High-capacity Ni-rich layered cathodes LiNi_(x)CoyMn_(1-x-y)O_(2)(NCM)have been widely recognized as highly promising candidates for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).However,NCM cathodes are suffered from sluggish Li-ion k...High-capacity Ni-rich layered cathodes LiNi_(x)CoyMn_(1-x-y)O_(2)(NCM)have been widely recognized as highly promising candidates for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).However,NCM cathodes are suffered from sluggish Li-ion kinetics and fast capacity decay.Herein,the Nb/Ti co-doping strategy has been proposed by formation energy analysis to enhance the mechanical and chemical integrities of NCM cathode.Nb/Ti co-doping facilitates Li-ion transport of NCM cathode for boosting the rate ability.Furthermore,the structure stability is prominently improved for the stronger Nb–O and Ti–O bonds,resulting from the suppressed sharp contraction of c axis,inhibited microcracks formation,and alleviated electrolyte corrosion.Inspired by the synergistic effect of Nb/Ti co-doping,the modified NCM exhibits superior comprehensive electrochemical performances.The Nb/Ti co-doping NCM exhibits an increased discharge capacity of 144.3 m Ah/g at10 C and an outstanding capacity retention remained 92.7%after 300 cycles at 1 C.This work offers a promising approach to developing high-performance cathode materials.展开更多
LiNiO_(2)(LNO)is one of the most promising cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries.Tungsten element in enhancing the stability of LNO has been researched extensively.However,the understanding of the specific dopin...LiNiO_(2)(LNO)is one of the most promising cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries.Tungsten element in enhancing the stability of LNO has been researched extensively.However,the understanding of the specific doping process and existing form of W are still not perfect.This study proposes a lithium-induced grain boundary phase W doping mechanism.The results demonstrate that the introduced W atomsfirst react with the lithium source to generate a Li–W–O phase at the grain boundary of primary particles.With the increase of lithium ratio,W atoms gradually diffuse from the grain boundary phase to the interior layered structure to achieve W doping.The feasibility of grain boundary phase doping is verified byfirst principles calculation.Furthermore,it is found that the Li2WO4 grain boundary phase is an excellent lithium ion conductor,which can protect the cathode surface and improve the rate performance.The doped W can alleviate the harmful H2↔H3 phase transition,thereby inhibiting the generation of microcracks,and improving the electrochemical performance.Consequently,the 0.3 wt%W-doped sample provides a significant improved capacity retention of 88.5%compared with the pristine LNO(80.7%)after 100 cycles at 2.8–4.3 V under 1C.展开更多
Introducing high-valence Ta element is an essential strategy for addressing the structu ral deterioration of the Ni-rich LiNi_(1-x-y)Co_(x)Mn_(y)O_(2)(NCM)cathode,but the enlarged Li/Ni cation mixing leads to the infe...Introducing high-valence Ta element is an essential strategy for addressing the structu ral deterioration of the Ni-rich LiNi_(1-x-y)Co_(x)Mn_(y)O_(2)(NCM)cathode,but the enlarged Li/Ni cation mixing leads to the inferior rate capability originating from the hindered Li~+migration.Note that the non-magnetic Ti~(4+)ion can suppress Li/Ni disorder by removing the magnetic frustration in the transition metal layer.However,it is still challenging to directionally design expected Ta/Ti dual-modification,resulting from the complexity of the elemental distribution and the uncertainty of in-situ formed coating compounds by introducing foreign elements.Herein,a LiTaO_3 grain boundary(GB)coating and bulk Ti-doping have been successfully achieved in LiNi_(0.834)Co_(0.11)Mn_(0.056)O_(2) cathode by thermodynamic guidance,in which the structural formation energy and interfacial binding energy are employed to predict the elemental diffusion discrepancy and thermodynamically stable coating compounds.Thanks to the coupling effect of strengthened structural/interfacial stability and improved Li~+diffusion kinetics by simultaneous bulk/GB engineering,the Ta/Ti-NCM cathode exhibits outstanding capacity retention,reaching 91.1%after 400 cycles at 1 C.This elaborate work contributes valuable insights into rational dual-modification engineering from a thermodynamic perspective for maximizing the electrochemical performances of NCM cathodes.展开更多
This study investigated the validity and sensitivity of a custom-made shoelace tensile testing system.The aim was to analyze the distribution pattern of shoelace tension in different positions and under different tigh...This study investigated the validity and sensitivity of a custom-made shoelace tensile testing system.The aim was to analyze the distribution pattern of shoelace tension in different positions and under different tightness levels during running.Mechanical tests were conducted using 16 weights,and various statistical analyses,including linear regression,Bland-Altman plots,coefficient of variation,and intraclass correlation coefficient,were performed to assess the system’s validity.Fifteen male amateur runners participated in the study,and three conditions(loose,comfortable,and tight)were measured during an upright stance.The system utilized VICON motion systems,a Kistler force plate,and a Photoelectric gate speed measurement system.Results showed a linear relationship between voltage and load at the three sensors(R2≥0.9997).Bland-Altman plots demonstrated 95%prediction intervals within±1.96SD from zero for all sensors.The average coefficient of variation for each sensor was less than 0.38%.Intraclass correlation coefficient values were larger than 0.999(p<0.0001)for each sensor.The peak tension of the front shoelace was greater than that of the front and middle when the shoelace was loose and tight.The rear shoelace had the highest tension force.The study also found that shoelace tension varied throughout the gait cycle during running.Overall,this research provides a novel and validated method for measuring shoelace tensile stress,which has implications for developing automatic shoelace fastening systems.展开更多
Ni-rich layered oxides are considered promising cathodes for advanced lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)in the future,owing to their high capacity and low cost.However,the issues on structural and interfacial stability of Ni...Ni-rich layered oxides are considered promising cathodes for advanced lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)in the future,owing to their high capacity and low cost.However,the issues on structural and interfacial stability of Ni-rich cathodes still pose substantial obstacles in the practical application of advanced LIBs.Here,we employ a one-step method to synthesize a B-doped and La_(4)NiLiO_(8)-coated LiNi_(0.82)5Co_(0.115)Mn_(0.06)O_(2)(BL-1)cathode with reliable structure and interface,for the first time.The La_(4)NiLiO_(8)coating layer can prevent cathodes from electrolyte assault and facilitate Li+diffusion kinetics.Moreover,B-doping can effectively restrain the pernicious H_(2)-H_(3) phase transition and adjust the orientation of primary particles to a radial alignment,which is obstructive to the arise of microcracks induced by the change of anisotropic volume.Specifically,when tested in pouch cells,the BL-1 cathode exhibits outstanding capacity retention of 93.49%after 500 cycles at 1 C.This dual-modification strategy dramatically enhances the stability of the structure and interface for Ni-rich cathode materials,consequently accelerating the commercialization process of high-energy–density LIBs.展开更多
