Formaldehyde（HCHO） is one of the most important intermediate products of atmospheric photochemical reactions in the troposphere, therefore understanding of HCHO sources is essential for effective ozone control measu...Formaldehyde（HCHO） is one of the most important intermediate products of atmospheric photochemical reactions in the troposphere, therefore understanding of HCHO sources is essential for effective ozone control measures. The objective of this work is to distinguish between primary and secondary sources of HCHO. Based on about one month of online measurements in winter in Ziyang,Sichuan, the multi-linear regression analysis of ambient concentrations of HCHO and possible tracers（acetonitrile, propane and peroxyacetyl nitrate） was performed. The results show that during winter in Ziyang, biomass burning contributed an average of 53.2% to ambient HCHO levels, while secondary processes contributed about 30.1%, and vehicular sources accounted for 7.1%.展开更多
Hypoxia is a common environmental stress factor in aquatic organisms,which varies among fish species.However,the mechanisms underlying the ability of fish species to tolerate hypoxia are not well known.Here,we showed ...Hypoxia is a common environmental stress factor in aquatic organisms,which varies among fish species.However,the mechanisms underlying the ability of fish species to tolerate hypoxia are not well known.Here,we showed that hypoxia response in different fish species was affected by lipid catabolism and preference for lipid or carbohydrate energy sources.Activation of biochemical lipid catabolism through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha(Pparα)or increasing mitochondrial fat oxidation in tilapia decreased tolerance to acute hypoxia by increasing oxygen consumption and oxidative damage and reducing carbohydrate catabolism as an energy source.Conversely,lipid catabolism inhibition by suppressing entry of lipids into mitochondria in tilapia or individually knocking out three key genes of lipid catabolism in zebrafish increased tolerance to acute hypoxia by decreasing oxygen consumption and oxidative damage and promoting carbohydrate catabolism.However,anaerobic glycolysis suppression eliminated lipid catabolism inhibition-promoted hypoxia tolerance in adipose triglyceride lipase(atgl)mutant zebrafish.Using 14 fish species with different trophic levels and taxonomic status,the fish preferentially using lipids for energy were more intolerant to acute hypoxia than those preferentially using carbohydrates.Our study shows that hypoxia tolerance in fish depends on catabolic preference for lipids or carbohydrates,which can be modified by regulating lipid catabolism.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related deaths,and is classified according to its location in the proximal,middle,or distal stomach.Surgical resection is the primary approach for treating ...BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related deaths,and is classified according to its location in the proximal,middle,or distal stomach.Surgical resection is the primary approach for treating gastric cancer.This prospective study aimed to determine the best reconstruction method after distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer.AIM To explore the efficacy of different staplers and digestive tract reconstruction(DTR)methods after radical gastrectomy and their influence on prognosis.METHODS Eighty-seven patients who underwent radical gastrectomy for distal gastric cancer at our institution between April 2017 and April 2020 were included in this study,with a follow-up period of 12-26 mo.The patients were assigned to four groups based on the stapler and DTR plan as follows:BillrothⅠ(B-I)reconstruction+linear stapler group(group A,22 cases),B-I reconstruction+circular stapler group(group B,22 cases),Billroth II(B-II)reconstruction+linear stapler group(group C,22 cases),and B-II reconstruction+circular stapler group(group D,21 cases).The pathological parameters,postoperative gastrointestinal function recovery,postoperative complications,and quality of life(QOL)were compared among the four groups.RESULTS No significant differences in the maximum diameter of the gastric tumors,total number of lymph nodes dissected,drainage tube removal time,QLQ(QOL questionnaire)-C30 and QLQ-STO22 scores at 1 year postoperatively,and incidence of complications were observed among the four groups(P>0.05).However,groups A and C(linear stapler)had significantly lower intraoperative blood loss and significantly shorter anastomosis time,operation time,first fluid diet intake time,first exhaust time,and length of postoperative hospital stay(P<0.05)than groups B and D(circular stapler).CONCLUSION Linear staplers offer several advantages for postoperative recovery.B-I and B-II reconstruction methods had similar effects on QOL.The optimal solution can be selected according to individual conditions and postoperative convenience.展开更多
