In order to reveal the effect of 2-hydroxy-3-naphthyl hydroxamic acid(H205)on the flotation behavior and action mechanism of bastnaesite,single-mineral flotation experiments of bastnaesite were conducted.The flotation...In order to reveal the effect of 2-hydroxy-3-naphthyl hydroxamic acid(H205)on the flotation behavior and action mechanism of bastnaesite,single-mineral flotation experiments of bastnaesite were conducted.The flotation recovery of bastnaesites can be achieved more than 90%when the aeration rate is 40 mL/min,the rotational speed is 200 r/min,the H205 dosage is 120 mg/L,and the pulp pH ranges from 7 to 9.The action mechanism of H205 on the surface of bastnaesite was studied by simultaneous thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry(TG-DSC),Zeta potential measurements,Fourier transform-infrared spectra(FT-IR)and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).These analysis results show that under suitable flotation conditions,H205 has an obvious adsorption phenomenon on the surface of bastnaesite.The adsorption involves electrostatic interactions and chemical interactions,namely H205 has a strong collecting ability of bastnaesite due to the synergism of electrostatic adsorption and chemical adsorption.This study systematically reveals the flotation behavior and adsorption mechanism of H205 on the surface of bastnaesite,and provides useful theoretical guidance for efficient flotation separation of bastnaesite.展开更多
Transition metals(TMs)are widely recognized for their valuable catalytic properties in various fields,from environmental protection to industrial application[1].Recently,there has been increasing interest in catalysts...Transition metals(TMs)are widely recognized for their valuable catalytic properties in various fields,from environmental protection to industrial application[1].Recently,there has been increasing interest in catalysts containing late TMs,particularly noble metals such as osmium,iridium and platinum.For instance,some studies have demonstrated that the Os atom serves as metal centers that coordinates alkanes,enabling the activation of C-H bonds in the first step[2].Characterization of the geometric and electronic structures of TM catalysts is essential for exploring the structure-reactivity relationship and elucidating complex mechanisms.展开更多
It is highly challenging to precisely compare the impacts of anthropogenic pollutants on the photooxidation of isomeric volatile organic compounds with respect to molecular compositions and particle number/mass concen...It is highly challenging to precisely compare the impacts of anthropogenic pollutants on the photooxidation of isomeric volatile organic compounds with respect to molecular compositions and particle number/mass concentrations of secondary organic aerosols(SOAs).In this study,we conducted a series of well-defined indoor chamber experiments to compare the effects of NO_(x)(NO and NO_(2))on the photooxidation of isomeric monoterpenes ofβ-pinene and limonene.For the photooxidation ofβ-pinene with NO_(x),the increase of the initial concentrations of NO([NO]_(0))shows a monotonous suppression of the particle mass concentration,whereas the increase of[NO_(2)]_(0) shows a monotonous enhancement of the particle mass concentration.For the photooxidation of limonene with NO_(x),the increase of[NO]_(0) exhibits a monotonous suppression of the particle mass concentration,whereas the increase of[NO_(2)]_(0) shows a parabolic trend of the particle mass concentration.Utilizing a newly developed vacuum ultraviolet free electron laser(VUV-FEL),the online threshold photoionization mass spectrometry reveals a series of novel compounds at molecular weight(MW)=232 and 306 for theβ-pinene+NO_(x) system and MW=187,261,280,and 306 for the limonene+NO_(x) system.The molecular structures and formation pathways of these species were inferred,which led to the prediction of the diversity and difference of SOA products(i.e.,ester and peroxide accretion products)formed from different monoterpene precursors.To improve the predictions of future air quality,it is recommended that climate models should incorporate the NO_(x)-driven diurnal photooxidation of monoterpenes for SOA formation mechanisms.展开更多
