The development of stretchable conductors with high deformation,conductivity,and thermal conductivity using liquid metal(LM)has sparked widespread interest in the fields of flexible electronics,electromagnetic interfe...The development of stretchable conductors with high deformation,conductivity,and thermal conductivity using liquid metal(LM)has sparked widespread interest in the fields of flexible electronics,electromagnetic interference(EMI),and multifunctional materi-als.However,fabricating desirable shielding materials by directly coating LMs on soft polymer substrates remains a challenge because of the huge surface tension and weak wettability of LMs.In this study,Ga-based composite paste is prepared from a mixture of Ga and dia-mond nonmetallic particles through ultrasonic fragmentation.At various temperatures,the resulting LM composite putty(LMP)exhibits soft and hard properties and can thus be molded into specific shapes according to application needs.In addition,the composite can be eas-ily coated onto polymer substrates,such as thermoplastic polyurethane(TPU)elastomer.The fabricated LMP–TPU exhibits an impress-ive shape deformation capacity of 1100%,demonstrating exceptional tensile properties and achieving electromagnetic interference–shielding effectiveness of up to 52 dB.Furthermore,it retains an ultrahigh conductivity of 20000 S/m,even under a strain of 600%.This feature further makes it a highly competitive multifunctional material.展开更多
First-Input-First-Output (FIFO) buffers are extensively used in contemporary digital processors and System-on-Chips (SoC). There are synchronous FIFOs and asycnrhonous FIFOs. And different sized FIFOs should be implem...First-Input-First-Output (FIFO) buffers are extensively used in contemporary digital processors and System-on-Chips (SoC). There are synchronous FIFOs and asycnrhonous FIFOs. And different sized FIFOs should be implemented in different ways. FIFOs are used not only for the pipeline design within a processor, for the inter-processor communication networks, for example Network-on-Chips (NoCs), but also for the peripherals and the clock domain crossing at the whole SoC level. In this paper, we review the interface, the circuit implementation, and the various usages of FIFOs in various levels of the digital design. We can find that the usage of FIFOs could greatly facilitate the signal storage, signal decoupling, signal transfer, power domain separation and power domain crossing in digital systems. We hope that more attentions are paid to the usages of synchronous and asynchronous FIFOs and more sophististicated usages are discovered by the digital design communities.展开更多
Liquid metal(LM)and liquid metal alloys(LMs)possess unique physicochemical features,which have become emerging and functionalized materials that are attractive applicants in various fields.Herein,uniform LM nanodrople...Liquid metal(LM)and liquid metal alloys(LMs)possess unique physicochemical features,which have become emerging and functionalized materials that are attractive applicants in various fields.Herein,uniform LM nanodroplets armored by carbon dots(LMD@CDs)were prepared and exhibited high colloidal stability in various solvents,as well as water.After optimization,LMD@CDs can be applied as functional additives for the 3D/4D printing of hydrogel and cross-linked resin through digital light processing(DLP).The light absorption of LMD@CDs not only improved the printing accuracy,but also led to the cross-linking density differential during the post-curing process.Base on the cross-linking density differential of soft hydrogel and photothermal performance of the LM,the 3D printed objects can exhibit stimulus responses to both water and laser irradiation.Additionally,the CDs shell and LM core of LMD@CDs provide the printed objects interesting photoluminescence and electric conductivity capabilities,respectively.We deduce this versatile 3D/4D printing system would provide a new platform for the preparation of multi-functional and stimuli-responsive advance materials.展开更多