Objective:Serum albumin(ALB)can transport nutrients to circulating and local immune cells by passing through blood vessels and has attracted attention as a prognostic predictor of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)beca...Objective:Serum albumin(ALB)can transport nutrients to circulating and local immune cells by passing through blood vessels and has attracted attention as a prognostic predictor of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)because it reflects the host immunity from peripheral blood(PBL)to the tumor microenvironment. Methods:Clinical data regarding the PBL and tumor tissues were obtained at The First Hospital of Jilin University between February 2009 and March 2017.We detected indices of glucose and lipid metabolism,classified and counted PBL lymphocytes using flow cy-tometry,determined the tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes by quantitative immunofluorescence,and analyzed the T-cell receptor(TCR)rep-ertoire by high-throughput sequencing of the TCR β-chain.The correlations between ALB and metabolic immune indices were analyzed by t tests and Pearson chi-square test. Results:A total of 211 enrolled NSCLC patients were divided into a relatively high-ALB group(>41.75 g/L,n = 56)and a low-ALB group(≤41.75 g/L,n = 155);patients with high ALB had lower Treg cells(P<0.05)and more CD8+ cytotoxic T cells in the PBL(P<0.01)and a higher proportion of stromal CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes(P = 0.047)than patients with low ALB.High ALB was also significantly related to more diversity in the TCR repertoire(P = 0.0021,r2 = 0.5481).Moreover,ALB was identified as an in-dependent prognostic factor based on a multivariate Cox regression analysis(P = 0.032;hazard ratio(HR)= 1.804;95%confidence interval(CI)= 1.035-3.146).The median overall survival in patients with low ALB vs high ALB was 28.2 vs 42.2 months(P=0.0142),respectively.Among patients with nonmetastatic NSCLC(stage Ⅰ-Ⅲ),there was a higher incidence of distant metastasis in the low-ALB group than that in the high-ALB group(41.3%and 22.2%,P=0.043).A low ALB also had a strong association with a higher risk for disease progression(P<0.001)and death(P<0.01;HR = 0.555;95%CI= 0.312-0.988). Conclusions:Albumin could affect the host immunity,and high ALB predicted a reduced risk of distant metastasis and improved the prognosis in NSCLC patients.展开更多
Background:IMpower 133 trial first confirmed the efficacy and safety of adding atezolizumab or placebo to first-line treatment with chemotherapy in patients with extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer(SCLC).While,over...Background:IMpower 133 trial first confirmed the efficacy and safety of adding atezolizumab or placebo to first-line treatment with chemotherapy in patients with extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer(SCLC).While,overprice limited its broad use in clinical.The aim of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of atezolizumab plus chemotherapy in treatment of extensive SCLC as first line in China.Methods:A Markov model was established by extracting data from the IMpower 133 trial with untreated extensive SCLC patients.Utility values were obtained from published studies,and the costs were acquired from real world and literature.Additionally,sensitivity analyses based on a willingness-to-pay(WTP)threshold were performed to identify the uncertain parameters of Markov model.Results:Total costs of atezolizumab group were$48,129,while cost of chemotherapy alone was just$12,920 in placebo group.The quality-adjusted life-years(QALYs)in atezolizumab group was just 0.072 higher than that in placebo group(0.858 QALYs vs.0.786 QALYs).The cost-effectiveness ratio between atezolizumab combination with chemotherapy and chemotherapy alone was$489,013/QALY in China.The net benefit of placebo group was significantly higher than atezolizumab group.One-way sensitivity analyses highlighted that utilities of the progression-free survival(PFS)and progression disease state in placebo group were the most influential parameter.Conclusions:Atezolizumab combination therapy was not more cost-effective than chemotherapy alone at a WTP threshold of$25,929/QALY in China.展开更多
