Codonopsis pilosula is a major Qi-tonifying medicinal herb,and its active composition is analyzed systematically.However,the relationship between its production origins and commodity specification grades with the acti...Codonopsis pilosula is a major Qi-tonifying medicinal herb,and its active composition is analyzed systematically.However,the relationship between its production origins and commodity specification grades with the active composition of C.pilosula lacks systematic research.This study integrates the HPLC and UV-Vis methodologies to evaluate the quality of C.pilosula from commodity specification grades and different origins,and it explores the correlation between ecological factors and production origins with active components.Here,network pharmacology is used to determine that lobetyolin,syringin,and tangshenoside I have potential efficacy in treating pulmonary fibrosis and oxidative stress.The HPLC and UV-Vis methods were employed to quantitatively analyse the levels of five active compounds from different origins and commodity specification grades.Ecological factors were collected from the different production origins with ArcGIS,and correlation analysis was conducted between these factors and the active components of C.pilosula to identify the key ecological influences that drive the accumulation of active compounds.Results showed that network pharmacology analyses indicated that the active components of C.pilosula,including lobetyolin,syringin,and tangshenoside I,bind to targets and exhibit antioxidant and antipulmonary fibrosis effects.Differences in the contents of active components across three commodity specification grades were not significant.The contents of active components in C.pilosula showed differences with varying origins,with the most variation observed in soluble sugar content,and notable variations are also observed in the levels of lobetyolin,syringin,and tangshenoside I,which could serve as potential biomarkers for different origins.Additionally,ecological factors influenced the accumulation of C.pilosula’s active components.The contents of soluble sugars and tangshenoside I were positively correlated with temperature and precipitation.Our study evaluated the active components of C.pilosula,and findings show that lobetyolin,syringin,and tangshenoside I have potential efficacy in treating pulmonary fibrosis and oxidative stress.The differences in the quality of C.pilosula across varying commodity specification grades are not significant.The different contents of C.pilosula across varying origins are significant,with soluble sugars and glycosides serving as potential markers for distinguishing C.pilosula from different origins.Moreover,ecological factors drove the accumulation of C.pilosula components.Soluble sugars and tangshenoside I content were particularly influenced by temperature and precipitation.Sand content and electrical conductivity significantly correlated with syringin,whereas organic carbon negatively influenced total flavonoids.This research provides a theoretical basis for the selection of the C.pilosula growing area and lays a foundation for the study of the C.pilosula quality standard.展开更多
In this work, nickel metal supported on different supports(SiO_2, Al_2O_3, ZSM-5) were prepared by spraying nickel nitrate on the supports and calcined at 873 K. Then, they were characterized by XRD, XRF, N_2 adsorpt...In this work, nickel metal supported on different supports(SiO_2, Al_2O_3, ZSM-5) were prepared by spraying nickel nitrate on the supports and calcined at 873 K. Then, they were characterized by XRD, XRF, N_2 adsorption–desorption, NH_3-TPD, MCH-TPD, H_2-TPR, and pyridine-FTIR,and tested as catalysts for the dehydrogenation aromatization and isomerization of methylcyclohexane(MCH) under the conditions of S-Zorb catalytic adsorption desulfurization(T ? 673 K, P ? 1.5 MPa, WHSV ? 5 h^(-1)). The H2-TPR results showed that the interaction of NiO with support decreased in the order of NiO/ZSM-5-Fe < NiO/ZSM-5 < NiO/Al_2O_3< NiO/SiO2. The decrease of the interaction appeared to facilitate the reduction of Ni and therefore to promote the dehydrogenation aromatization of MCH.It was found that a direct correlation existed between the gasoline components yields, cracking activity and the total number of different supports acid sites measured by NH_3-TPD tests. Higher total acidity of ZSM-5 resulted in gasoline loss because of higher cracking activity of MCH. The number of total acid sites of NiO/ZSM-5-Fe decreased and the medium strong Br€onsted acid sites necessary for MCH isomerization increased after the modification of ZSM-5 by iron metal. So, NiO/ZSM-5-Fe exhibited enhanced MCH conversion, aromatic and isomerization yields when compared to NiO/ZSM-5 and other Ni-based catalysts. This study shows that NiO/ZSM-5-Fe catalyst may be possible to be integrated into the S-Zorb system achieving the recovery of the octane number of gasoline.展开更多