Diagnosing Alzheimer’s disease(AD)in the early stage is challenging.Informative biomarkers can be of great value for population-based screening.Metabolomics studies have been used to find potential biomarkers,but com...Diagnosing Alzheimer’s disease(AD)in the early stage is challenging.Informative biomarkers can be of great value for population-based screening.Metabolomics studies have been used to find potential biomarkers,but commonly used tissue sources can be difficult to obtain.The objective of this study was to determine the potential utility of erythrocyte metabolite profiles in screening for AD.Unlike some commonly-used sources such as cerebrospinal fluid and brain tissue,erythrocytes are plentiful and easily accessed.Moreover,erythrocytes are metabolically active,a feature that distinguishes this sample source from other bodily fluids like plasma and urine.In this preliminary pilot study,the erythrocyte metabolomes of 10 histopathologically confirmed AD patients and 10 patients without AD(control(CTRL))were compared.Whole blood was collected post-mortem and erythrocytes were analyzed using ultraperformance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.Over 750 metabolites were identified in AD and CTRL erythrocytes.Seven were increased in AD while 24 were decreased(P<0.05).The majority of the metabolites increased in AD were associated with amino acid metabolism and all of the decreased metabolites were associated with lipid metabolism.Prominent among the potential biomarkers were 10 sphingolipid or sphingolipid-related species that were consistently decreased in AD patients.Sphingolipids have been previously implicated in AD and other neurological conditions.Furthermore,previous studies have shown that erythrocyte sphingolipid concentrations vary widely in normal,healthy adults.Together,these observations suggest that certain erythrocyte lipid phenotypes could be markers of risk for development of AD.展开更多
Efforts to control inflammation and achieve better tissue repair in the treatment of periodontitis have been ongoing for years.Humanβ-defensin 3,a broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptide has been proven to have a variet...Efforts to control inflammation and achieve better tissue repair in the treatment of periodontitis have been ongoing for years.Humanβ-defensin 3,a broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptide has been proven to have a variety of biological functions in periodontitis;however,relatively few reports have addressed the effects of human periodontal ligament cells(h PDLCs)on osteogenic differentiation.In this study,we evaluated the osteogenic effects of h PDLCs with an adenoviral vector encoding humanβ-defensin 3 in an inflammatory microenvironment.Then humanβ-defensin 3 gene-modified rat periodontal ligament cells were transplanted into rats with experimental periodontitis to observe their effects on periodontal bone repair.We found that the humanβ-defensin 3 gene-modified h PDLCs presented with high levels of osteogenesis-related gene expression and calcium deposition.Furthermore,the p38 MAPK pathway was activated in this process.In vivo,humanβ-defensin 3 gene-transfected rat PDLCs promoted bone repair in SD rats with periodontitis,and the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)pathway might also have been involved.These findings demonstrate that humanβ-defensin 3 accelerates osteogenesis and that humanβ-defensin 3 gene modification may offer a potential approach to promote bone repair in patients with periodontitis.展开更多
Introduction:Fluorescent probe-based recombinase aided amplification(RAA)offers the advantages of rapidity and simplicity but is limited by the requirement for complex and lengthy probe design,restricting its widespre...Introduction:Fluorescent probe-based recombinase aided amplification(RAA)offers the advantages of rapidity and simplicity but is limited by the requirement for complex and lengthy probe design,restricting its widespread application.Methods:A novel EvaGreen dye-based RAA(EvaGreen-RAA)assay utilizing self-avoiding molecular recognition system(SAMRS)primers was developed for the detection of Pseudomonas fluorescens(PF)and Bacillus cereus(BC)in milk.Conventional RAA was used as a reference method.Sensitivity was evaluated using nucleic acids from recombinant plasmids and simulated milk specimens.Additionally,a dual EvaGreen-RAA assay was investigated for simultaneous detection of mixed BC and PF in simulated milk specimens.Results:The EvaGreen-RAA demonstrated superior sensitivity compared to conventional RAA,with detection limits of 1 copy/μL versus 10 copies/μL for both BC and PF plasmids,respectively.In simulated milk specimens,EvaGreen-RAA detected BC and PF at concentrations of 100 CFU/mL and 200 CFU/mL,respectively,compared to 400 CFU/mL and 600 CFU/mL for conventional RAA.The dual EvaGreen-RAA assay successfully detected mixed BC and PF in simulated milk specimens at concentrations of 200 CFU/mL for each pathogen.Conclusion:The EvaGreen-RAA assay demonstrated significant advantages in terms of simplicity and enhanced sensitivity compared to fluorescent probe-based RAA,offering a novel approach for developing multiplex pathogen detection systems using melting curve analysis.展开更多
Nutrition and immunity are the hot topics in animal’s production, and the effects of methionine on the immunity are already confirmed as the deep research on the nutrition of amino acid and immune function. However, ...Nutrition and immunity are the hot topics in animal’s production, and the effects of methionine on the immunity are already confirmed as the deep research on the nutrition of amino acid and immune function. However, the relationship of the methionine and immunity has not been elucidated clearly, this review aims to clarify the effects of methionine on immune function in the aspects of growth and development immune organs, the histological structure of the immune organs, non-specific immunity, humoral immunity, cellular immunity and cytokines, and to provide foundations for further studies on the relationship between methionine and immune function.展开更多