Elucidating the mutual effects between the different volatile organic compounds(VOCs)is crucial for comprehending the formation mechanism of atmospheric secondary organic aerosols(SOA).Here,the mixed VOCs experiments ...Elucidating the mutual effects between the different volatile organic compounds(VOCs)is crucial for comprehending the formation mechanism of atmospheric secondary organic aerosols(SOA).Here,the mixed VOCs experiments of isoprene and△^(3)-carene/β-caryophyllene were carried out in the presence of O_(3)using an indoor smog chamber.The suppression effect of isoprene was recognized by the scanning mobility particle sizer spectrometer,online vacuum ultraviolet free electron laser(VUV-FEL)photoionization aerosol mass spectrometry,and quantum chemical calculations.The results indicate that the suppression effect of isoprene on the ozonolysis of△^(3)-carene andβ-caryophyllene shows fluctuating and monotonous trends,respectively.The carbon content of the precursor could be themain factor for regulating the strength of the suppression effect.Plausible structures and formation mechanisms of several new products generated from the single VOC precursor and VOC-cross-reaction are proposed,which enrich the category of VOC oxidation products.Meanwhile,a new dimerization mechanism of the RO_(2)+R’O_(2)reaction is suggested,which offers an intriguing perspective on the gas phase formation process of particle phase accretion products.The present findings provide valuable insights into clarifying the pivotal roles played by isoprene in the interplay between different VOCs and understanding of SOA formation mechanisms of VOC mixtures,especially nearby the emission origins.展开更多
Sedimentation sludge water(SSW),a prominent constituent of wastewater from drinking water treatment plants,has received limited attention in terms of its treatment and utilization likely due to the perceived difficult...Sedimentation sludge water(SSW),a prominent constituent of wastewater from drinking water treatment plants,has received limited attention in terms of its treatment and utilization likely due to the perceived difficulties associated with managing SSW sludge.This study comprehensively evaluated the water quality of SSW by comparing it to a well-documented wastewater(filter backwash water(FBW)).Furthermore,it investigated the pollutant variations in the SSW during pre-sedimentation process,probed the underlying reaction mechanism,and explored the feasibility of employing a pilot-scale coagulation-sedimentation process for SSW treatment.The levels of most water quality parameters were generally comparable between SSW and FBW.During the pre-sedimentation of SSW,significant removal of turbidity,bacterial counts,and dissolved organic matter(DOM)was observed.The characterization of DOM components,molecular weight distributions,and optical properties revealed that the macromolecular proteinaceous biopolymers and humic acids were preferentially removed.The characterization of particulates indicated that high surface energy,zeta potential,and bridging/adsorption/sedimentation/coagulation capacities in aluminum residuals of SSW,underscoring its potential as a coagulant and promoting the generation and sedimentation of inorganic-organic complexes.The coagulation-sedimentation process could effectively remove pollutants from low-turbidity SSW([turbidity]0<15 NTU).These findings provide valuable insights into the water quality dynamics of SSW during the pre-sedimentation process,facilitating the development of SSW quality management and enhancing its reuse rate.展开更多
Single-atom catalysts(SACs),as the rising stars in the field of catalytic science,are leading catalytic technology into an un-precedented new era.However,the synthe-sis of high-performance SACs with well-de-fined acti...Single-atom catalysts(SACs),as the rising stars in the field of catalytic science,are leading catalytic technology into an un-precedented new era.However,the synthe-sis of high-performance SACs with well-de-fined active sites and high loadings under precise control has become a hotly debated topic in scientific research.Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),with their exceptional properties such as ultrahigh specific surface areas,precisely controllable structural de-signs,and highly flexible functional cus-tomization capabilities,are regarded as one of the ideal matrices for supporting and sta-bilizing SACs.This review provides an in-sightful overview of the diverse preparation strategies for MOFs-derived SACs.It comprehen-sively analyzes the unique advantages and challenges of each method in achieving efficient synthesis of SACs,emphasizing the crucial role of optimized processes in unlocking the antici-pated performance of SACs.Furthermore,this review delves into a series of advanced charac-terization techniques,including aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron mi-croscopy(AC-STEM),electron energy loss spectroscopy(EELS),X-ray absorption spec-troscopy(XAS),and infrared absorption spectroscopy(IRAS),offering valuable insights into the atomic-scale fine structures and properties of SACs,significantly advancing the under-standing of SAC mechanisms.Moreover,this review focuses on exploring the potential appli-cations of MOFs-derived SACs in electrocatalysis frontier fields.This comprehensive exami-nation lays a solid theoretical foundation and provides a directional guidance for the rational design and controllable synthesis of high-performance MOFs-derived SACs.展开更多