Persimmon leaf flavonoid has been shown to enhance brain ischemic tolerance in mice, but its mechanism of action remains unclear. The bilateral common carotid arteries were occluded using a micro clip to block blood f...Persimmon leaf flavonoid has been shown to enhance brain ischemic tolerance in mice, but its mechanism of action remains unclear. The bilateral common carotid arteries were occluded using a micro clip to block blood flow for 10 minutes. After 10 minutes of ischemic preconditioning, 200,100, and 50 mg/kg persimmon leaf flavonoid or 20 mg/kg ginaton was intragastrically administered per day for 5 days. At 1 hour after the final administration, ischemia/reperfusion models were estab- lished by blocking the middle cerebral artery for 2 hours. At 24 hours after model establishment, compared with cerebral ischemic rats without ischemic preconditioning or drug intervention, plasma endothelin, thrombomodulin and yon Willebrand factor levels significantly decreased and intercel- lular adhesion molecule-1 expression markedly reduced in brain tissue from rats with ischemic pre- conditioning. Simultaneously, brain tissue injury reduced. Ischemic preconditioning combined with drug exposure noticeably improved the effects of the above-mentioned indices, and the effects of 200 mg/kg persimmon leaf flavonoid were similar to 20 mg/kg ginaton treatment. These results indicate that ischemic preconditioning produces tolerance to recurrent severe cerebral ischemia. However, persimmon leaf flavonoid can elevate ischemic tolerance by reducing inflammatory reactions and vascular endothelial injury. High-dose persimmon leaf flavonoid showed an identical effect to ginaton.展开更多
AIM： To investigate the correlation between systemic hemodynamics and splanchnic circulation in recipients with cirrhosis undergoing living-donor liver transplantation （LDLT）, and to clarify how systemic hemodynami...AIM： To investigate the correlation between systemic hemodynamics and splanchnic circulation in recipients with cirrhosis undergoing living-donor liver transplantation （LDLT）, and to clarify how systemic hemodynamics impact on local graft circulation after LDLT.METHODS： Systemic hemodynamics, indocyanine green （ICG） elimination rate （K,cG） and splanchnic circulation were simultaneously and non-invasively investigated by pulse dye densitometry （PDD） and ultrasound. Accurate estimators of optimal systemic hyperdynamics after LDLT [i.e., balance of cardiac output （CO） to blood volume （BV） and mean transit time （MTT）, defined as the time required for half the administered ICG to pass through an attached PDD sensor in the first circulation] were also measured. Thirty recipients with cirrhosis were divided into two groups based on clinical outcomes corresponding to postoperative graft function.RESULTS： Cirrhotic systemic hyperdynamics characterized by high CO, expanded BV and low total peripheral resistance （TPR） were observed before LDLT. TPR reflecting cirrhotic vascular alterations was slowly restored after LDLT in both groups. Although no significant temporal differences in TPR were detected between the two groups, CO/BV and M＇IT differed significantly. Recipients with good outcomes showed persistent cirrhotic systemic hyperdynamics after LDLT, whereas recipients with poor outcomes presented with unstable cirrhotic systemic hyperdynamics and severely decreased KICG. Systemic hyperdynamic disorders after LDLT impacted on portal venous flow but not hepatic arterial flow.CONCLUSION： We conclude that subtle systemic hyperdynamics disorders impact on splanchnic circulation, and that an imbalance between CO and BV decreases portal venous flow, which results in critical outcomes.展开更多
The persimmon leaf has been shown to improve cerebral ischemic outcomes; however, its mechanism of action remains unclear. In this study, mice were subjected to 10 minutes of ischemic preconditioning, and persimmon le...The persimmon leaf has been shown to improve cerebral ischemic outcomes; however, its mechanism of action remains unclear. In this study, mice were subjected to 10 minutes of ischemic preconditioning, and persimmon leaf flavonoid was orally administered for 5 days. Results showed that the persimmon leaf fiavonoid significantly improved the content of tissue type plasminogen activator and 6-keto prostaglandin-F1 a in the cerebral cortex, decreased the content of thromboxane B2, and reduced the content of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in mice. Following optical microscopy, persimmon leaf flavonoid was also shown to reduce cell swelling and nuclear hyperchromatism in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of mice. These results suggested that persimmon leaf fiavonoid can effectively inhibit brain thrombosis, improve blood supply to the brain and relieve ischemia-induced pathological damage, resulting in brain ischemic tolerance.展开更多