Difluorocarbene has emerged as a valuable intermediate to synthesize fluorides.However,difluorocarbene-derived synthesis of^(19)F/^(18)F-trifluoromethyl triazoles has not been explored.Herein,we reported the Cu(I)-pro...Difluorocarbene has emerged as a valuable intermediate to synthesize fluorides.However,difluorocarbene-derived synthesis of^(19)F/^(18)F-trifluoromethyl triazoles has not been explored.Herein,we reported the Cu(I)-promoted difluorocarbene-derived^(19)F/^(18)F-trifluoromethylation of iodotriazoles using KF/K^(18)F as the fluorine source.This approach rapidly generated a wide range of 5-trifluoromethyl-1,2,3-triazoles in good yields showing high functional group compatibility.The reaction was effective for late-stage functionalization of bioactive molecules and^(18)F-trifluoromethylation of iodotriazoles.This work provides a practical synthetic methodology for the development of triazole drugs and^(18)F-radiotracers for positron emission tomography.展开更多
An increasing number of researches have been focused on the relationship between trace elements and animal health. Germanium, as a widely used trace element, exists ubiquitously as germanium or germanium compounds in ...An increasing number of researches have been focused on the relationship between trace elements and animal health. Germanium, as a widely used trace element, exists ubiquitously as germanium or germanium compounds in the living environment of human and animals, and plays important roles in animal production or health. With the intensive study of the physiological function of germanium and its compounds, the effects of germanium on animal physiological functions and health have been gradually confirmed. In this review, we discuss the metabolic distribution, physiological characteristics, biological functions, germanium deficiency and germanium toxicity. Furthermore, we focus on the effects of germanium or germanium compounds on the immunity of animals. It is concluded that germanium or germanium compounds not only has positive effect but also has negative effect on animals. This review aims to provide a reference for the future research or application of the germanium or germanium compounds on animals or human beings.展开更多
Background:Fluorescent recombinase-aided amplification(RAA)assays are increasingly being used in the detection of a variety of pathogens and have the advantages of rapidity and simplicity and similar sensitivity and s...Background:Fluorescent recombinase-aided amplification(RAA)assays are increasingly being used in the detection of a variety of pathogens and have the advantages of rapidity and simplicity and similar sensitivity and specificity,compared with real-time PCR(qPCR)assays,but they require a complex probe design.To eliminate the addition of fluorescent probes for RAA,an EvaGreen dye-based recombinase-aided amplification(EvaGreen-RAA)assay using self-avoiding molecular recognition system(SAMRS)primers was developed.Methods:The SAMRS primers effectively avoided the production of primer dimers,thus improving the detection sensitivity,while EvaGreen dye was used to quantitatively measure the amplified products in real time.Using Staphy-lococcus aureus(SA)and Listeria monocytogenes(LM)as examples,EvaGreen-RAA with SAMRS primers was developed.As a reference and comparison,a traditional fluorescence probe RAA method and a RAA with SAMRS primers(SAMRS-RAA)for detecting SA and LM were also investigated.Serial di-lutions of recombinant plasmids were used to evaluate the sensitivity of the assays.Unenriched and enriched simulated milk samples were used to eval-uate the limits of detection(LOD)of these methods.Using high-resolution melting(HRM)was used to explore the sensitivity of the dual EvaGreen-RAA assay.Results:The sensitivity of the fluorescent RAA method for detecting SA and LM was 10 copies/μL using plasmids and the sensitivity of the SAMRS-RAA and EvaGreen-RAA for detecting SA and LM plasmids was 1 copies/μL.The LOD values of the EvaGreen-RAA for SA and LM in unenriched simulated milk samples were 100 and 50 CFU/mL,respectively,and the LOD value for both SA and LM using enriched simulated milk samples was 10 CFU/mL.EvaGreen-RAA had linear amplification in real time in the range of 1-10^(5)copies/μL of the plasmids of SA and LM.The sensitivity of the dual EvaGreen-RAA assay for SA and LM was estimated to be 10^(2)CFU/mL.Conclusion:A real-time quantitative EvaGreen-RAA method for detecting SA and LM was developed,which eliminates the need to design complex RAA probes.This dye-based RAA with SARMS primers provides a new strategy for simplifying fluorescence probe RAA and allowing the detection of multiple pathogens,which has many potential applications.展开更多
The dendrite and corrosion issues still remain for zinc anodes.Interface modification of anodes has been widely used for stabilizing zinc anodes.However,it is still quite challenging for such modification to simultane...The dendrite and corrosion issues still remain for zinc anodes.Interface modification of anodes has been widely used for stabilizing zinc anodes.However,it is still quite challenging for such modification to simultaneously suppress zinc dendrites and corrosion issues.Herein,we propose a new strategy of buried interface engineering to effectively stabilize Zn anodes,in which a zincophilic Sn layer is buried by a corrosion-resistant ZnS layer(SZS).The buried Sn layer has a strong adsorption energy towards Zn atoms,which accelerates the nucleation of Zn atoms and induces smooth deposition.Meanwhile,the outer ZnS layer protects the newly deposited zinc layer from the corrosion by the electrolyte.As a result,the SZS@Zn symmetric cell demonstrates stable cycling for over 280 h compared to Bare Zn(41 h)at a high current of 10 mA cm^(-2)and a high areal capacity of 10 mAh cm^(-2).Besides,SZS@Zn//MnO2 full cells also achieve enhanced long-term cycling stability of 63.6%for 1000 cycles at a high rate of 10 C,compared to Bare Zn(47.2%).This work provides a new strategy of buried interface for the rational design of highly stable metal anodes for other metal batteries.展开更多
More modifiable sites on the nucleoside motif may need to be explored for developing novel(p)ppGpp molecular tools.Herein,we report for the first time that the C7-substituted deazapurine nucleoside triphosphates beari...More modifiable sites on the nucleoside motif may need to be explored for developing novel(p)ppGpp molecular tools.Herein,we report for the first time that the C7-substituted deazapurine nucleoside triphosphates bearing small modifications as substrates could be effectively accepted by RelSeqNTD protein to react with ATP to give pppGpp derivatives with 65%—89%yields.Further structural derivatization via metal-coupling reaction was performed to produce C7-substituted GTP derivatives with larger bulkiness,and those GTP derivatives were also proven to be good substrates of RelSeqNTD protein.Alkynyl modified pppGpp could be coupled with probes by click reactions as the potential molecular tools for fishing proteins in biological research.We further explored whether the C7-alkynyl-pppGpp(pppGEpp)could be recognized by pppGpp interaction proteins.A micromolar level binding affinity(with a KD value of less than 10μM)between pppGpp(pppGEpp)and its binding proteins was obtained from the Isothermal Titration Curve(ITC).All those illustrate that these easily accessible functionalized C7-substituted pppGpp derivatives were suitable tools for further exploring the molecular interaction between pppGpp and its binding proteins.展开更多