Mycophenolic acid(MPA),the active moiety of both mycophenolate mofetil(MMF)and enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium(EC-MPS),serves as a primary immunosuppressant for maintaining solid organ transplants.Therapeutic drug...Mycophenolic acid(MPA),the active moiety of both mycophenolate mofetil(MMF)and enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium(EC-MPS),serves as a primary immunosuppressant for maintaining solid organ transplants.Therapeutic drug monitoring(TDM)enhances treatment outcomes through tailored approaches.This study aimed to develop an evidence-based guideline for MPA TDM,facilitating its rational application in clinical settings.The guideline plan was drawn from the Institute of Medicine and World Health Organization(WHO)guidelines.Using the Delphi method,clinical questions and outcome indicators were generated.Systematic reviews,Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development,and Evaluation(GRADE)evidence quality evaluations,expert opinions,and patient values guided evidence-based suggestions for the guideline.External reviews further refined the recommendations.The guideline for the TDM of MPA(IPGRP-2020CN099)consists of four sections and 16 recommendations encompassing target populations,monitoring strategies,dosage regimens,and influencing factors.High-risk populations,timing of TDM,area under the curve(AUC)versus trough concentration(C0),target concentration ranges,monitoring frequency,and analytical methods are addressed.Formulation-specific recommendations,initial dosage regimens,populations with unique considerations,pharmacokinetic-informed dosing,body weight factors,pharmacogenetics,and drug–drug interactions are covered.The evidence-based guideline offers a comprehensive recommendation for solid organ transplant recipients undergoing MPA therapy,promoting standardization of MPA TDM,and enhancing treatment efficacy and safety.展开更多
A series of heteronuclear yttrium-nickel monoxide carbonyl complexes YNiO(CO)_(n)^(-)(n=1-5)were generated in a pulsed-laser vaporization source and characterized by mass-selected photoelectron velocity-map spectrosco...A series of heteronuclear yttrium-nickel monoxide carbonyl complexes YNiO(CO)_(n)^(-)(n=1-5)were generated in a pulsed-laser vaporization source and characterized by mass-selected photoelectron velocity-map spectroscopy combined with theoretical calculations.CO ligand-mediated reactivity in CO oxidation of yttrium-nickel monoxide carbonyl complexes was experimentally and theoretically identified.During the consecutive CO adsorption,aμ^(2)-O linear structure was most favorable for YNiO(CO)_(n)^(-)(n=1,2),then a structure in which the terminal O was bonded to the Y atom became favored for YNiO(CO)_(3)^(-),and finally a structure bearing a CO_(2)moiety was most favorable for YNiO(CO)_(n)^(-)(n=4,5).Theoretical calculations indicated that the Ni atom acted as an electron acceptor and accumulated electron density at n≤3,and then served as an electron donor along with the Y atom to contribute electron density in the rearrangement that accompanied CO oxidation at n>3.展开更多
Global climate change seriously threatens food security.To address this challenge,breeders have achieved remarkable results using multiple breeding strategies and technologies.In recent years,the application of biomol...Global climate change seriously threatens food security.To address this challenge,breeders have achieved remarkable results using multiple breeding strategies and technologies.In recent years,the application of biomolecular condensates to crop improvement has remained in its early stages.Nevertheless,growing evidence indicates their crucial roles in regulating crop development and stress adaptation.This review synthesizes recent advances in understanding biomolecular condensate functions across key plant developmental phases and their regulatory roles in abiotic and biotic stress responses.The regulatory mechanisms associated with these condensates primarily encompass transcriptional regulation,RNA processing and metabolism,translational control,and membrane organelle biogenesis,collectively establishing a solid theoretical foundation for agricultural molecular breeding.In the final section,we discuss the potential applications and challenges of biomolecular condensates in crop improvement.展开更多
Although the parallel incorporation of fluorinated aromatic amino acids(FAAAs)into proteins has been explored since 2010,the corresponding ^(19)F NMR investigation has been lacking to date.To assess the potential of t...Although the parallel incorporation of fluorinated aromatic amino acids(FAAAs)into proteins has been explored since 2010,the corresponding ^(19)F NMR investigation has been lacking to date.To assess the potential of the parallel incorporation of FAAAs in studies of protein structure,dynamics and interactions,we examine the protein yields,fluorine incorporation efficiencies,and ^(19)F NMR spectra upon simultaneously incorporating FAAAs including 3-fluorotyrosine(3FY),4-fluorophenylalanine(4FF)and 5-fluorotryptophan(5FW)into two model