Abscisic acid(ABA)is involved in regulating diverse biological processes,but its signal transduction genes and roles in hemp seed germination are not well known.Here,the ABA signaling pathway members,PYL,PP2C and SnRK...Abscisic acid(ABA)is involved in regulating diverse biological processes,but its signal transduction genes and roles in hemp seed germination are not well known.Here,the ABA signaling pathway members,PYL,PP2C and SnRK2 gene families,were identified from the hemp reference genome,including 7 CsPYL(pyrab-actin resistance1-like,ABA receptor),8 CsPP2CA(group A protein phosphatase 2c),and 7 CsSnRK2(sucrose nonfermenting1-related protein kinase 2).The content of ABA in hemp seeds in germination stage is lower than that in non-germination stage.Exogenous ABA(1 or 10μM)treatment had a significant regulatory effect on the selected PYL,PP2C,SnRK2 gene families.CsAHG3 and CsHAI1 were most significantly affected by exogenous ABA treatment.Yeast two-hybrid experiments were performed to reveal that CsPYL5,CsSnRK2.2,and CsSnRK2.3 could interact with CsPP2CA7 and demonstrate that this interaction was ABA-independent.Our results indicated that CsPYL5,CsSnRK2.2,CsSnRK2.3 and CsPP2CA7 might involve in the ABA signaling transduction pathway of hemp seeds during the hemp seed germination stages.This study suggested that novel genetic views can be brought into investigation of ABA signaling pathway in hemp seeds and lay the foundation for further exploration of the mechanism of hemp seed germination.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to identify changes in a nematode community in response to crop rotation and to determine the appropriate catch crop for a greenhouse. [Method] The experiment was carried out in a typical 6-yea...[Objective] The aim was to identify changes in a nematode community in response to crop rotation and to determine the appropriate catch crop for a greenhouse. [Method] The experiment was carried out in a typical 6-year-old greenhouse,in which cucumber crops were cultivated twice each year(in spring and autumn),and catch crops were planted in summer. The total number of nematodes was counted and nematode community indices were calculated after collecting soil samples in different stages. [Result] Total nematode abundance was decreased in the soils of catch crop in contrast with former crops(cucumber crops). The abundance of the nematode community was reduced in the treatment of crop rotation compared to the soils of catch crop. In addition, the number of nematode taxa was significantly reduced by the treatment of crown daisy compared to the treatments of following crops. Crop rotation regulated the functional composition of the nematode community by increasing the omnivores-predators functional group and decreasing the relative abundance of root herbivores. [Conclusion] These results indicate that crop rotation affects the nematode community in abundance, diversity and functional composition of the nematode community and crown daisy can be served as the most appropriate catch crop in the greenhouse.展开更多
Objective: The study aimed to assess the characteristics of pancreatic cancer deaths and the relationship between socio-demographic status and mortality risk of pancreatic cancer in Inner Mongolia. Method: We obtained...Objective: The study aimed to assess the characteristics of pancreatic cancer deaths and the relationship between socio-demographic status and mortality risk of pancreatic cancer in Inner Mongolia. Method: We obtained our data for 2008-2014 from the Death Registry System of Inner Mongolia. We calculated the mortality rate, potential years of life lost (PYLL) and average years of life lost (AYLL) for men and women. We collected socio-demographic characteristics including education level, ethnicity, region, and occupation. Logistic regression models were employed to analyze risk factors of pancreatic cancer. Results: The average mortality rate of pancreatic cancer was 4.42/100,000 in Inner Mongolia during 2008 to 2014. Mortality rate in men was higher in all age groups compared with those in women. The highest mortality rate was 1.3 times than the lowest mortality rate for men and 1.6 times for women during seven years. Average AYLL in women were more than 3.4 years compared with that in men. PYLLR in women was fluctuated from 0.41 to 0.63 per thousand during 2008 to 2014. In eastern region, no occupation and high education level had a higher risk of pancreatic cancer. Conclusion: In Inner Mongolia, the mortality rate associated with pancreatic cancer was higher in men compared with in women. More than 65 years old groups had high death risk for pancreatic cancer. Average years of life lost for women were significantly higher than that for men. We should pay more attention to the older men.展开更多