The residual Li and Li^(+)/Ni_(2)+cation mixing play essential roles in the electrochemical properties of Ni-rich cathodes.However,a general relationship between the residual Li conversion,cation mixing,and their effe...The residual Li and Li^(+)/Ni_(2)+cation mixing play essential roles in the electrochemical properties of Ni-rich cathodes.However,a general relationship between the residual Li conversion,cation mixing,and their effects on the Li^(+)kinetics and structural stability has yet to be established,due to the presence of cobalt in the cathode.Here,we explore the synergistic impact of the residual Li conversion and cation ordering on a Co-free Ni-rich cathode(i.e.,LiNi0.95Mn0.05O_(2)).It discloses that the rate capability is mainly affected by residual Li contents and operating voltage.Specifically,residual Li can be electrochemically converted to cathode electrolyte interphase(CEI)below 4.3 V,thus inducing high interphase resistance,and decomposes to produce CO_(2)-dominated gas at 4.5 V,causing temporary enhancement of Li^(+)diffusivity but severe surface degradation during cycling.Moreover,the cycling performance of Co-free Ni-rich cathode is not only determined by Li^(+)/Ni_(2)+cation-ordered superlattice,which enhances the structural stability as it functions as the pillar to impede lattice collapse at a highly charged state,but also by the robust CEI layers which protect the bulk from electrolyte attack under 4.3 V.These findings promote an in-depth understanding of residual Li conversion and Li^(+)/Ni_(2)+cation ordering on Co-free Ni-rich cathode.展开更多
The scientific community has shown great interest in the field of mass spectrometry-based proteomics and peptidomics for its applications in biology. Proteomics technologies have evolved to produce large data sets of ...The scientific community has shown great interest in the field of mass spectrometry-based proteomics and peptidomics for its applications in biology. Proteomics technologies have evolved to produce large data sets of proteins or peptides involved in various biologic and disease progression processes generating testable hypothesis for complex biologic questions. This review provides an introduction to relevant topics in proteomics and peptidomics including biologic material selection, sample preparation, separation techniques, peptide fragmentation, post-translational modifications, quantification, bioinformatics, and biomarker discovery and validation. In addition, current literature, remaining challenges, and emerging technologies for proteomics and peptidomics are presented.展开更多
Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is the leading cause of dementia in the aging population,but despite extensive research,there is no consensus on the biological cause of AD.While AD research is dominated by protein/peptide-cen...Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is the leading cause of dementia in the aging population,but despite extensive research,there is no consensus on the biological cause of AD.While AD research is dominated by protein/peptide-centric research based on the amyloid hypothesis,a theory that designates dysfunction in beta-amyloid production,accumulation,or disposal as the primary cause of AD,many studies focus on metabolomics as a means of understanding the biological processes behind AD progression.In this review,we discuss mass spectrometry(MS)-based AD metabolomics studies,including sample type and preparation,mass spectrometry data acquisition strategies,and data analysis,as well as biological insights gleaned from these studies,with the hope of informing future AD metabolomic studies.展开更多
Human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiac patches have been extensively used for treating myocardialinfarction and have shown potential for clinical application. However, the limited patch thickness ...Human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiac patches have been extensively used for treating myocardialinfarction and have shown potential for clinical application. However, the limited patch thickness can hamper its therapeuticeffect. We previously developed a fibrous scaffold that allowed the formation of well-organized cardiac tissue constructs. Inthe present study, based on the above technology, we developed a three-dimensional multilayer fibrous scaffold with dynamicperfusion, on which approximately 20 million hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs) could be seeded in a single step andorganized into 1 mm thick and viable tissue. The multilayer cardiac tissue demonstrated enhanced contractile properties andupregulated cytokine secretion compared with the control group. Notably, when used on the myocardial infarction model,the multilayer group showed improved functional recovery and less fibrosis. These results indicated that the appropriatehiPSC-CM dose requires careful evaluation in developing clinical therapy. The multilayer cardiac tissue group demonstratedsignificant improvement than the control group, indicating that higher doses of transplanted cells may have improvedtherapeutic effects in treating myocardial infarction.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52374299,52304320 and 52204306)Outstanding Youth Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2023JJ10044)+1 种基金Key Project of Hunan Provincial Department of Education(No.22A0211)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2023JJ40014)。
文摘High-capacity Ni-rich layered cathodes LiNi_(x)CoyMn_(1-x-y)O_(2)(NCM)have been widely recognized as highly promising candidates for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).However,NCM cathodes are suffered from sluggish Li-ion kinetics and fast capacity decay.Herein,the Nb/Ti co-doping strategy has been proposed by formation energy analysis to enhance the mechanical and chemical integrities of NCM cathode.Nb/Ti co-doping facilitates Li-ion transport of NCM cathode for boosting the rate ability.Furthermore,the structure stability is prominently improved for the stronger Nb–O and Ti–O bonds,resulting from the suppressed sharp contraction of c axis,inhibited microcracks formation,and alleviated electrolyte corrosion.Inspired by the synergistic effect of Nb/Ti co-doping,the modified NCM exhibits superior comprehensive electrochemical performances.The Nb/Ti co-doping NCM exhibits an increased discharge capacity of 144.3 m Ah/g at10 C and an outstanding capacity retention remained 92.7%after 300 cycles at 1 C.This work offers a promising approach to developing high-performance cathode materials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52122407,No.52174285,52404317)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(No.2022RC3048).