proteins:the structured protein GB1 domain(GB1)and the intrinsically disordered protein a-synuclein(a-syn).We found that the simultaneous incorporation of 3FY and 5FW achieved higher efficiency than combinations of 4FF and 5FW,4FF and 3FY,or 3FY,4FF and 5FW.Moreover,incorporating more types of FAAAs leads to a reduction in overall yield.The ^(19)F spectra of 3FY,4FF and 5FW residues in α-syn and GB1 exhibited good dispersion of chemical shifts.However,the GB1 spectrum showed complexity due to incomplete fluorination and interactions within aromatic cluster.This complexity could be significantly reduced by supplementing the medium with natural aromatic amino acids.To validate the advantage of ^(19)F NMR spectrum,we use 3FY-4FF-5FW-F94W-α-syn to investigate the interaction between α-syn and sodium dodecyl sulphate(SDS)micelle.Our study demonstrates that ^(19)F NMR spectroscopy of proteins with parallel incorporation of FAAAs provides a valuable tool for investigating protein conformation,dynamics and interactions.展开更多
Dysfunction of drug transporters significantly affects therapeutic outcomes and drug efficacy in patients with liver injury.Clinical and experimental evidence demonstrates that liver injury involves complex inter-orga...Dysfunction of drug transporters significantly affects therapeutic outcomes and drug efficacy in patients with liver injury.Clinical and experimental evidence demonstrates that liver injury involves complex inter-organ interactions among the brain,eye,liver,intestine,and kidney.Recent advances in basic and clinical research have illuminated the physiologic and molecular mechanisms underlying transporter alterations in liver injury,particularly those associated with bilirubin,reactive oxygen species,ammonia,bile acid,and inflammatory factors.Notably,the influence of these transporter modifications on drug pharmacokinetics in liver injury patients remains inadequately understood.Additional research is necessary to fully comprehend these effects and their therapeutic implications.The documented alterations of transporters in distant organs across various liver diseases indicate that dosage modifications may be required when administering transporter-substrate drugs,including both traditional Chinese and Western medicines,to patients with liver dysfunction.This strategy helps maintain drug concentrations within therapeutic ranges while reducing adverse reactions.Furthermore,when utilizing transporter inducers or inhibitors clinically,consideration of their long-term effects on transporters and subsequent therapeutic impact is essential.Careful attention must be paid to avoid compromising the elimination of toxic metabolites and proteins when inhibiting these transporters.Similarly,prudent use of inducers or inducertype therapeutic drugs is necessary to prevent enhanced drug resistance.This review examines recent clinical and experimental findings regarding the inter-organ interaction of drug transporters in liver injury conditions and their clinical relevance.展开更多
Grain weight is a major determinant of crop grain yield and is controlled by naturally occurring quantitative trait loci （QTLs）. We earlier identified a major QTL that controls rice grain width and weight, GW5, whic...Grain weight is a major determinant of crop grain yield and is controlled by naturally occurring quantitative trait loci （QTLs）. We earlier identified a major QTL that controls rice grain width and weight, GW5, which was mapped to a recombination hotspot on rice chromosome 5. To gain a better understanding of how GW5 controls rice grain width, we conducted fine mapping of this locus and uncovered a 1 212-bp deletion associated with the increased grain width in the rice cultivar Asominori, in comparison with the slender grain rice IR24. In addition, genotyping analyses of 46 rice cultivars revealed that this deletion is highly correlated with the grain-width phenotype, suggesting that the GW5 deletion might have been selected during rice domestication. GW5 encodes a novel nuclear protein of 144 amino acids that is localized to the nucleus. Furthermore, we show that GW5 physically interacts with polyubiquitin in a yeast two-hybrid assay. Together, our results suggest that GW5 represents a major QTL underlying rice width and weight, and that it likely acts in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway to regulate cell division during seed development. This study provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms controlling rice grain development and suggests that GW5 could serve as a potential tool for high-yield breeding of crops.展开更多
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation Innovation Group Project of Hubei Province(2023AFA044)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52222405)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Research Project of Education Department of Hubei Province(Q20221505)the China Postdoctoral Science(2023M731041)。
