Waterlogging is one of the major abiotic stresses threatening crop yields globally.Under waterlogging stress,plants suffer from oxidative stress,heavy metal toxicity and energy deficiency,leading to metabolic disorder...Waterlogging is one of the major abiotic stresses threatening crop yields globally.Under waterlogging stress,plants suffer from oxidative stress,heavy metal toxicity and energy deficiency,leading to metabolic disorders and growth inhibition.On the other hand,plants have evolved waterlogging-tolerance or adaptive mechanisms,including morphological changes,alternation of respiratory pathways,antioxidant protection and endogenous hormonal regulation.In this review,recent advances in studies on the effects of waterlogging stress and the mechanisms of waterlogging tolerance in plants are presented,and the genetic differences in waterlogging tolerance among plant species or genotypes within a species are illustrated.We also summarize the identified QTLs and key genes associated with waterlogging tolerance.展开更多
Objectives:Premature yeast flocculation(PYF)poses a significant threat to beer quality and economic efficiency in the brewing industry.While previous research has focused primarily on genomic and proteomic aspects,the...Objectives:Premature yeast flocculation(PYF)poses a significant threat to beer quality and economic efficiency in the brewing industry.While previous research has focused primarily on genomic and proteomic aspects,the metabolic mechanisms underlying PYF remain poorly understood.This study aimed to elucidate the metabolic differences associated with varying degrees of PYF through a metabolomics-based approach.Materials and Methods:Metabolomic profiling was conducted on unfermented wort(WORT)and samples obtained from the 3-d European Brewery Convention(EBC)fermentation test,which exhibited different PYF severities.Differential metabolites were identified and compared between groups.Correlation analysis was performed to assess the association between metabolite levels and fermentation duration.Additionally,reverse addition experiments were conducted to evaluate the role of specific metabolites in promoting PYF.Results:A total of 46 differential metabolites,including arginine,daidzein,and galangin,were identified in the EBC group,whereas 30 differential metabolites such as daidzein,galangin,and tenuazonic acid were found in the WORT group,with 13 metabolites shared between both groups.In the PYF36 group,correlation analysis revealed that galangin and daidzein levels were positively associated with fermentation duration.Reverse addition experiments demonstrated that galangin significantly promoted PYF,as indicated by increased wort clarity,identifying it as a positive regulatory factor.Conclusions:This study provides the first comprehensive insight into the metabolic alterations associated with PYF.The identification of galangin as a key promoter of PYF offers a novel target for controlling this phenomenon,potentially enhancing beer production efficiency and quality in the brewing industry.展开更多
Dear Editor,The rapid development of barley genomics research in recent years has greatly enhanced our understanding of the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying the complex characters(Jiang et al.,2025).However,...Dear Editor,The rapid development of barley genomics research in recent years has greatly enhanced our understanding of the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying the complex characters(Jiang et al.,2025).However,a huge challenge has also been posed for researchers to deal with the dramatically increasing amount of multi-omics data.展开更多
Barley is the fourth largest cereal crop in the world.It is mainly used for feeding,beer production and food.Barley is receiving more attention from both agricultural and food scientists because of its special chemica...Barley is the fourth largest cereal crop in the world.It is mainly used for feeding,beer production and food.Barley is receiving more attention from both agricultural and food scientists because of its special chemical composition and health benefits.In comparison with other cereal crops,including wheat,rice and maize,barley grains are rich in dietary fiber(such asβ-glucan)and tocols,which are beneficial to human health.It is well proved that diets rich in those chemicals can provide protection against hypertension,cardiovascular disease,and diabetes.Barley has been widely recognized to have great potential as a healthy or functional food.In this review,we present information about studies on the phys-ical structure of the barley grain and the distribution of its main chemical components,nutrient and functional composition of barley grain and their health benefits,and the approaches of improving and utilizing the nutrient and functional chemicals in barley grain.With the development of processing technologies,functional components in barley grains,especiallyβ-glucan,can be efficiently extracted and concentrated.Moreover,nutrient and functional components in barley grains can be efficiently improved by precise breeding and agronomic approaches.The review high-lights the great potential of barley used as healthy and functional foods,and may be instructive for better utilization of barley in food processing.展开更多
The tribe Triticeae provides important staple cereal crops and contains elite wild species with wide geneticdiversity and high tolerance to abiotic stresses. Sea barleygrass (Hordeum marinum Huds.), a wildTriticeae sp...The tribe Triticeae provides important staple cereal crops and contains elite wild species with wide geneticdiversity and high tolerance to abiotic stresses. Sea barleygrass (Hordeum marinum Huds.), a wildTriticeae species, thrives in saline marshlands and is well known for its high tolerance to salinity and waterlogging. Here, a 3.82-Gb high-quality reference genome of sea barleygrass is assembled de novo, with 3.69Gb (96.8%) of its sequences anchored onto seven chromosomes. In total, 41 045 high-confidence (HC)genes are annotated by homology, de novo prediction, and transcriptome analysis. Phylogenetics, nonsynonymous/synonymous mutation ratios (Ka/Ks), and transcriptomic and functional analyses provide genetic evidence for the divergence in morphology and salt tolerance among sea barleygrass, barley, andwheat. The large variation in post-domestication genes (e.g. IPA1 and MOC1) may cause interspecies differences in plant morphology. The extremely high salt tolerance of sea barleygrass is mainly attributed tolow Na+ uptake and root-to-shoot translocation, which are mainly controlled by SOS1, HKT, and NHX transporters. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing systems weredeveloped for sea barleygrass to promote its utilization for exploration and functional studies of hubgenes and for the genetic improvement of cereal crops.展开更多
基金supported by the Key Research Projects of Zhejiang Province,China(2021C02064-3 and 2021C02057)the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-05)the Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production,China(JCIC-MCP).