Objective:The investigation of the correlation between ecological factors and the genetic characteristics or metabolites of plants offers valuable insights into the regional causes of genetic and metabolic diversity.H...Objective:The investigation of the correlation between ecological factors and the genetic characteristics or metabolites of plants offers valuable insights into the regional causes of genetic and metabolic diversity.Here,Gastrodia elata,a medicinal plant,is employed as a model to explore the environmental factors that influence its genetic characteristics and metabolic accumulations.Methods:A total of 23 G.elata populations from six cultispecies and 11 cultivated regions were selected based on the predictions of the global geographic information system.The genetic characteristics of these populations were evaluated using highly polymorphic simple sequence repeat markers.Additionally,the metabolic accumulations and antioxidant capacity of mature tubers were measured employing colorimetry and high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Ecological data of each region were obtained from the World Clim-global climate database and harmonized world soil database.To assess the influence of ecological factors on the genetic characteristics and metabolic profiles of G.elata,Pearson's correlation analysis was conducted.Results:Genetic variation among G.elata populations exceeded that within populations.Genetic diverisity,distance and structure manifested regional and species-specific patterns.Metabolic profiling and antioxidant capacity exhibited regional variations.Notably,the Lueyang region demonstrated that a content range of total polysaccharide,total protein,and phenolic glycosides was 9.34%-189.67%higher than the average.Similarly,in the Hubei region,total phenolic content,p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol content,and antioxidant indicators were observed to be higher than the average levels,by 106.57%,136.47%and12.50%-91.14%,respectively.Furthermore,ecological factors had a significant comprehensive impact on G.elata genetic characteristics(r>0.256 and P<0.05).Multivariate metabolite accumulations in G.elata were influenced by dominant ecological factors.Temperature notably impacted the accumulation of total protein(|r|>0.528 and P<0.05).Moisture,encompassing precipitation and soil content,significantly affected the production of phenolic glycosides(|r|>0.503 and P<0.05).Conclusion:The genetic characteristics of G.elata manifested regional and species-specific patterns,with the metabolic accumulations and antioxidant capacity of mature tubers exhibited regional variations.Specifically,multivariate ecological factors comprehensively influenced genetic characteristics.Temperature and moisture played pivotal roles in regulating the accumulations of proteins and phenolic glycosides,respectively.These findings underscore the significant impact of ecological factors on the shaping of G.elata,highlighting their crucial role in enhancing the quality of Chinese medicinal materials.展开更多
Objective:Rhei Radix et Rhizoma has five types of products,namely,raw rhubarb(RR),wine rhubarb(WR),vinegar rhubarb(VR),cooked rhubarb(CR),and rhubarb charcoal(RC).However,Rhei Radix et Rhizoma is easily contaminated w...Objective:Rhei Radix et Rhizoma has five types of products,namely,raw rhubarb(RR),wine rhubarb(WR),vinegar rhubarb(VR),cooked rhubarb(CR),and rhubarb charcoal(RC).However,Rhei Radix et Rhizoma is easily contaminated with fungi and mycotoxins if not harvested or processed properly.Here,we intend to analyze how microbiome assemblies and co-occurrence patterns are influenced by sampling locations and processing methods.Methods:High-throughput sequencing and internal transcribed spacer 2(ITS2)were carried out to study the diversities(α-andβ-diversity),composition(dominant taxa and potential biomarkers),and network complexitity of surface fungi on RR,WR,VR,CR,and RC collected from Gansu and Sichuan provinces,China.Results:The phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota;the genera Kazachstania,Malassezia,and Asterotremella;and the species Kazachstania exigua,Asterotremella pseudolonga,and Malassezia restricta were the dominant fungi and exhibited differences in the two provinces and the five processed products.Theα-diversity and network complexity were strongly dependent on processing methods.Chao 1,the Shannon index,and network complexity and connectivity were highest in the CR group.Theα-diversity and network complexity were influenced by sampling locations.Chao 1 and network complexity and connectivity were highest in the Gansu Province.Conclusion:The assembly and network of the surface microbiome on Rhei Radix et Rhizoma were shaped by processing methods and sampling locations.This paper offers a comprehensive understanding of microorganisms,which can provide early warning for potential mycotoxins and ensure the safety of drugs and consumers.展开更多
