/NTF4,prompting their phosphoryla-tion of WRKY8.Notably,spraying with exogenous PA is sufficient to activate the MAPK pathway.Knock-down of the MEK2-WIPK/SIPK-WRKY8 cascade resulted in enhanced accumulation of PVY genomic RNA.6K2 of Turnip mosaic virus and p33 of Tomato bushy stunt virus also interacted with NbPLDa1 and induced the activation of MAPK-mediated immunity.Loss of function of NbPLDa1 inhibited virus-induced activation of MAPK cascades and promoted viral RNA accumulation.Thus,activation of MAPK-mediated immunity by NbPLDa1-derived PA is a common strategy employed by hosts to counteract positive-strand RNA virus infection.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21602096)。
文摘A simple electrochemically mediated method for the conversion of nitroarenes to aryl boronic esters is presented.Electrochemical borylation of a diverse range of nitroarenes,including the late-stage borylation of bioactive molecules,is furnished at room temperature under simple conditions,thereby demonstrating the broad utility and functional-group tolerance of this protocol.This transformation provides a convenient and practical access to aryl boronic esters from widely available nitroarenes,which would significantly streamline the synthetic process of diverse functionalized arenes.