文摘In order to reveal the effect of 2-hydroxy-3-naphthyl hydroxamic acid(H205)on the flotation behavior and action mechanism of bastnaesite,single-mineral flotation experiments of bastnaesite were conducted.The flotation recovery of bastnaesites can be achieved more than 90%when the aeration rate is 40 mL/min,the rotational speed is 200 r/min,the H205 dosage is 120 mg/L,and the pulp pH ranges from 7 to 9.The action mechanism of H205 on the surface of bastnaesite was studied by simultaneous thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry(TG-DSC),Zeta potential measurements,Fourier transform-infrared spectra(FT-IR)and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).These analysis results show that under suitable flotation conditions,H205 has an obvious adsorption phenomenon on the surface of bastnaesite.The adsorption involves electrostatic interactions and chemical interactions,namely H205 has a strong collecting ability of bastnaesite due to the synergism of electrostatic adsorption and chemical adsorption.This study systematically reveals the flotation behavior and adsorption mechanism of H205 on the surface of bastnaesite,and provides useful theoretical guidance for efficient flotation separation of bastnaesite.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22273101,22125303,92361302,22373102,21327901,and 22288201)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(2020187)+3 种基金the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(2021Z D0303304)the International Partnership Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(121421KYSB20170012)the Scientific Instrument Developing Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(GJJS TD20220001)Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics(DICP I202437).
文摘Transition metals(TMs)are widely recognized for their valuable catalytic properties in various fields,from environmental protection to industrial application[1].Recently,there has been increasing interest in catalysts containing late TMs,particularly noble metals such as osmium,iridium and platinum.For instance,some studies have demonstrated that the Os atom serves as metal centers that coordinates alkanes,enabling the activation of C-H bonds in the first step[2].Characterization of the geometric and electronic structures of TM catalysts is essential for exploring the structure-reactivity relationship and elucidating complex mechanisms.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22125303,92361302,92061203,22103082,22273101,22288201,and 21327901)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFA1400501)+3 种基金the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(No.2021ZD0303304)Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics(No.DICPI202437)Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.GJJSTD20220001)the International Partnership Program of CAS(No.121421KYSB20170012)。
文摘It is highly challenging to precisely compare the impacts of anthropogenic pollutants on the photooxidation of isomeric volatile organic compounds with respect to molecular compositions and particle number/mass concentrations of secondary organic aerosols(SOAs).In this study,we conducted a series of well-defined indoor chamber experiments to compare the effects of NO_(x)(NO and NO_(2))on the photooxidation of isomeric monoterpenes ofβ-pinene and limonene.For the photooxidation ofβ-pinene with NO_(x),the increase of the initial concentrations of NO([NO]_(0))shows a monotonous suppression of the particle mass concentration,whereas the increase of[NO_(2)]_(0) shows a monotonous enhancement of the particle mass concentration.For the photooxidation of limonene with NO_(x),the increase of[NO]_(0) exhibits a monotonous suppression of the particle mass concentration,whereas the increase of[NO_(2)]_(0) shows a parabolic trend of the particle mass concentration.Utilizing a newly developed vacuum ultraviolet free electron laser(VUV-FEL),the online threshold photoionization mass spectrometry reveals a series of novel compounds at molecular weight(MW)=232 and 306 for theβ-pinene+NO_(x) system and MW=187,261,280,and 306 for the limonene+NO_(x) system.The molecular structures and formation pathways of these species were inferred,which led to the prediction of the diversity and difference of SOA products(i.e.,ester and peroxide accretion products)formed from different monoterpene precursors.To improve the predictions of future air quality,it is recommended that climate models should incorporate the NO_(x)-driven diurnal photooxidation of monoterpenes for SOA formation mechanisms.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.92361302,22125303,92061203,and 22288201)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFA1400501)+2 种基金the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(No.2021ZD0303304)Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics(No.DICP DCLS201702)Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.GJJSTD20220001).