Introducing fluorescent nanomaterials as artificial antennas of chloroplasts offers a promising approach to enhancing light harvesting in photosynthesis.However,this technology is limited by the dependence of the fluo...Introducing fluorescent nanomaterials as artificial antennas of chloroplasts offers a promising approach to enhancing light harvesting in photosynthesis.However,this technology is limited by the dependence of the fluorescence efficiency of nanomaterials on dispersed states that cannot enable nanomaterials inside and outside leaves to play an antenna role.Here,we developed solution and solid dual-state ultra-efficient blue emissive carbon dots(DuB_(2)-CDs)by regulating the content of graphitic-N,surface hydroxyl groups.and C–Si bonds based on a four-component microwave synthesis.The as-prepared DuB_(2)-CDs showed intense blue emission in aqueous solution and solid state,with absolute photoluminescence quantum yields of 84.04%and 95.69%,respectively.These features guaranteed that the internal(DuB_(2)-CDs infiltrating the mesophyll system)and external(DuB_(2)-CDs remaining on the surface of leaves)artificial antennas can simultaneously enhance the solar energy utilization efficiency of chloroplasts.Compared with the control groups without antenna use and internal antenna use only,the foliar application of DuB_(2)-CDs substantially enhanced the electron-transport rate,net photosynthesis rate,psbA gene expression,NADPH production,and other plant physiological parameters of living plant during photosynthesis.This work provided a promising strategy for realizing dual-state ultra-efficient emissive CDs while maximizing living plant-photosynthesis augmentation.展开更多
The cultivation of Panax plants is hindered by replanting problems, which may be caused by plantdriven changes in the soil microbial community. Inoculation with microbial antagonists may efficiently alleviate replanti...The cultivation of Panax plants is hindered by replanting problems, which may be caused by plantdriven changes in the soil microbial community. Inoculation with microbial antagonists may efficiently alleviate replanting issues. Through high-throughput sequencing, this study revealed that bacterial diversity decreased,whereas fungal diversity increased, in the rhizosphere soils of adult ginseng plants at the root growth stage under different ages. Few microbial community, such as Luteolibacter, Cytophagaceae, Luteibacter, Sphingomonas,Sphingomonadaceae, and Zygomycota, were observed; the relative abundance of microorganisms, namely,Brevundimonas, Enterobacteriaceae, Pandoraea, Cantharellales, Dendryphion, Fusarium, and Chytridiomycota,increased in the soils of adult ginseng plants compared with those in the soils of 2-year-old seedlings. Bacillus subtilis 50-1, a microbial antagonist against the pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum, was isolated through a dual culture technique. These bacteria acted with a biocontrol efficacy of 67.8%. The ginseng death rate and Fusarium abundance decreased by 63.3% and 46.1%, respectively, after inoculation with B. subtilis 50-1. Data revealed that microecological degradation could result from ginseng-driven changes in rhizospheric microbial communities;these changes are associated with the different ages and developmental stages of ginseng plants. Biocontrol using microbial antagonists alleviated the replanting problem.展开更多
Panax notoginseng is famous for its important therapeutic effects. Saponins are bioactive compounds found in different parts and developmental stages of P. notoginseng plants. Thus, it is urgently to study saponins di...Panax notoginseng is famous for its important therapeutic effects. Saponins are bioactive compounds found in different parts and developmental stages of P. notoginseng plants. Thus, it is urgently to study saponins distribution in different parts and growth ages of P. notoginseng plants. In this study,potential biomarkers were found, and their chemical characteristic differences were revealed through metabolomic analysis. High-performance liquid chromatography data indicated the higher content of saponins(i.e., Rg1, Re, Rd, and Rb1) in the underground parts than that in the aerial parts. 20(S)-Protopanaxadiol saponins were mainly distributed in the aerial parts. Additionally, the total saponin content in the 3-year-old P. notoginseng plant(188.0 mg/g) was 1.4-fold higher than that in 2-year-old plant(130.5 mg/g). The transcriptomic analysis indicated the tissue-specific transcription expression of genes, namely, PnFPS, PnSS, PnSE1, PnSE2, and PnDS, which encoded critical synthases in saponin biosyntheses. These genes showed similar expression patterns among the parts of P. notoginseng plants.The expression levels of these genes in the flowers and leaves were 5.2 fold higher than that in the roots and fibrils. These results suggested that saponins might be actively synthesized in the aerial parts and transformed to the underground parts. This study provides insights into the chemical and genetic characteristics of P. notoginseng to facilitate the synthesis of its secondary metabolites and a scientific basis for appropriate collection and rational use of this plant.展开更多
基金funded by the National Key R&D Plan(2022YFC3501804)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public Welfare Research Institutes(No.ZZ13-YQ-049)National Natural Science Foundation of China(ZXKT22001).