Biodegradable magnesium alloys are challenging to be implanted in patients with hyperglycemia and diabetes.A hypothesis is suggested that glucose accelerates microbial ingress and in vitro degradation of Mg-Li-Ca impl...Biodegradable magnesium alloys are challenging to be implanted in patients with hyperglycemia and diabetes.A hypothesis is suggested that glucose accelerates microbial ingress and in vitro degradation of Mg-Li-Ca implants.Corrosion resistance and mechanical properties was demonstrated using electrochemical,hydrogen evolution and tensile tests.The bacteria from Hank's solution were isolated via 16S rRNA gene analysis.The results revealed that Mg-1Li-1Ca alloy exhibited different responses to Hank's solution with and without glucose.The solution acidity was ascribed to Microbacterium hominis and Enterobacter xiangfangensis,indicating that glucose promoted microbial activity and degradation and deterioration in mechanical property of Mg-1Li-1Ca alloy.展开更多
Lipophagy is a form of autophagy in mammals.In this cellular process,lipid droplets(LDs)are degraded through the lysosomal degradative pathway[1].During lipophagy,LDs sequestrated in autophagosomes are delivered to ly...Lipophagy is a form of autophagy in mammals.In this cellular process,lipid droplets(LDs)are degraded through the lysosomal degradative pathway[1].During lipophagy,LDs sequestrated in autophagosomes are delivered to lysosomes,which fuse to form autophagosomes and then develop into autophagolysosomes,leading to LDs degradation of[1].A number of studies have demonstrated that lipophagy play important roles in lipid展开更多
To the Editor:Worldwide,lung cancer,particularly non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC),is the leading cause of tumor-related death.Cost-effectiveness analysis show no economic benefits for advanced NSCLC patients over che...To the Editor:Worldwide,lung cancer,particularly non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC),is the leading cause of tumor-related death.Cost-effectiveness analysis show no economic benefits for advanced NSCLC patients over chemotherapy.[1]Furthermore,tests such as programmed cell death ligand 1(PD-L1)and tumor mutational burden(TMB)tests,evaluated via immunohistochemical methods and next-generation sequencing,respectively,are widely used for screening potential beneficiaries of immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs).However,these two methods have different predictive values,making their comprehensive evaluation the focus of the current controversy.展开更多
Sandwiched composites with a combination of electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding performance,thermal conductivity,and electrical insulation show significant potential in electronic packaging.However,the fabricat...Sandwiched composites with a combination of electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding performance,thermal conductivity,and electrical insulation show significant potential in electronic packaging.However,the fabrication of such composites using high-performance thermosets as matrices presents challenges due to their permanently crosslinked structures.Here,we relied on the dynamic covalent chemistry to propose an innovative interface-welding strategy to fabricate a sandwiched thermoset(covalent adaptable network)/carbon nanotubes/boron nitride(CAN/CNTs/BN)composite.To sustainability,theCANmatrixwas derived fromrenewable biobased resources,such as vanillin,glycerol triglycidyl ether,and 1,10-diaminodecane.The incorporation of CAN/BN composites as the outer layers bolstered thermal conductivity while maintaining electrical insulation,while the CAN/CNTs interlayer efficiently attenuated electromagnetic waves.With a BN and CNT content of 30 wt%,the CAN/CNTs/BN composite achieved a thermal conductivity of 1.79W⋅m^(−1)⋅K^(−1),an EMI shielding effectiveness exceeding 55 dB in the X-band,and an ultra-low electrical conductivity of 1.6×10^(−13)S⋅m^(−1).Leveraging dynamic covalent chemistry,the interface-welding technique fostered fully integrated interfaces,ensuring superior mechanical properties of CAN/CNTs/BN composite including a tensile modulus of 3837.8±196.9 MPa and tensile strength of 62.1±3.7 MPa.Additionally,its exceptional heat dissipation performance positions CAN/CNTs/BN composite as a promising contender for electronic packaging applications.展开更多
