Based on the high-resolution Eulerian fields of an ocean general circulation model simulation, the heat contribution of the Indonesian throughflow(ITF) to the Indian Ocean is estimated by Lagrangian tracing method.The...Based on the high-resolution Eulerian fields of an ocean general circulation model simulation, the heat contribution of the Indonesian throughflow(ITF) to the Indian Ocean is estimated by Lagrangian tracing method.The heat transport of each particle of ITF waters is calculated by tracing temperature change along the trajectory until the particle exits the Indian Ocean. The simulation reveals that the ITF waters flow westward and branch near Madagascar, further showing the ITF waters are redistributed in both northern and southern Indian Ocean.Heat budget analysis indicates that the ITF waters gain 0.41 PW(Petawatts, 1015 W) in the northern Indian Ocean and lose 0.56 PW in the southern Indian Ocean, respectively. As a result, the ITF waters warm the whole Indian Ocean basin with only 0.15 PW, which shows an "insignificant" role of ITF on the Indian Ocean because of the heat exchange compensation between northern and southern Indian Ocean. Furthermore, the tracing pathways show that the ITF waters mainly flow out the Indian Ocean at both sides of the basin via Agulhas Current and Leeuwin Current. About 89% of the ITF waters leave along western boundary and the rest 11% along eastern boundary. Compared to seeding section, 0.10 PW and 0.05 PW are released to the Indian Ocean, respectively.展开更多
Aqueous supercapacitors(SCs)exhibit several advantages,including high-power density,cycling durability,and safety;however,the shortage of low energy density inhibits their further application.Acquiring an excellent pe...Aqueous supercapacitors(SCs)exhibit several advantages,including high-power density,cycling durability,and safety;however,the shortage of low energy density inhibits their further application.Acquiring an excellent performance upon using simple strategies would be beneficial,but remains challenging.Here,an integrated electrode of hollow V_(2)O_(3)/carbon nanospheres(H-V_(2)O_(3)/C)was designed and synthesized for SCs.The introduction of carbon can increase the conductivity and stability,whereas the hollow structure endows H-V_(2)O_(3)/C with a high specific surface area and rapid transport of ions.Moreover,the H-V_(2)O_(3)/C integrated electrode can simultaneously work in both negative and positive potential windows.Benefiting from these advantages,the H-V_(2)O_(3)/C integrated electrode exhibits a specific capacitance as high as 708.6 F g^(-1) in a wide voltage window of-1.1-1.3 V.Furthermore,stemming from the multiple energy storage mechanisms,the aqueous integrated full SC device exhibits a wider potential window and higher energy density than the traditional(a)symmetric ones.Therefore,the proposed device delivers a wide voltage window of 2.4 V with an energy density of 96.8 W h kg^(-1) at a power density of 1204.6 W kg^(-1),as well as superior cycling stability.This study enlightens the design and preparation of electrode materials,opening up a possible approach for developing wide-voltage aqueous SCs.展开更多
The tropical Indian Ocean circulation system includes the equatorial and near-equatorial circulations, the marginal sea circulation, and eddies. The dynamic processes of these circulation systems show significant mult...The tropical Indian Ocean circulation system includes the equatorial and near-equatorial circulations, the marginal sea circulation, and eddies. The dynamic processes of these circulation systems show significant multi-scale variability associated with the Indian Monsoon and the Indian Ocean dipole. This paper summarizes the research progress over recent years on the tropical Indian Ocean circulation system based on the large-scale hydrological observations and numerical simulations by the South China Sea Institute of Oceanology(SCSIO), Chinese Academy of Sciences. Results show that:(1) the wind-driven Kelvin and Rossby waves and eastern boundary-reflected Rossby waves regulate the formation and evolution of the Equatorial Undercurrent and the Equatorial Intermediate Current;(2) the equatorial wind-driven dynamics are the main factor controlling the inter-annual variability of the thermocline in the eastern Indian Ocean upwelling;(3) the equatorial waves transport large amounts of energy into the Bay of Bengal in forms of coastal Kelvin and reflected free Rossby waves. Several unresolved issues within the tropical Indian Ocean are discussed:(i) the potential effects of the momentum balance and the basin resonance on the variability of the equatorial circulation system, and(ii) the potential contribution of wind-driven dynamics to the life cycle of the eastern Indian Ocean upwelling. This paper also briefly introduces the international Indian Ocean investigation project of the SCSIO, which will advance the study of the multi-scale variability of the tropical Indian Ocean circulation system, and provide a theoretical and data basis to support marine environmental security for the countries around the Maritime Silk Road.展开更多