文摘Waterlogging is one of the major abiotic stresses threatening crop yields globally.Under waterlogging stress,plants suffer from oxidative stress,heavy metal toxicity and energy deficiency,leading to metabolic disorders and growth inhibition.On the other hand,plants have evolved waterlogging-tolerance or adaptive mechanisms,including morphological changes,alternation of respiratory pathways,antioxidant protection and endogenous hormonal regulation.In this review,recent advances in studies on the effects of waterlogging stress and the mechanisms of waterlogging tolerance in plants are presented,and the genetic differences in waterlogging tolerance among plant species or genotypes within a species are illustrated.We also summarize the identified QTLs and key genes associated with waterlogging tolerance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32171917)the Open Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Biological Fermentation Engineering of Beer(No.K202104)the Key Research of Zhejiang Province of China(No.2021C02064-3)。
文摘Objectives:Premature yeast flocculation(PYF)poses a significant threat to beer quality and economic efficiency in the brewing industry.While previous research has focused primarily on genomic and proteomic aspects,the metabolic mechanisms underlying PYF remain poorly understood.This study aimed to elucidate the metabolic differences associated with varying degrees of PYF through a metabolomics-based approach.Materials and Methods:Metabolomic profiling was conducted on unfermented wort(WORT)and samples obtained from the 3-d European Brewery Convention(EBC)fermentation test,which exhibited different PYF severities.Differential metabolites were identified and compared between groups.Correlation analysis was performed to assess the association between metabolite levels and fermentation duration.Additionally,reverse addition experiments were conducted to evaluate the role of specific metabolites in promoting PYF.Results:A total of 46 differential metabolites,including arginine,daidzein,and galangin,were identified in the EBC group,whereas 30 differential metabolites such as daidzein,galangin,and tenuazonic acid were found in the WORT group,with 13 metabolites shared between both groups.In the PYF36 group,correlation analysis revealed that galangin and daidzein levels were positively associated with fermentation duration.Reverse addition experiments demonstrated that galangin significantly promoted PYF,as indicated by increased wort clarity,identifying it as a positive regulatory factor.Conclusions:This study provides the first comprehensive insight into the metabolic alterations associated with PYF.The identification of galangin as a key promoter of PYF offers a novel target for controlling this phenomenon,potentially enhancing beer production efficiency and quality in the brewing industry.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32171917)the Zhejiang Science and Technology Major Program on Agricultural New Variety Breeding(2021C02064-3)+1 种基金the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(KQTD20230301092839007)the China Agricultural Research System(CARS-05).
文摘Dear Editor,The rapid development of barley genomics research in recent years has greatly enhanced our understanding of the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying the complex characters(Jiang et al.,2025).However,a huge challenge has also been posed for researchers to deal with the dramatically increasing amount of multi-omics data.
基金the Science and Technology Program of Zhejiang Province of China(LGN20C130007,2021 C02064-3,2020C02002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32171917)the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-05).
文摘Barley is the fourth largest cereal crop in the world.It is mainly used for feeding,beer production and food.Barley is receiving more attention from both agricultural and food scientists because of its special chemical composition and health benefits.In comparison with other cereal crops,including wheat,rice and maize,barley grains are rich in dietary fiber(such asβ-glucan)and tocols,which are beneficial to human health.It is well proved that diets rich in those chemicals can provide protection against hypertension,cardiovascular disease,and diabetes.Barley has been widely recognized to have great potential as a healthy or functional food.In this review,we present information about studies on the phys-ical structure of the barley grain and the distribution of its main chemical components,nutrient and functional composition of barley grain and their health benefits,and the approaches of improving and utilizing the nutrient and functional chemicals in barley grain.With the development of processing technologies,functional components in barley grains,especiallyβ-glucan,can be efficiently extracted and concentrated.Moreover,nutrient and functional components in barley grains can be efficiently improved by precise breeding and agronomic approaches.The review high-lights the great potential of barley used as healthy and functional foods,and may be instructive for better utilization of barley in food processing.
基金This research was supported by The National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD1000704)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071934)+1 种基金the key research project of Zhejiang(2020C02002,2021C02064-3)the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA,and the Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production.
文摘The tribe Triticeae provides important staple cereal crops and contains elite wild species with wide geneticdiversity and high tolerance to abiotic stresses. Sea barleygrass (Hordeum marinum Huds.), a wildTriticeae species, thrives in saline marshlands and is well known for its high tolerance to salinity and waterlogging. Here, a 3.82-Gb high-quality reference genome of sea barleygrass is assembled de novo, with 3.69Gb (96.8%) of its sequences anchored onto seven chromosomes. In total, 41 045 high-confidence (HC)genes are annotated by homology, de novo prediction, and transcriptome analysis. Phylogenetics, nonsynonymous/synonymous mutation ratios (Ka/Ks), and transcriptomic and functional analyses provide genetic evidence for the divergence in morphology and salt tolerance among sea barleygrass, barley, andwheat. The large variation in post-domestication genes (e.g. IPA1 and MOC1) may cause interspecies differences in plant morphology. The extremely high salt tolerance of sea barleygrass is mainly attributed tolow Na+ uptake and root-to-shoot translocation, which are mainly controlled by SOS1, HKT, and NHX transporters. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing systems weredeveloped for sea barleygrass to promote its utilization for exploration and functional studies of hubgenes and for the genetic improvement of cereal crops.