文摘LiNiO_(2)(LNO)is one of the most promising cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries.Tungsten element in enhancing the stability of LNO has been researched extensively.However,the understanding of the specific doping process and existing form of W are still not perfect.This study proposes a lithium-induced grain boundary phase W doping mechanism.The results demonstrate that the introduced W atomsfirst react with the lithium source to generate a Li–W–O phase at the grain boundary of primary particles.With the increase of lithium ratio,W atoms gradually diffuse from the grain boundary phase to the interior layered structure to achieve W doping.The feasibility of grain boundary phase doping is verified byfirst principles calculation.Furthermore,it is found that the Li2WO4 grain boundary phase is an excellent lithium ion conductor,which can protect the cathode surface and improve the rate performance.The doped W can alleviate the harmful H2↔H3 phase transition,thereby inhibiting the generation of microcracks,and improving the electrochemical performance.Consequently,the 0.3 wt%W-doped sample provides a significant improved capacity retention of 88.5%compared with the pristine LNO(80.7%)after 100 cycles at 2.8–4.3 V under 1C.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52374299,52304320 and 52204306)the Outstanding Youth Foundation of Hunan Province (2023JJ10044)+1 种基金the Key Project of Hunan Provincial Department of Education (22A0211)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (2023JJ40014)。
文摘Introducing high-valence Ta element is an essential strategy for addressing the structu ral deterioration of the Ni-rich LiNi_(1-x-y)Co_(x)Mn_(y)O_(2)(NCM)cathode,but the enlarged Li/Ni cation mixing leads to the inferior rate capability originating from the hindered Li~+migration.Note that the non-magnetic Ti~(4+)ion can suppress Li/Ni disorder by removing the magnetic frustration in the transition metal layer.However,it is still challenging to directionally design expected Ta/Ti dual-modification,resulting from the complexity of the elemental distribution and the uncertainty of in-situ formed coating compounds by introducing foreign elements.Herein,a LiTaO_3 grain boundary(GB)coating and bulk Ti-doping have been successfully achieved in LiNi_(0.834)Co_(0.11)Mn_(0.056)O_(2) cathode by thermodynamic guidance,in which the structural formation energy and interfacial binding energy are employed to predict the elemental diffusion discrepancy and thermodynamically stable coating compounds.Thanks to the coupling effect of strengthened structural/interfacial stability and improved Li~+diffusion kinetics by simultaneous bulk/GB engineering,the Ta/Ti-NCM cathode exhibits outstanding capacity retention,reaching 91.1%after 400 cycles at 1 C.This elaborate work contributes valuable insights into rational dual-modification engineering from a thermodynamic perspective for maximizing the electrochemical performances of NCM cathodes.
文摘This study investigated the validity and sensitivity of a custom-made shoelace tensile testing system.The aim was to analyze the distribution pattern of shoelace tension in different positions and under different tightness levels during running.Mechanical tests were conducted using 16 weights,and various statistical analyses,including linear regression,Bland-Altman plots,coefficient of variation,and intraclass correlation coefficient,were performed to assess the system’s validity.Fifteen male amateur runners participated in the study,and three conditions(loose,comfortable,and tight)were measured during an upright stance.The system utilized VICON motion systems,a Kistler force plate,and a Photoelectric gate speed measurement system.Results showed a linear relationship between voltage and load at the three sensors(R2≥0.9997).Bland-Altman plots demonstrated 95%prediction intervals within±1.96SD from zero for all sensors.The average coefficient of variation for each sensor was less than 0.38%.Intraclass correlation coefficient values were larger than 0.999(p<0.0001)for each sensor.The peak tension of the front shoelace was greater than that of the front and middle when the shoelace was loose and tight.The rear shoelace had the highest tension force.The study also found that shoelace tension varied throughout the gait cycle during running.Overall,this research provides a novel and validated method for measuring shoelace tensile stress,which has implications for developing automatic shoelace fastening systems.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51774051,52072323,52122211)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Hunan Province(2019RS2034)+1 种基金the Hunan High-tech Industry Science and Technology Innovation Leading Plan(2020GK2072)the Changsha City Fund for Distinguished and Innovative Young Scholars(KQ1707014)。
文摘Ni-rich layered oxides are considered promising cathodes for advanced lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)in the future,owing to their high capacity and low cost.However,the issues on structural and interfacial stability of Ni-rich cathodes still pose substantial obstacles in the practical application of advanced LIBs.Here,we employ a one-step method to synthesize a B-doped and La_(4)NiLiO_(8)-coated LiNi_(0.82)5Co_(0.115)Mn_(0.06)O_(2)(BL-1)cathode with reliable structure and interface,for the first time.The La_(4)NiLiO_(8)coating layer can prevent cathodes from electrolyte assault and facilitate Li+diffusion kinetics.Moreover,B-doping can effectively restrain the pernicious H_(2)-H_(3) phase transition and adjust the orientation of primary particles to a radial alignment,which is obstructive to the arise of microcracks induced by the change of anisotropic volume.Specifically,when tested in pouch cells,the BL-1 cathode exhibits outstanding capacity retention of 93.49%after 500 cycles at 1 C.This dual-modification strategy dramatically enhances the stability of the structure and interface for Ni-rich cathode materials,consequently accelerating the commercialization process of high-energy–density LIBs.