Biodegradable Mg alloys have generated great interest for biomedical applications. Accurate predictions of in vivo degradation of Mg alloys through costeffective in vitro evaluations require the latter to be conducted...Biodegradable Mg alloys have generated great interest for biomedical applications. Accurate predictions of in vivo degradation of Mg alloys through costeffective in vitro evaluations require the latter to be conducted in an environment close to that of physiological scenarios. However, the roles of glucose and buffering agents in regulating the in vitro degradation performance of Mg alloys has not been elucidated. Herein, degradation behavior of AZ31 alloy is investigated by hydrogen evolution measurements, pH monitoring and electrochemical tests. Results indicate that glucose plays a content-dependent role in degradation of AZ31 alloy in buffer-free saline solution. The presence of a low concentration of glucose, i.e. 1.0 g/L, decreases the corrosion rate of Mg alloy AZ31, whereas the presence of 2.0 and 3.0 glL glucose accelerates the corrosion rate during long term immersion in saline solution. In terms of Tris-buffered saline solution, the addition of glucose increases pH value and promotes pitting corrosion or general corrosion of AZ31 alloy. This study provides a novel perspective to understand the bio-corrosion of Mg alloys in buffering agents and glucose containing solutions.展开更多
Immunotherapy has opened a new era in cancer treatment.Drugs represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors have led to important breakthroughs in the treatment of various solid tumors,greatly improving the survival rate...Immunotherapy has opened a new era in cancer treatment.Drugs represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors have led to important breakthroughs in the treatment of various solid tumors,greatly improving the survival rate of cancer patients.Many types of immunotherapeutic drugs have become widely available;however,their efficacy is variable,and relatively few patients with advanced cancer experience life-altering durable survival,reflecting the complex and highly regulated nature of the immune system.The research field of cancer immunotherapy(CIT)still faces many challenges in pursuing the broader social goal of“curing cancer.”Increasing attention has been paid to strengthening the understanding of the molecular or cellular drivers of resistance to immunotherapy,actively exploring more effective therapeutic targets,and developing combination therapy strategies.Here,we review the key challenges that have emerged in the era of CIT and the possible solutions or development directions to overcome these difficulties,providing relevant references for basic research and the development of modified clinical treatment regimens.展开更多
文摘Formaldehyde（HCHO） is one of the most important intermediate products of atmospheric photochemical reactions in the troposphere, therefore understanding of HCHO sources is essential for effective ozone control measures. The objective of this work is to distinguish between primary and secondary sources of HCHO. Based on about one month of online measurements in winter in Ziyang,Sichuan, the multi-linear regression analysis of ambient concentrations of HCHO and possible tracers（acetonitrile, propane and peroxyacetyl nitrate） was performed. The results show that during winter in Ziyang, biomass burning contributed an average of 53.2% to ambient HCHO levels, while secondary processes contributed about 30.1%, and vehicular sources accounted for 7.1%.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31830102,32202950)。
文摘Hypoxia is a common environmental stress factor in aquatic organisms,which varies among fish species.However,the mechanisms underlying the ability of fish species to tolerate hypoxia are not well known.Here,we showed that hypoxia response in different fish species was affected by lipid catabolism and preference for lipid or carbohydrate energy sources.Activation of biochemical lipid catabolism through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha(Pparα)or increasing mitochondrial fat oxidation in tilapia decreased tolerance to acute hypoxia by increasing oxygen consumption and oxidative damage and reducing carbohydrate catabolism as an energy source.Conversely,lipid catabolism inhibition by suppressing entry of lipids into mitochondria in tilapia or individually knocking out three key genes of lipid catabolism in zebrafish increased tolerance to acute hypoxia by decreasing oxygen consumption and oxidative damage and promoting carbohydrate catabolism.However,anaerobic glycolysis suppression eliminated lipid catabolism inhibition-promoted hypoxia tolerance in adipose triglyceride lipase(atgl)mutant zebrafish.Using 14 fish species with different trophic levels and taxonomic status,the fish preferentially using lipids for energy were more intolerant to acute hypoxia than those preferentially using carbohydrates.Our study shows that hypoxia tolerance in fish depends on catabolic preference for lipids or carbohydrates,which can be modified by regulating lipid catabolism.