文摘Codonopsis pilosula is a major Qi-tonifying medicinal herb,and its active composition is analyzed systematically.However,the relationship between its production origins and commodity specification grades with the active composition of C.pilosula lacks systematic research.This study integrates the HPLC and UV-Vis methodologies to evaluate the quality of C.pilosula from commodity specification grades and different origins,and it explores the correlation between ecological factors and production origins with active components.Here,network pharmacology is used to determine that lobetyolin,syringin,and tangshenoside I have potential efficacy in treating pulmonary fibrosis and oxidative stress.The HPLC and UV-Vis methods were employed to quantitatively analyse the levels of five active compounds from different origins and commodity specification grades.Ecological factors were collected from the different production origins with ArcGIS,and correlation analysis was conducted between these factors and the active components of C.pilosula to identify the key ecological influences that drive the accumulation of active compounds.Results showed that network pharmacology analyses indicated that the active components of C.pilosula,including lobetyolin,syringin,and tangshenoside I,bind to targets and exhibit antioxidant and antipulmonary fibrosis effects.Differences in the contents of active components across three commodity specification grades were not significant.The contents of active components in C.pilosula showed differences with varying origins,with the most variation observed in soluble sugar content,and notable variations are also observed in the levels of lobetyolin,syringin,and tangshenoside I,which could serve as potential biomarkers for different origins.Additionally,ecological factors influenced the accumulation of C.pilosula’s active components.The contents of soluble sugars and tangshenoside I were positively correlated with temperature and precipitation.Our study evaluated the active components of C.pilosula,and findings show that lobetyolin,syringin,and tangshenoside I have potential efficacy in treating pulmonary fibrosis and oxidative stress.The differences in the quality of C.pilosula across varying commodity specification grades are not significant.The different contents of C.pilosula across varying origins are significant,with soluble sugars and glycosides serving as potential markers for distinguishing C.pilosula from different origins.Moreover,ecological factors drove the accumulation of C.pilosula components.Soluble sugars and tangshenoside I content were particularly influenced by temperature and precipitation.Sand content and electrical conductivity significantly correlated with syringin,whereas organic carbon negatively influenced total flavonoids.This research provides a theoretical basis for the selection of the C.pilosula growing area and lays a foundation for the study of the C.pilosula quality standard.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21433001,21406251 and 21403265)Science and Technology Development Projects of SINOPEC,China(No.113138,112008 and 110099)The Young Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province(tsqn20161052)
文摘In this work, nickel metal supported on different supports(SiO_2, Al_2O_3, ZSM-5) were prepared by spraying nickel nitrate on the supports and calcined at 873 K. Then, they were characterized by XRD, XRF, N_2 adsorption–desorption, NH_3-TPD, MCH-TPD, H_2-TPR, and pyridine-FTIR,and tested as catalysts for the dehydrogenation aromatization and isomerization of methylcyclohexane(MCH) under the conditions of S-Zorb catalytic adsorption desulfurization(T ? 673 K, P ? 1.5 MPa, WHSV ? 5 h^(-1)). The H2-TPR results showed that the interaction of NiO with support decreased in the order of NiO/ZSM-5-Fe < NiO/ZSM-5 < NiO/Al_2O_3< NiO/SiO2. The decrease of the interaction appeared to facilitate the reduction of Ni and therefore to promote the dehydrogenation aromatization of MCH.It was found that a direct correlation existed between the gasoline components yields, cracking activity and the total number of different supports acid sites measured by NH_3-TPD tests. Higher total acidity of ZSM-5 resulted in gasoline loss because of higher cracking activity of MCH. The number of total acid sites of NiO/ZSM-5-Fe decreased and the medium strong Br€onsted acid sites necessary for MCH isomerization increased after the modification of ZSM-5 by iron metal. So, NiO/ZSM-5-Fe exhibited enhanced MCH conversion, aromatic and isomerization yields when compared to NiO/ZSM-5 and other Ni-based catalysts. This study shows that NiO/ZSM-5-Fe catalyst may be possible to be integrated into the S-Zorb system achieving the recovery of the octane number of gasoline.