基金supported in part by the National Institutes of Health(NIH)(Grant No.:RF1AG052324)a predoctoral traineeship supported by the NIH T32 training grant on Biology of Aging and Age-related Diseases(Grant No.:T32AG000213)+1 种基金funding provided by the Wisconsin Alumni Research FoundationSchool of Pharmacy,University of Wisconsin-Madison
文摘Diagnosing Alzheimer’s disease(AD)in the early stage is challenging.Informative biomarkers can be of great value for population-based screening.Metabolomics studies have been used to find potential biomarkers,but commonly used tissue sources can be difficult to obtain.The objective of this study was to determine the potential utility of erythrocyte metabolite profiles in screening for AD.Unlike some commonly-used sources such as cerebrospinal fluid and brain tissue,erythrocytes are plentiful and easily accessed.Moreover,erythrocytes are metabolically active,a feature that distinguishes this sample source from other bodily fluids like plasma and urine.In this preliminary pilot study,the erythrocyte metabolomes of 10 histopathologically confirmed AD patients and 10 patients without AD(control(CTRL))were compared.Whole blood was collected post-mortem and erythrocytes were analyzed using ultraperformance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.Over 750 metabolites were identified in AD and CTRL erythrocytes.Seven were increased in AD while 24 were decreased(P<0.05).The majority of the metabolites increased in AD were associated with amino acid metabolism and all of the decreased metabolites were associated with lipid metabolism.Prominent among the potential biomarkers were 10 sphingolipid or sphingolipid-related species that were consistently decreased in AD patients.Sphingolipids have been previously implicated in AD and other neurological conditions.Furthermore,previous studies have shown that erythrocyte sphingolipid concentrations vary widely in normal,healthy adults.Together,these observations suggest that certain erythrocyte lipid phenotypes could be markers of risk for development of AD.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation Project(No.81771078 and No.81570982)Jiangsu Provincial Medical Innovation Team(No.CXTDB2017014)the Nanjing Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases(No.2019060009)。
文摘Efforts to control inflammation and achieve better tissue repair in the treatment of periodontitis have been ongoing for years.Humanβ-defensin 3,a broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptide has been proven to have a variety of biological functions in periodontitis;however,relatively few reports have addressed the effects of human periodontal ligament cells(h PDLCs)on osteogenic differentiation.In this study,we evaluated the osteogenic effects of h PDLCs with an adenoviral vector encoding humanβ-defensin 3 in an inflammatory microenvironment.Then humanβ-defensin 3 gene-modified rat periodontal ligament cells were transplanted into rats with experimental periodontitis to observe their effects on periodontal bone repair.We found that the humanβ-defensin 3 gene-modified h PDLCs presented with high levels of osteogenesis-related gene expression and calcium deposition.Furthermore,the p38 MAPK pathway was activated in this process.In vivo,humanβ-defensin 3 gene-transfected rat PDLCs promoted bone repair in SD rats with periodontitis,and the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)pathway might also have been involved.These findings demonstrate that humanβ-defensin 3 accelerates osteogenesis and that humanβ-defensin 3 gene modification may offer a potential approach to promote bone repair in patients with periodontitis.
基金Supported by Shandong Province Key Research and Development Plan(Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project,2023CXGC010711)the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFC2301102)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82202593,U23A20106).
文摘Introduction:Fluorescent probe-based recombinase aided amplification(RAA)offers the advantages of rapidity and simplicity but is limited by the requirement for complex and lengthy probe design,restricting its widespread application.Methods:A novel EvaGreen dye-based RAA(EvaGreen-RAA)assay utilizing self-avoiding molecular recognition system(SAMRS)primers was developed for the detection of Pseudomonas fluorescens(PF)and Bacillus cereus(BC)in milk.Conventional RAA was used as a reference method.Sensitivity was evaluated using nucleic acids from recombinant plasmids and simulated milk specimens.Additionally,a dual EvaGreen-RAA assay was investigated for simultaneous detection of mixed BC and PF in simulated milk specimens.Results:The EvaGreen-RAA demonstrated superior sensitivity compared to conventional RAA,with detection limits of 1 copy/μL versus 10 copies/μL for both BC and PF plasmids,respectively.In simulated milk specimens,EvaGreen-RAA detected BC and PF at concentrations of 100 CFU/mL and 200 CFU/mL,respectively,compared to 400 CFU/mL and 600 CFU/mL for conventional RAA.The dual EvaGreen-RAA assay successfully detected mixed BC and PF in simulated milk specimens at concentrations of 200 CFU/mL for each pathogen.Conclusion:The EvaGreen-RAA assay demonstrated significant advantages in terms of simplicity and enhanced sensitivity compared to fluorescent probe-based RAA,offering a novel approach for developing multiplex pathogen detection systems using melting curve analysis.