文摘BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related deaths,and is classified according to its location in the proximal,middle,or distal stomach.Surgical resection is the primary approach for treating gastric cancer.This prospective study aimed to determine the best reconstruction method after distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer.AIM To explore the efficacy of different staplers and digestive tract reconstruction(DTR)methods after radical gastrectomy and their influence on prognosis.METHODS Eighty-seven patients who underwent radical gastrectomy for distal gastric cancer at our institution between April 2017 and April 2020 were included in this study,with a follow-up period of 12-26 mo.The patients were assigned to four groups based on the stapler and DTR plan as follows:BillrothⅠ(B-I)reconstruction+linear stapler group(group A,22 cases),B-I reconstruction+circular stapler group(group B,22 cases),Billroth II(B-II)reconstruction+linear stapler group(group C,22 cases),and B-II reconstruction+circular stapler group(group D,21 cases).The pathological parameters,postoperative gastrointestinal function recovery,postoperative complications,and quality of life(QOL)were compared among the four groups.RESULTS No significant differences in the maximum diameter of the gastric tumors,total number of lymph nodes dissected,drainage tube removal time,QLQ(QOL questionnaire)-C30 and QLQ-STO22 scores at 1 year postoperatively,and incidence of complications were observed among the four groups(P>0.05).However,groups A and C(linear stapler)had significantly lower intraoperative blood loss and significantly shorter anastomosis time,operation time,first fluid diet intake time,first exhaust time,and length of postoperative hospital stay(P<0.05)than groups B and D(circular stapler).CONCLUSION Linear staplers offer several advantages for postoperative recovery.B-I and B-II reconstruction methods had similar effects on QOL.The optimal solution can be selected according to individual conditions and postoperative convenience.
基金supported by Research on Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention and Control of National Ministry of Science and Technology(No.2016YFC1303804)National Natural Science Foundation of China grant(No.81672275,No.81874052,No.3A214DJ63428)to J-WC+1 种基金the Youth Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81802487)the Youth Development Foundation of The First Hospital of jilin University(No.JDYY92018028)to L-YL.
文摘Objective:Serum albumin(ALB)can transport nutrients to circulating and local immune cells by passing through blood vessels and has attracted attention as a prognostic predictor of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)because it reflects the host immunity from peripheral blood(PBL)to the tumor microenvironment. Methods:Clinical data regarding the PBL and tumor tissues were obtained at The First Hospital of Jilin University between February 2009 and March 2017.We detected indices of glucose and lipid metabolism,classified and counted PBL lymphocytes using flow cy-tometry,determined the tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes by quantitative immunofluorescence,and analyzed the T-cell receptor(TCR)rep-ertoire by high-throughput sequencing of the TCR β-chain.The correlations between ALB and metabolic immune indices were analyzed by t tests and Pearson chi-square test. Results:A total of 211 enrolled NSCLC patients were divided into a relatively high-ALB group(>41.75 g/L,n = 56)and a low-ALB group(≤41.75 g/L,n = 155);patients with high ALB had lower Treg cells(P<0.05)and more CD8+ cytotoxic T cells in the PBL(P<0.01)and a higher proportion of stromal CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes(P = 0.047)than patients with low ALB.High ALB was also significantly related to more diversity in the TCR repertoire(P = 0.0021,r2 = 0.5481).Moreover,ALB was identified as an in-dependent prognostic factor based on a multivariate Cox regression analysis(P = 0.032;hazard ratio(HR)= 1.804;95%confidence interval(CI)= 1.035-3.146).The median overall survival in patients with low ALB vs high ALB was 28.2 vs 42.2 months(P=0.0142),respectively.Among patients with nonmetastatic NSCLC(stage Ⅰ-Ⅲ),there was a higher incidence of distant metastasis in the low-ALB group than that in the high-ALB group(41.3%and 22.2%,P=0.043).A low ALB also had a strong association with a higher risk for disease progression(P<0.001)and death(P<0.01;HR = 0.555;95%CI= 0.312-0.988). Conclusions:Albumin could affect the host immunity,and high ALB predicted a reduced risk of distant metastasis and improved the prognosis in NSCLC patients.