基金funded by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public Welfare Research Institutes(ZZ13-YQ049)the Scientific Research Project of Hainan Academician Innovation Platform(SQ2021PTZ0052)the National Key R&D Program of China from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2019YFC1711100).
文摘Abscisic acid(ABA)is involved in regulating diverse biological processes,but its signal transduction genes and roles in hemp seed germination are not well known.Here,the ABA signaling pathway members,PYL,PP2C and SnRK2 gene families,were identified from the hemp reference genome,including 7 CsPYL(pyrab-actin resistance1-like,ABA receptor),8 CsPP2CA(group A protein phosphatase 2c),and 7 CsSnRK2(sucrose nonfermenting1-related protein kinase 2).The content of ABA in hemp seeds in germination stage is lower than that in non-germination stage.Exogenous ABA(1 or 10μM)treatment had a significant regulatory effect on the selected PYL,PP2C,SnRK2 gene families.CsAHG3 and CsHAI1 were most significantly affected by exogenous ABA treatment.Yeast two-hybrid experiments were performed to reveal that CsPYL5,CsSnRK2.2,and CsSnRK2.3 could interact with CsPP2CA7 and demonstrate that this interaction was ABA-independent.Our results indicated that CsPYL5,CsSnRK2.2,CsSnRK2.3 and CsPP2CA7 might involve in the ABA signaling transduction pathway of hemp seeds during the hemp seed germination stages.This study suggested that novel genetic views can be brought into investigation of ABA signaling pathway in hemp seeds and lay the foundation for further exploration of the mechanism of hemp seed germination.
基金supported by a Key Grant from the Earmarked Fund for Beijing Leaf Vegetables Innovation Team of Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System (blvt-08)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing (Project 6972014)the National Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30972034)
文摘[Objective] The aim was to identify changes in a nematode community in response to crop rotation and to determine the appropriate catch crop for a greenhouse. [Method] The experiment was carried out in a typical 6-year-old greenhouse,in which cucumber crops were cultivated twice each year(in spring and autumn),and catch crops were planted in summer. The total number of nematodes was counted and nematode community indices were calculated after collecting soil samples in different stages. [Result] Total nematode abundance was decreased in the soils of catch crop in contrast with former crops(cucumber crops). The abundance of the nematode community was reduced in the treatment of crop rotation compared to the soils of catch crop. In addition, the number of nematode taxa was significantly reduced by the treatment of crown daisy compared to the treatments of following crops. Crop rotation regulated the functional composition of the nematode community by increasing the omnivores-predators functional group and decreasing the relative abundance of root herbivores. [Conclusion] These results indicate that crop rotation affects the nematode community in abundance, diversity and functional composition of the nematode community and crown daisy can be served as the most appropriate catch crop in the greenhouse.
文摘Objective: The study aimed to assess the characteristics of pancreatic cancer deaths and the relationship between socio-demographic status and mortality risk of pancreatic cancer in Inner Mongolia. Method: We obtained our data for 2008-2014 from the Death Registry System of Inner Mongolia. We calculated the mortality rate, potential years of life lost (PYLL) and average years of life lost (AYLL) for men and women. We collected socio-demographic characteristics including education level, ethnicity, region, and occupation. Logistic regression models were employed to analyze risk factors of pancreatic cancer. Results: The average mortality rate of pancreatic cancer was 4.42/100,000 in Inner Mongolia during 2008 to 2014. Mortality rate in men was higher in all age groups compared with those in women. The highest mortality rate was 1.3 times than the lowest mortality rate for men and 1.6 times for women during seven years. Average AYLL in women were more than 3.4 years compared with that in men. PYLLR in women was fluctuated from 0.41 to 0.63 per thousand during 2008 to 2014. In eastern region, no occupation and high education level had a higher risk of pancreatic cancer. Conclusion: In Inner Mongolia, the mortality rate associated with pancreatic cancer was higher in men compared with in women. More than 65 years old groups had high death risk for pancreatic cancer. Average years of life lost for women were significantly higher than that for men. We should pay more attention to the older men.