文摘Nutrition and immunity are the hot topics in animal’s production, and the effects of methionine on the immunity are already confirmed as the deep research on the nutrition of amino acid and immune function. However, the relationship of the methionine and immunity has not been elucidated clearly, this review aims to clarify the effects of methionine on immune function in the aspects of growth and development immune organs, the histological structure of the immune organs, non-specific immunity, humoral immunity, cellular immunity and cytokines, and to provide foundations for further studies on the relationship between methionine and immune function.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21977075,22271200,21801178,21907070,81971653)1.3.5 Project for Disciplines of Excellence,West China Hospital,Sichuan University,Central Plains Science and Technology Innovation Leader Project(No.214200510008 to L.Li)Scientific and Technological Innovation Team of Colleges and Universities in Henan Province(No.21IRTSTHN001)。
文摘Difluorocarbene has emerged as a valuable intermediate to synthesize fluorides.However,difluorocarbene-derived synthesis of^(19)F/^(18)F-trifluoromethyl triazoles has not been explored.Herein,we reported the Cu(I)-promoted difluorocarbene-derived^(19)F/^(18)F-trifluoromethylation of iodotriazoles using KF/K^(18)F as the fluorine source.This approach rapidly generated a wide range of 5-trifluoromethyl-1,2,3-triazoles in good yields showing high functional group compatibility.The reaction was effective for late-stage functionalization of bioactive molecules and^(18)F-trifluoromethylation of iodotriazoles.This work provides a practical synthetic methodology for the development of triazole drugs and^(18)F-radiotracers for positron emission tomography.
文摘An increasing number of researches have been focused on the relationship between trace elements and animal health. Germanium, as a widely used trace element, exists ubiquitously as germanium or germanium compounds in the living environment of human and animals, and plays important roles in animal production or health. With the intensive study of the physiological function of germanium and its compounds, the effects of germanium on animal physiological functions and health have been gradually confirmed. In this review, we discuss the metabolic distribution, physiological characteristics, biological functions, germanium deficiency and germanium toxicity. Furthermore, we focus on the effects of germanium or germanium compounds on the immunity of animals. It is concluded that germanium or germanium compounds not only has positive effect but also has negative effect on animals. This review aims to provide a reference for the future research or application of the germanium or germanium compounds on animals or human beings.
基金National Key R&D Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2021YFC2301102National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:82202593,U23A20106。
文摘Background:Fluorescent recombinase-aided amplification(RAA)assays are increasingly being used in the detection of a variety of pathogens and have the advantages of rapidity and simplicity and similar sensitivity and specificity,compared with real-time PCR(qPCR)assays,but they require a complex probe design.To eliminate the addition of fluorescent probes for RAA,an EvaGreen dye-based recombinase-aided amplification(EvaGreen-RAA)assay using self-avoiding molecular recognition system(SAMRS)primers was developed.Methods:The SAMRS primers effectively avoided the production of primer dimers,thus improving the detection sensitivity,while EvaGreen dye was used to quantitatively measure the amplified products in real time.Using Staphy-lococcus aureus(SA)and Listeria monocytogenes(LM)as examples,EvaGreen-RAA with SAMRS primers was developed.As a reference and comparison,a traditional fluorescence probe RAA method and a RAA with SAMRS primers(SAMRS-RAA)for detecting SA and LM were also investigated.Serial di-lutions of recombinant plasmids were used to evaluate the sensitivity of the assays.Unenriched and enriched simulated milk samples were used to eval-uate the limits of detection(LOD)of these methods.Using high-resolution melting(HRM)was used to explore the sensitivity of the dual EvaGreen-RAA assay.Results:The sensitivity of the fluorescent RAA method for detecting SA and LM was 10 copies/μL using plasmids and the sensitivity of the SAMRS-RAA and EvaGreen-RAA for detecting SA and LM plasmids was 1 copies/μL.The LOD values of the EvaGreen-RAA for SA and LM in unenriched simulated milk samples were 100 and 50 CFU/mL,respectively,and the LOD value for both SA and LM using enriched simulated milk samples was 10 CFU/mL.EvaGreen-RAA had linear amplification in real time in the range of 1-10^(5)copies/μL of the plasmids of SA and LM.The sensitivity of the dual EvaGreen-RAA assay for SA and LM was estimated to be 10^(2)CFU/mL.Conclusion:A real-time quantitative EvaGreen-RAA method for detecting SA and LM was developed,which eliminates the need to design complex RAA probes.This dye-based RAA with SARMS primers provides a new strategy for simplifying fluorescence probe RAA and allowing the detection of multiple pathogens,which has many potential applications.
基金supported in part by the High Performance Computing Center of Central South University.We gratefully acknowledge the financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(52272261)The Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(2024RC1021)+1 种基金Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(2024JJ4062)Department of Education of Hunan Province of China(23B0020),and The Science and Technology Program of Changsha City(kq2402211).
文摘The dendrite and corrosion issues still remain for zinc anodes.Interface modification of anodes has been widely used for stabilizing zinc anodes.However,it is still quite challenging for such modification to simultaneously suppress zinc dendrites and corrosion issues.Herein,we propose a new strategy of buried interface engineering to effectively stabilize Zn anodes,in which a zincophilic Sn layer is buried by a corrosion-resistant ZnS layer(SZS).The buried Sn layer has a strong adsorption energy towards Zn atoms,which accelerates the nucleation of Zn atoms and induces smooth deposition.Meanwhile,the outer ZnS layer protects the newly deposited zinc layer from the corrosion by the electrolyte.As a result,the SZS@Zn symmetric cell demonstrates stable cycling for over 280 h compared to Bare Zn(41 h)at a high current of 10 mA cm^(-2)and a high areal capacity of 10 mAh cm^(-2).Besides,SZS@Zn//MnO2 full cells also achieve enhanced long-term cycling stability of 63.6%for 1000 cycles at a high rate of 10 C,compared to Bare Zn(47.2%).This work provides a new strategy of buried interface for the rational design of highly stable metal anodes for other metal batteries.