文摘Elucidating the mutual effects between the different volatile organic compounds(VOCs)is crucial for comprehending the formation mechanism of atmospheric secondary organic aerosols(SOA).Here,the mixed VOCs experiments of isoprene and△^(3)-carene/β-caryophyllene were carried out in the presence of O_(3)using an indoor smog chamber.The suppression effect of isoprene was recognized by the scanning mobility particle sizer spectrometer,online vacuum ultraviolet free electron laser(VUV-FEL)photoionization aerosol mass spectrometry,and quantum chemical calculations.The results indicate that the suppression effect of isoprene on the ozonolysis of△^(3)-carene andβ-caryophyllene shows fluctuating and monotonous trends,respectively.The carbon content of the precursor could be themain factor for regulating the strength of the suppression effect.Plausible structures and formation mechanisms of several new products generated from the single VOC precursor and VOC-cross-reaction are proposed,which enrich the category of VOC oxidation products.Meanwhile,a new dimerization mechanism of the RO_(2)+R’O_(2)reaction is suggested,which offers an intriguing perspective on the gas phase formation process of particle phase accretion products.The present findings provide valuable insights into clarifying the pivotal roles played by isoprene in the interplay between different VOCs and understanding of SOA formation mechanisms of VOC mixtures,especially nearby the emission origins.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Nos.2021YFC3200904,and 2022YFC3203705)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.52070184,and 52270012)the Nanning Scientific Research and Technology Development Project (No.ZC20223238).
文摘Sedimentation sludge water(SSW),a prominent constituent of wastewater from drinking water treatment plants,has received limited attention in terms of its treatment and utilization likely due to the perceived difficulties associated with managing SSW sludge.This study comprehensively evaluated the water quality of SSW by comparing it to a well-documented wastewater(filter backwash water(FBW)).Furthermore,it investigated the pollutant variations in the SSW during pre-sedimentation process,probed the underlying reaction mechanism,and explored the feasibility of employing a pilot-scale coagulation-sedimentation process for SSW treatment.The levels of most water quality parameters were generally comparable between SSW and FBW.During the pre-sedimentation of SSW,significant removal of turbidity,bacterial counts,and dissolved organic matter(DOM)was observed.The characterization of DOM components,molecular weight distributions,and optical properties revealed that the macromolecular proteinaceous biopolymers and humic acids were preferentially removed.The characterization of particulates indicated that high surface energy,zeta potential,and bridging/adsorption/sedimentation/coagulation capacities in aluminum residuals of SSW,underscoring its potential as a coagulant and promoting the generation and sedimentation of inorganic-organic complexes.The coagulation-sedimentation process could effectively remove pollutants from low-turbidity SSW([turbidity]0<15 NTU).These findings provide valuable insights into the water quality dynamics of SSW during the pre-sedimentation process,facilitating the development of SSW quality management and enhancing its reuse rate.
基金supported by Henan Province Key Research and Development and Promotion of Science and Technology Project(No.25A150001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22409171,22125303,92361302,and 92061203).