Urbanization has been a worldwide development trend,which regulates river courses,impervious surfaces and drainage systems.Urbanization causes hydrological effects,including increased runoff volumes,peak discharges an...Urbanization has been a worldwide development trend,which regulates river courses,impervious surfaces and drainage systems.Urbanization causes hydrological effects,including increased runoff volumes,peak discharges and flow concentrations.This manuscript selects the Malaysian Sungai Pinang watershed as a case study to illustrate these land use,channel and flooding changes of Asian coastal cities.The Landsat satellite remote sensing images were first used to estimate the land use/land cover changes of the Sungai Pinang watershed by using SVM algorithm,and the results shows the urbanization was very rapid in the past decades,with the urbanization rate reached 46.41%in 2018 based on the build area rate.River channel characteristics also changed significantly,from natural river to concrete channel.Some flood resilience measures for coastal cities experiencing urbanization are also proposed for development and flood mitigation.Moreover,a flood forecasting model of the Sungai Pinang watershed is established herein.The simulation results of the Liuxihe model constructed in this study conforms to hydrological regularities and can provide a technical reference for flood control and disaster reduction.However,it is necessary to pay attention to the uncertainty of the forecast results.展开更多
基金The Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences under contract Nos XDA20060502 and XDA11010301the National Key Research and Development Program of China under contract No.2016YFC1401401+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41676013,41521005 and 41731173the Independent Research Project Program of State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography under contract No.LTOZZ1702the CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams
文摘Based on the high-resolution Eulerian fields of an ocean general circulation model simulation, the heat contribution of the Indonesian throughflow(ITF) to the Indian Ocean is estimated by Lagrangian tracing method.The heat transport of each particle of ITF waters is calculated by tracing temperature change along the trajectory until the particle exits the Indian Ocean. The simulation reveals that the ITF waters flow westward and branch near Madagascar, further showing the ITF waters are redistributed in both northern and southern Indian Ocean.Heat budget analysis indicates that the ITF waters gain 0.41 PW(Petawatts, 1015 W) in the northern Indian Ocean and lose 0.56 PW in the southern Indian Ocean, respectively. As a result, the ITF waters warm the whole Indian Ocean basin with only 0.15 PW, which shows an "insignificant" role of ITF on the Indian Ocean because of the heat exchange compensation between northern and southern Indian Ocean. Furthermore, the tracing pathways show that the ITF waters mainly flow out the Indian Ocean at both sides of the basin via Agulhas Current and Leeuwin Current. About 89% of the ITF waters leave along western boundary and the rest 11% along eastern boundary. Compared to seeding section, 0.10 PW and 0.05 PW are released to the Indian Ocean, respectively.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, 52073137, 21704038and 51763018)the NSFC-DFG Joint Research Project (51761135114)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province (20192BCB23001and 20202ZDB01009)the National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents (BX201700112)