基金supported by Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(No.CI2023E001TS03)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public Welfare Research Institutes(No.ZXKT22001)。
文摘Objective:The investigation of the correlation between ecological factors and the genetic characteristics or metabolites of plants offers valuable insights into the regional causes of genetic and metabolic diversity.Here,Gastrodia elata,a medicinal plant,is employed as a model to explore the environmental factors that influence its genetic characteristics and metabolic accumulations.Methods:A total of 23 G.elata populations from six cultispecies and 11 cultivated regions were selected based on the predictions of the global geographic information system.The genetic characteristics of these populations were evaluated using highly polymorphic simple sequence repeat markers.Additionally,the metabolic accumulations and antioxidant capacity of mature tubers were measured employing colorimetry and high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Ecological data of each region were obtained from the World Clim-global climate database and harmonized world soil database.To assess the influence of ecological factors on the genetic characteristics and metabolic profiles of G.elata,Pearson's correlation analysis was conducted.Results:Genetic variation among G.elata populations exceeded that within populations.Genetic diverisity,distance and structure manifested regional and species-specific patterns.Metabolic profiling and antioxidant capacity exhibited regional variations.Notably,the Lueyang region demonstrated that a content range of total polysaccharide,total protein,and phenolic glycosides was 9.34%-189.67%higher than the average.Similarly,in the Hubei region,total phenolic content,p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol content,and antioxidant indicators were observed to be higher than the average levels,by 106.57%,136.47%and12.50%-91.14%,respectively.Furthermore,ecological factors had a significant comprehensive impact on G.elata genetic characteristics(r>0.256 and P<0.05).Multivariate metabolite accumulations in G.elata were influenced by dominant ecological factors.Temperature notably impacted the accumulation of total protein(|r|>0.528 and P<0.05).Moisture,encompassing precipitation and soil content,significantly affected the production of phenolic glycosides(|r|>0.503 and P<0.05).Conclusion:The genetic characteristics of G.elata manifested regional and species-specific patterns,with the metabolic accumulations and antioxidant capacity of mature tubers exhibited regional variations.Specifically,multivariate ecological factors comprehensively influenced genetic characteristics.Temperature and moisture played pivotal roles in regulating the accumulations of proteins and phenolic glycosides,respectively.These findings underscore the significant impact of ecological factors on the shaping of G.elata,highlighting their crucial role in enhancing the quality of Chinese medicinal materials.
基金supported by grants from the National Key R&D Plan(No.2022YFC3501801,2022YFC3501802and 2022YFC3501804)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public Welfare Research Institutes(No.ZXKT21037,ZZ15-YQ044,ZXKT22050 and ZXKT22001)+1 种基金Scientific Research Project of Hainan Academician Innovation Platform(No.YSPTZX202137 and SQ2021PTZ0052)Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(No.CI2023E002-Y-58)。
文摘Objective:Rhei Radix et Rhizoma has five types of products,namely,raw rhubarb(RR),wine rhubarb(WR),vinegar rhubarb(VR),cooked rhubarb(CR),and rhubarb charcoal(RC).However,Rhei Radix et Rhizoma is easily contaminated with fungi and mycotoxins if not harvested or processed properly.Here,we intend to analyze how microbiome assemblies and co-occurrence patterns are influenced by sampling locations and processing methods.Methods:High-throughput sequencing and internal transcribed spacer 2(ITS2)were carried out to study the diversities(α-andβ-diversity),composition(dominant taxa and potential biomarkers),and network complexitity of surface fungi on RR,WR,VR,CR,and RC collected from Gansu and Sichuan provinces,China.Results:The phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota;the genera Kazachstania,Malassezia,and Asterotremella;and the species Kazachstania exigua,Asterotremella pseudolonga,and Malassezia restricta were the dominant fungi and exhibited differences in the two provinces and the five processed products.Theα-diversity and network complexity were strongly dependent on processing methods.Chao 1,the Shannon index,and network complexity and connectivity were highest in the CR group.Theα-diversity and network complexity were influenced by sampling locations.Chao 1 and network complexity and connectivity were highest in the Gansu Province.Conclusion:The assembly and network of the surface microbiome on Rhei Radix et Rhizoma were shaped by processing methods and sampling locations.This paper offers a comprehensive understanding of microorganisms,which can provide early warning for potential mycotoxins and ensure the safety of drugs and consumers.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:22372114National Key Research and Development Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2023YFD2202104+1 种基金Science and Technology Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,Grant/Award Numbers:2022B02033-3,2022B02049-3-3Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province,Grant/Award Number:202203021211143。