文摘Single-atom catalysts(SACs),as the rising stars in the field of catalytic science,are leading catalytic technology into an un-precedented new era.However,the synthe-sis of high-performance SACs with well-de-fined active sites and high loadings under precise control has become a hotly debated topic in scientific research.Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),with their exceptional properties such as ultrahigh specific surface areas,precisely controllable structural de-signs,and highly flexible functional cus-tomization capabilities,are regarded as one of the ideal matrices for supporting and sta-bilizing SACs.This review provides an in-sightful overview of the diverse preparation strategies for MOFs-derived SACs.It comprehen-sively analyzes the unique advantages and challenges of each method in achieving efficient synthesis of SACs,emphasizing the crucial role of optimized processes in unlocking the antici-pated performance of SACs.Furthermore,this review delves into a series of advanced charac-terization techniques,including aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron mi-croscopy(AC-STEM),electron energy loss spectroscopy(EELS),X-ray absorption spec-troscopy(XAS),and infrared absorption spectroscopy(IRAS),offering valuable insights into the atomic-scale fine structures and properties of SACs,significantly advancing the under-standing of SAC mechanisms.Moreover,this review focuses on exploring the potential appli-cations of MOFs-derived SACs in electrocatalysis frontier fields.This comprehensive exami-nation lays a solid theoretical foundation and provides a directional guidance for the rational design and controllable synthesis of high-performance MOFs-derived SACs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(No.72304007)the Huatong Guokang Medical Research Fund(No.2023HT010)。
文摘Mycophenolic acid(MPA),the active moiety of both mycophenolate mofetil(MMF)and enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium(EC-MPS),serves as a primary immunosuppressant for maintaining solid organ transplants.Therapeutic drug monitoring(TDM)enhances treatment outcomes through tailored approaches.This study aimed to develop an evidence-based guideline for MPA TDM,facilitating its rational application in clinical settings.The guideline plan was drawn from the Institute of Medicine and World Health Organization(WHO)guidelines.Using the Delphi method,clinical questions and outcome indicators were generated.Systematic reviews,Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development,and Evaluation(GRADE)evidence quality evaluations,expert opinions,and patient values guided evidence-based suggestions for the guideline.External reviews further refined the recommendations.The guideline for the TDM of MPA(IPGRP-2020CN099)consists of four sections and 16 recommendations encompassing target populations,monitoring strategies,dosage regimens,and influencing factors.High-risk populations,timing of TDM,area under the curve(AUC)versus trough concentration(C0),target concentration ranges,monitoring frequency,and analytical methods are addressed.Formulation-specific recommendations,initial dosage regimens,populations with unique considerations,pharmacokinetic-informed dosing,body weight factors,pharmacogenetics,and drug–drug interactions are covered.The evidence-based guideline offers a comprehensive recommendation for solid organ transplant recipients undergoing MPA therapy,promoting standardization of MPA TDM,and enhancing treatment efficacy and safety.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2021QB215)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22273101,22125303,92061203,21327901,and 22288201)+2 种基金Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics(No.DICP I202437)the Talent Induction Program for Youth Innovation Teams in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province(No.2022-2024)the Talent Introduction Research Start-up Funds of Ludong University(No.20212026)。
文摘A series of heteronuclear yttrium-nickel monoxide carbonyl complexes YNiO(CO)_(n)^(-)(n=1-5)were generated in a pulsed-laser vaporization source and characterized by mass-selected photoelectron velocity-map spectroscopy combined with theoretical calculations.CO ligand-mediated reactivity in CO oxidation of yttrium-nickel monoxide carbonyl complexes was experimentally and theoretically identified.During the consecutive CO adsorption,aμ^(2)-O linear structure was most favorable for YNiO(CO)_(n)^(-)(n=1,2),then a structure in which the terminal O was bonded to the Y atom became favored for YNiO(CO)_(3)^(-),and finally a structure bearing a CO_(2)moiety was most favorable for YNiO(CO)_(n)^(-)(n=4,5).Theoretical calculations indicated that the Ni atom acted as an electron acceptor and accumulated electron density at n≤3,and then served as an electron donor along with the Y atom to contribute electron density in the rearrangement that accompanied CO oxidation at n>3.
基金supported by the Shanghai Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project(B2024003)the Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(2023ZKZD05)the Shanghai Oriental Talent(Rural Revitalization)Top Talent Project(T2023102).
文摘Global climate change seriously threatens food security.To address this challenge,breeders have achieved remarkable results using multiple breeding strategies and technologies.In recent years,the application of biomolecular condensates to crop improvement has remained in its early stages.Nevertheless,growing evidence indicates their crucial roles in regulating crop development and stress adaptation.This review synthesizes recent advances in understanding biomolecular condensate functions across key plant developmental phases and their regulatory roles in abiotic and biotic stress responses.The regulatory mechanisms associated with these condensates primarily encompass transcriptional regulation,RNA processing and metabolism,translational control,and membrane organelle biogenesis,collectively establishing a solid theoretical foundation for agricultural molecular breeding.In the final section,we discuss the potential applications and challenges of biomolecular condensates in crop improvement.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China[grants 2021YFA1302602]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grants 21925406,21991082,21921004]the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB0540000 and YSBR-068).