基金This work was supported by Research on Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention and Control of National Ministry of Science and Technology(2016YFC1303804)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81802487)+2 种基金China Postdoctoral Foundation Project(2019M651217)Youth Development Foundation of the First Hospital of Jilin University(JDYY92018028)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81500116).
文摘Background:IMpower 133 trial first confirmed the efficacy and safety of adding atezolizumab or placebo to first-line treatment with chemotherapy in patients with extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer(SCLC).While,overprice limited its broad use in clinical.The aim of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of atezolizumab plus chemotherapy in treatment of extensive SCLC as first line in China.Methods:A Markov model was established by extracting data from the IMpower 133 trial with untreated extensive SCLC patients.Utility values were obtained from published studies,and the costs were acquired from real world and literature.Additionally,sensitivity analyses based on a willingness-to-pay(WTP)threshold were performed to identify the uncertain parameters of Markov model.Results:Total costs of atezolizumab group were$48,129,while cost of chemotherapy alone was just$12,920 in placebo group.The quality-adjusted life-years(QALYs)in atezolizumab group was just 0.072 higher than that in placebo group(0.858 QALYs vs.0.786 QALYs).The cost-effectiveness ratio between atezolizumab combination with chemotherapy and chemotherapy alone was$489,013/QALY in China.The net benefit of placebo group was significantly higher than atezolizumab group.One-way sensitivity analyses highlighted that utilities of the progression-free survival(PFS)and progression disease state in placebo group were the most influential parameter.Conclusions:Atezolizumab combination therapy was not more cost-effective than chemotherapy alone at a WTP threshold of$25,929/QALY in China.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51571134)Research Fund(2014TDJH104)of Shandong University of Science and Technology.
文摘Biodegradable magnesium alloys are challenging to be implanted in patients with hyperglycemia and diabetes.A hypothesis is suggested that glucose accelerates microbial ingress and in vitro degradation of Mg-Li-Ca implants.Corrosion resistance and mechanical properties was demonstrated using electrochemical,hydrogen evolution and tensile tests.The bacteria from Hank's solution were isolated via 16S rRNA gene analysis.The results revealed that Mg-1Li-1Ca alloy exhibited different responses to Hank's solution with and without glucose.The solution acidity was ascribed to Microbacterium hominis and Enterobacter xiangfangensis,indicating that glucose promoted microbial activity and degradation and deterioration in mechanical property of Mg-1Li-1Ca alloy.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2014CB138603)
文摘Lipophagy is a form of autophagy in mammals.In this cellular process,lipid droplets(LDs)are degraded through the lysosomal degradative pathway[1].During lipophagy,LDs sequestrated in autophagosomes are delivered to lysosomes,which fuse to form autophagosomes and then develop into autophagolysosomes,leading to LDs degradation of[1].A number of studies have demonstrated that lipophagy play important roles in lipid
基金the grants from the Nation Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFC1303800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81802487)+2 种基金the China postdoctoral foundation project(No.2019M651217)the Research on the method of medical data correlation analysis and platform construction(No.45119031C003)the Youth Development Foundation of the First Hospital of Jilin university(No.JDYY92018028)。
文摘To the Editor:Worldwide,lung cancer,particularly non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC),is the leading cause of tumor-related death.Cost-effectiveness analysis show no economic benefits for advanced NSCLC patients over chemotherapy.[1]Furthermore,tests such as programmed cell death ligand 1(PD-L1)and tumor mutational burden(TMB)tests,evaluated via immunohistochemical methods and next-generation sequencing,respectively,are widely used for screening potential beneficiaries of immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs).However,these two methods have different predictive values,making their comprehensive evaluation the focus of the current controversy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52273093)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.SWU-XDJH202314).