文摘Introducing fluorescent nanomaterials as artificial antennas of chloroplasts offers a promising approach to enhancing light harvesting in photosynthesis.However,this technology is limited by the dependence of the fluorescence efficiency of nanomaterials on dispersed states that cannot enable nanomaterials inside and outside leaves to play an antenna role.Here,we developed solution and solid dual-state ultra-efficient blue emissive carbon dots(DuB_(2)-CDs)by regulating the content of graphitic-N,surface hydroxyl groups.and C–Si bonds based on a four-component microwave synthesis.The as-prepared DuB_(2)-CDs showed intense blue emission in aqueous solution and solid state,with absolute photoluminescence quantum yields of 84.04%and 95.69%,respectively.These features guaranteed that the internal(DuB_(2)-CDs infiltrating the mesophyll system)and external(DuB_(2)-CDs remaining on the surface of leaves)artificial antennas can simultaneously enhance the solar energy utilization efficiency of chloroplasts.Compared with the control groups without antenna use and internal antenna use only,the foliar application of DuB_(2)-CDs substantially enhanced the electron-transport rate,net photosynthesis rate,psbA gene expression,NADPH production,and other plant physiological parameters of living plant during photosynthesis.This work provided a promising strategy for realizing dual-state ultra-efficient emissive CDs while maximizing living plant-photosynthesis augmentation.
基金supported by grants from the National Science Foundation of China(81603238)
文摘The cultivation of Panax plants is hindered by replanting problems, which may be caused by plantdriven changes in the soil microbial community. Inoculation with microbial antagonists may efficiently alleviate replanting issues. Through high-throughput sequencing, this study revealed that bacterial diversity decreased,whereas fungal diversity increased, in the rhizosphere soils of adult ginseng plants at the root growth stage under different ages. Few microbial community, such as Luteolibacter, Cytophagaceae, Luteibacter, Sphingomonas,Sphingomonadaceae, and Zygomycota, were observed; the relative abundance of microorganisms, namely,Brevundimonas, Enterobacteriaceae, Pandoraea, Cantharellales, Dendryphion, Fusarium, and Chytridiomycota,increased in the soils of adult ginseng plants compared with those in the soils of 2-year-old seedlings. Bacillus subtilis 50-1, a microbial antagonist against the pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum, was isolated through a dual culture technique. These bacteria acted with a biocontrol efficacy of 67.8%. The ginseng death rate and Fusarium abundance decreased by 63.3% and 46.1%, respectively, after inoculation with B. subtilis 50-1. Data revealed that microecological degradation could result from ginseng-driven changes in rhizospheric microbial communities;these changes are associated with the different ages and developmental stages of ginseng plants. Biocontrol using microbial antagonists alleviated the replanting problem.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81603238)
文摘Panax notoginseng is famous for its important therapeutic effects. Saponins are bioactive compounds found in different parts and developmental stages of P. notoginseng plants. Thus, it is urgently to study saponins distribution in different parts and growth ages of P. notoginseng plants. In this study,potential biomarkers were found, and their chemical characteristic differences were revealed through metabolomic analysis. High-performance liquid chromatography data indicated the higher content of saponins(i.e., Rg1, Re, Rd, and Rb1) in the underground parts than that in the aerial parts. 20(S)-Protopanaxadiol saponins were mainly distributed in the aerial parts. Additionally, the total saponin content in the 3-year-old P. notoginseng plant(188.0 mg/g) was 1.4-fold higher than that in 2-year-old plant(130.5 mg/g). The transcriptomic analysis indicated the tissue-specific transcription expression of genes, namely, PnFPS, PnSS, PnSE1, PnSE2, and PnDS, which encoded critical synthases in saponin biosyntheses. These genes showed similar expression patterns among the parts of P. notoginseng plants.The expression levels of these genes in the flowers and leaves were 5.2 fold higher than that in the roots and fibrils. These results suggested that saponins might be actively synthesized in the aerial parts and transformed to the underground parts. This study provides insights into the chemical and genetic characteristics of P. notoginseng to facilitate the synthesis of its secondary metabolites and a scientific basis for appropriate collection and rational use of this plant.