基金supported by the National Natural ScienceFoundation of China(U23A20106,22111530224,22304044 and 22473040)the Outstanding Youth Innovation Research Group in Henan Province(242300421005)Doctoral Initiation Fund(202103084).
文摘More modifiable sites on the nucleoside motif may need to be explored for developing novel(p)ppGpp molecular tools.Herein,we report for the first time that the C7-substituted deazapurine nucleoside triphosphates bearing small modifications as substrates could be effectively accepted by RelSeqNTD protein to react with ATP to give pppGpp derivatives with 65%—89%yields.Further structural derivatization via metal-coupling reaction was performed to produce C7-substituted GTP derivatives with larger bulkiness,and those GTP derivatives were also proven to be good substrates of RelSeqNTD protein.Alkynyl modified pppGpp could be coupled with probes by click reactions as the potential molecular tools for fishing proteins in biological research.We further explored whether the C7-alkynyl-pppGpp(pppGEpp)could be recognized by pppGpp interaction proteins.A micromolar level binding affinity(with a KD value of less than 10μM)between pppGpp(pppGEpp)and its binding proteins was obtained from the Isothermal Titration Curve(ITC).All those illustrate that these easily accessible functionalized C7-substituted pppGpp derivatives were suitable tools for further exploring the molecular interaction between pppGpp and its binding proteins.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51774051)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Hunan Province(No.2019RS2034)+1 种基金the Hunan High-tech Industry Science and Technology Innovation Leading Plan(No.2020GK2072)the Changsha City Fund for Distinguished and Innovative Young Scholars(No.KQ1707014).
文摘The residual Li and Li^(+)/Ni_(2)+cation mixing play essential roles in the electrochemical properties of Ni-rich cathodes.However,a general relationship between the residual Li conversion,cation mixing,and their effects on the Li^(+)kinetics and structural stability has yet to be established,due to the presence of cobalt in the cathode.Here,we explore the synergistic impact of the residual Li conversion and cation ordering on a Co-free Ni-rich cathode(i.e.,LiNi0.95Mn0.05O_(2)).It discloses that the rate capability is mainly affected by residual Li contents and operating voltage.Specifically,residual Li can be electrochemically converted to cathode electrolyte interphase(CEI)below 4.3 V,thus inducing high interphase resistance,and decomposes to produce CO_(2)-dominated gas at 4.5 V,causing temporary enhancement of Li^(+)diffusivity but severe surface degradation during cycling.Moreover,the cycling performance of Co-free Ni-rich cathode is not only determined by Li^(+)/Ni_(2)+cation-ordered superlattice,which enhances the structural stability as it functions as the pillar to impede lattice collapse at a highly charged state,but also by the robust CEI layers which protect the bulk from electrolyte attack under 4.3 V.These findings promote an in-depth understanding of residual Li conversion and Li^(+)/Ni_(2)+cation ordering on Co-free Ni-rich cathode.
文摘The scientific community has shown great interest in the field of mass spectrometry-based proteomics and peptidomics for its applications in biology. Proteomics technologies have evolved to produce large data sets of proteins or peptides involved in various biologic and disease progression processes generating testable hypothesis for complex biologic questions. This review provides an introduction to relevant topics in proteomics and peptidomics including biologic material selection, sample preparation, separation techniques, peptide fragmentation, post-translational modifications, quantification, bioinformatics, and biomarker discovery and validation. In addition, current literature, remaining challenges, and emerging technologies for proteomics and peptidomics are presented.
基金supported by the National Institutes of Health(NIH)grants RF1AG052324 and R21AG065728J.M.acknowledges a predoctoral traineeship supported by the NIH T32 training grant on Biology of Aging and Age-related Diseases(T32AG000213)funding provided by the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation and University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Pharmacy.
文摘Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is the leading cause of dementia in the aging population,but despite extensive research,there is no consensus on the biological cause of AD.While AD research is dominated by protein/peptide-centric research based on the amyloid hypothesis,a theory that designates dysfunction in beta-amyloid production,accumulation,or disposal as the primary cause of AD,many studies focus on metabolomics as a means of understanding the biological processes behind AD progression.In this review,we discuss mass spectrometry(MS)-based AD metabolomics studies,including sample type and preparation,mass spectrometry data acquisition strategies,and data analysis,as well as biological insights gleaned from these studies,with the hope of informing future AD metabolomic studies.
基金Osaka University.This research was supportedby the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development(AMED)under GrantNumber jp22bm0204003hthe Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS)Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(A)under Grant Number 20H00542+1 种基金Grantin-Aidfor Scientific Research(B)under Grant Number(22H03157)X.Qu was supportedby the Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science,and Technology(MEXT)scholarship.
文摘Human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiac patches have been extensively used for treating myocardialinfarction and have shown potential for clinical application. However, the limited patch thickness can hamper its therapeuticeffect. We previously developed a fibrous scaffold that allowed the formation of well-organized cardiac tissue constructs. Inthe present study, based on the above technology, we developed a three-dimensional multilayer fibrous scaffold with dynamicperfusion, on which approximately 20 million hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs) could be seeded in a single step andorganized into 1 mm thick and viable tissue. The multilayer cardiac tissue demonstrated enhanced contractile properties andupregulated cytokine secretion compared with the control group. Notably, when used on the myocardial infarction model,the multilayer group showed improved functional recovery and less fibrosis. These results indicated that the appropriatehiPSC-CM dose requires careful evaluation in developing clinical therapy. The multilayer cardiac tissue group demonstratedsignificant improvement than the control group, indicating that higher doses of transplanted cells may have improvedtherapeutic effects in treating myocardial infarction.