文摘Sandwiched composites with a combination of electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding performance,thermal conductivity,and electrical insulation show significant potential in electronic packaging.However,the fabrication of such composites using high-performance thermosets as matrices presents challenges due to their permanently crosslinked structures.Here,we relied on the dynamic covalent chemistry to propose an innovative interface-welding strategy to fabricate a sandwiched thermoset(covalent adaptable network)/carbon nanotubes/boron nitride(CAN/CNTs/BN)composite.To sustainability,theCANmatrixwas derived fromrenewable biobased resources,such as vanillin,glycerol triglycidyl ether,and 1,10-diaminodecane.The incorporation of CAN/BN composites as the outer layers bolstered thermal conductivity while maintaining electrical insulation,while the CAN/CNTs interlayer efficiently attenuated electromagnetic waves.With a BN and CNT content of 30 wt%,the CAN/CNTs/BN composite achieved a thermal conductivity of 1.79W⋅m^(−1)⋅K^(−1),an EMI shielding effectiveness exceeding 55 dB in the X-band,and an ultra-low electrical conductivity of 1.6×10^(−13)S⋅m^(−1).Leveraging dynamic covalent chemistry,the interface-welding technique fostered fully integrated interfaces,ensuring superior mechanical properties of CAN/CNTs/BN composite including a tensile modulus of 3837.8±196.9 MPa and tensile strength of 62.1±3.7 MPa.Additionally,its exceptional heat dissipation performance positions CAN/CNTs/BN composite as a promising contender for electronic packaging applications.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos. 51571134 and 51601108）, the SDUST Research Fund （2014TDJH104） and the Science and Technology Innovation Fund of SDUST for graduate students （SDKDYC180371）.
文摘Biodegradable Mg alloys have generated great interest for biomedical applications. Accurate predictions of in vivo degradation of Mg alloys through costeffective in vitro evaluations require the latter to be conducted in an environment close to that of physiological scenarios. However, the roles of glucose and buffering agents in regulating the in vitro degradation performance of Mg alloys has not been elucidated. Herein, degradation behavior of AZ31 alloy is investigated by hydrogen evolution measurements, pH monitoring and electrochemical tests. Results indicate that glucose plays a content-dependent role in degradation of AZ31 alloy in buffer-free saline solution. The presence of a low concentration of glucose, i.e. 1.0 g/L, decreases the corrosion rate of Mg alloy AZ31, whereas the presence of 2.0 and 3.0 glL glucose accelerates the corrosion rate during long term immersion in saline solution. In terms of Tris-buffered saline solution, the addition of glucose increases pH value and promotes pitting corrosion or general corrosion of AZ31 alloy. This study provides a novel perspective to understand the bio-corrosion of Mg alloys in buffering agents and glucose containing solutions.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2016YFC1303800)the Innovation Project of Health and Technology in Jilin Province(No.2017J064)+2 种基金the 13th Five-Year Science and Technology Project of Jilin Provincial Education Department(No.JJKH20190020KJ)Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Plan Projectand Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory Project(No.20180101009JC).
文摘Immunotherapy has opened a new era in cancer treatment.Drugs represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors have led to important breakthroughs in the treatment of various solid tumors,greatly improving the survival rate of cancer patients.Many types of immunotherapeutic drugs have become widely available;however,their efficacy is variable,and relatively few patients with advanced cancer experience life-altering durable survival,reflecting the complex and highly regulated nature of the immune system.The research field of cancer immunotherapy(CIT)still faces many challenges in pursuing the broader social goal of“curing cancer.”Increasing attention has been paid to strengthening the understanding of the molecular or cellular drivers of resistance to immunotherapy,actively exploring more effective therapeutic targets,and developing combination therapy strategies.Here,we review the key challenges that have emerged in the era of CIT and the possible solutions or development directions to overcome these difficulties,providing relevant references for basic research and the development of modified clinical treatment regimens.