文摘Although the parallel incorporation of fluorinated aromatic amino acids(FAAAs)into proteins has been explored since 2010,the corresponding ^(19)F NMR investigation has been lacking to date.To assess the potential of the parallel incorporation of FAAAs in studies of protein structure,dynamics and interactions,we examine the protein yields,fluorine incorporation efficiencies,and ^(19)F NMR spectra upon simultaneously incorporating FAAAs including 3-fluorotyrosine(3FY),4-fluorophenylalanine(4FF)and 5-fluorotryptophan(5FW)into two model proteins:the structured protein GB1 domain(GB1)and the intrinsically disordered protein a-synuclein(a-syn).We found that the simultaneous incorporation of 3FY and 5FW achieved higher efficiency than combinations of 4FF and 5FW,4FF and 3FY,or 3FY,4FF and 5FW.Moreover,incorporating more types of FAAAs leads to a reduction in overall yield.The ^(19)F spectra of 3FY,4FF and 5FW residues in α-syn and GB1 exhibited good dispersion of chemical shifts.However,the GB1 spectrum showed complexity due to incomplete fluorination and interactions within aromatic cluster.This complexity could be significantly reduced by supplementing the medium with natural aromatic amino acids.To validate the advantage of ^(19)F NMR spectrum,we use 3FY-4FF-5FW-F94W-α-syn to investigate the interaction between α-syn and sodium dodecyl sulphate(SDS)micelle.Our study demonstrates that ^(19)F NMR spectroscopy of proteins with parallel incorporation of FAAAs provides a valuable tool for investigating protein conformation,dynamics and interactions.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82173884).
文摘Dysfunction of drug transporters significantly affects therapeutic outcomes and drug efficacy in patients with liver injury.Clinical and experimental evidence demonstrates that liver injury involves complex inter-organ interactions among the brain,eye,liver,intestine,and kidney.Recent advances in basic and clinical research have illuminated the physiologic and molecular mechanisms underlying transporter alterations in liver injury,particularly those associated with bilirubin,reactive oxygen species,ammonia,bile acid,and inflammatory factors.Notably,the influence of these transporter modifications on drug pharmacokinetics in liver injury patients remains inadequately understood.Additional research is necessary to fully comprehend these effects and their therapeutic implications.The documented alterations of transporters in distant organs across various liver diseases indicate that dosage modifications may be required when administering transporter-substrate drugs,including both traditional Chinese and Western medicines,to patients with liver dysfunction.This strategy helps maintain drug concentrations within therapeutic ranges while reducing adverse reactions.Furthermore,when utilizing transporter inducers or inhibitors clinically,consideration of their long-term effects on transporters and subsequent therapeutic impact is essential.Careful attention must be paid to avoid compromising the elimination of toxic metabolites and proteins when inhibiting these transporters.Similarly,prudent use of inducers or inducertype therapeutic drugs is necessary to prevent enhanced drug resistance.This review examines recent clinical and experimental findings regarding the inter-organ interaction of drug transporters in liver injury conditions and their clinical relevance.
文摘Grain weight is a major determinant of crop grain yield and is controlled by naturally occurring quantitative trait loci （QTLs）. We earlier identified a major QTL that controls rice grain width and weight, GW5, which was mapped to a recombination hotspot on rice chromosome 5. To gain a better understanding of how GW5 controls rice grain width, we conducted fine mapping of this locus and uncovered a 1 212-bp deletion associated with the increased grain width in the rice cultivar Asominori, in comparison with the slender grain rice IR24. In addition, genotyping analyses of 46 rice cultivars revealed that this deletion is highly correlated with the grain-width phenotype, suggesting that the GW5 deletion might have been selected during rice domestication. GW5 encodes a novel nuclear protein of 144 amino acids that is localized to the nucleus. Furthermore, we show that GW5 physically interacts with polyubiquitin in a yeast two-hybrid assay. Together, our results suggest that GW5 represents a major QTL underlying rice width and weight, and that it likely acts in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway to regulate cell division during seed development. This study provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms controlling rice grain development and suggests that GW5 could serve as a potential tool for high-yield breeding of crops.