文摘Aqueous supercapacitors(SCs)exhibit several advantages,including high-power density,cycling durability,and safety;however,the shortage of low energy density inhibits their further application.Acquiring an excellent performance upon using simple strategies would be beneficial,but remains challenging.Here,an integrated electrode of hollow V_(2)O_(3)/carbon nanospheres(H-V_(2)O_(3)/C)was designed and synthesized for SCs.The introduction of carbon can increase the conductivity and stability,whereas the hollow structure endows H-V_(2)O_(3)/C with a high specific surface area and rapid transport of ions.Moreover,the H-V_(2)O_(3)/C integrated electrode can simultaneously work in both negative and positive potential windows.Benefiting from these advantages,the H-V_(2)O_(3)/C integrated electrode exhibits a specific capacitance as high as 708.6 F g^(-1) in a wide voltage window of-1.1-1.3 V.Furthermore,stemming from the multiple energy storage mechanisms,the aqueous integrated full SC device exhibits a wider potential window and higher energy density than the traditional(a)symmetric ones.Therefore,the proposed device delivers a wide voltage window of 2.4 V with an energy density of 96.8 W h kg^(-1) at a power density of 1204.6 W kg^(-1),as well as superior cycling stability.This study enlightens the design and preparation of electrode materials,opening up a possible approach for developing wide-voltage aqueous SCs.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2017YFC1405100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41521005,41476011,41706027,41676013)+4 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong(Grant No.2016A030310015)the Open Fund of the Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.KLOCW1604)the Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography(Grant No.LTOZZ1702)the MEL Visiting Fellowship(Grant No.MELRS1640)the Guangzhou Science and Technology Foundation(Grant No.201804010133)
文摘The tropical Indian Ocean circulation system includes the equatorial and near-equatorial circulations, the marginal sea circulation, and eddies. The dynamic processes of these circulation systems show significant multi-scale variability associated with the Indian Monsoon and the Indian Ocean dipole. This paper summarizes the research progress over recent years on the tropical Indian Ocean circulation system based on the large-scale hydrological observations and numerical simulations by the South China Sea Institute of Oceanology(SCSIO), Chinese Academy of Sciences. Results show that:(1) the wind-driven Kelvin and Rossby waves and eastern boundary-reflected Rossby waves regulate the formation and evolution of the Equatorial Undercurrent and the Equatorial Intermediate Current;(2) the equatorial wind-driven dynamics are the main factor controlling the inter-annual variability of the thermocline in the eastern Indian Ocean upwelling;(3) the equatorial waves transport large amounts of energy into the Bay of Bengal in forms of coastal Kelvin and reflected free Rossby waves. Several unresolved issues within the tropical Indian Ocean are discussed:(i) the potential effects of the momentum balance and the basin resonance on the variability of the equatorial circulation system, and(ii) the potential contribution of wind-driven dynamics to the life cycle of the eastern Indian Ocean upwelling. This paper also briefly introduces the international Indian Ocean investigation project of the SCSIO, which will advance the study of the multi-scale variability of the tropical Indian Ocean circulation system, and provide a theoretical and data basis to support marine environmental security for the countries around the Maritime Silk Road.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(funding no.2017YFC1502702)
文摘Urbanization has been a worldwide development trend,which regulates river courses,impervious surfaces and drainage systems.Urbanization causes hydrological effects,including increased runoff volumes,peak discharges and flow concentrations.This manuscript selects the Malaysian Sungai Pinang watershed as a case study to illustrate these land use,channel and flooding changes of Asian coastal cities.The Landsat satellite remote sensing images were first used to estimate the land use/land cover changes of the Sungai Pinang watershed by using SVM algorithm,and the results shows the urbanization was very rapid in the past decades,with the urbanization rate reached 46.41%in 2018 based on the build area rate.River channel characteristics also changed significantly,from natural river to concrete channel.Some flood resilience measures for coastal cities experiencing urbanization are also proposed for development and flood mitigation.Moreover,a flood forecasting model of the Sungai Pinang watershed is established herein.The simulation results of the Liuxihe model constructed in this study conforms to hydrological regularities and can provide a technical reference for flood control and disaster reduction.However,it is necessary to pay attention to the uncertainty of the forecast results.