In this study,diltiazem hydrochloride(DTZ)pellets were prepared successfully by extrusionespheronization method.Then methacrylic acid and ethylcellulose coating formulations were employed to make the DTZ pellets sus...In this study,diltiazem hydrochloride(DTZ)pellets were prepared successfully by extrusionespheronization method.Then methacrylic acid and ethylcellulose coating formulations were employed to make the DTZ pellets sustained release.The pellets with different coatings were investigated by in vitro dissolution tests.At last,the pellets with the best coating copolymer were subjected to pharmacokinetic studies in beagle dogs.The dissolution profiles of pellets coated with EudragitNE30D were similar to Herbesser,one of the marketed sustained release capsules.In the bioavailability study,the principal pharmacokinetic parameters of self-made pellets and the marketed ones were comparable;the relative bioavailability of DTZ sustained release capsules compared with Herbesserwas 98.536.4%.All the data indicated self-made sustained pellets could prolong the release of DTZ,decrease the fluctuation of drug level in vivo,and increase the compliance of patients.展开更多
After the first observation of the immunosuppressive effects of ultraviolet(UV) irradiation was reported in 1974, therapeutic modification of immune responses by UV irradiation began to be investigated in the context ...After the first observation of the immunosuppressive effects of ultraviolet(UV) irradiation was reported in 1974, therapeutic modification of immune responses by UV irradiation began to be investigated in the context immunization. UV-induced immunosuppression is via the action of regulatory T cells(Tregs). Antigen-specific Tregs were induced by high-dose UV-B irradiation before antigen immunization in many studies, as it was considered that functional alteration and/or modulation of antigen-presenting cells by UV irradiation was required for the induction of antigen-specific immunosuppression. However, it is also reported that UV irradiation after immunization induces antigen-specific Tregs. UV-induced Tregs are also dominantly transferable, with interleukin-10 being important for UV-induced immunosuppression. Currently, various possible mechanisms involving Treg phenotype and cytokine profile have been suggested. UV irradiation accompanied by alloantigen immunization induces alloantigen-specific transferable Tregs, which have potential therapeutic applications in the transplantation field. Here we review the current status of UV-induced antigen-specific immunosuppression on the 40th anniversary of its discovery.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to construct high-yielding,high-quality,and high-light-efficiency population structures of different types of rice varieties.[Methods]The effects of plant spacing,row spacing and s...[Objectives]This study was conducted to construct high-yielding,high-quality,and high-light-efficiency population structures of different types of rice varieties.[Methods]The effects of plant spacing,row spacing and seedling number allocation on stems and tillers,leaf area and dynamic traits of high-yielding rice populations(more than 9750 kg/hm^(2))and low-yielding populations(less than 9750 kg/hm^(2))were studied by two kinds of representative rice varieties with different tiller ability and panicle sizes in cold regions.[Results]Decreasing the plant and row spacing and increasing the number of planted seedlings per hole advanced the heading date and made the number of stems and tillers in the population increase.The impact on the super rice variety with fewer tillers and heavier panicles was greater than that of conventional variety with more tillers and lighter panicles.The stems and tillers of the high-yielding high-quality populations grew steadily in the early stage of development,until an appropriate number of panicles was reached at the critical leaf age for productive tillers(June 25),and the peak seedlings should appear in the jointing stage(July 9)with a small number(that value of Longjing 21,the super rice variety with fewer tillers and heavier panicles,was about 1.2 times the expected panicle number,and that of the conventional variety with more tillers and lighter panicles,Kongyu 131,was about 1.1 times the expected panicle number).The populations gradually declined since then,until reaching an appropriate number of panicles at the heading stage.The high-yielding high-quality populations had a higher leaf area index at the heading stage.The value of Longjing 21,the super rice variety with fewer tiller and heavier panicles,reached about 6.0,and that of Kongyu 131,the conventional variety with more tillers and lighter panicles,reached about 4.5.The values decreased thereafter.At the maturation stage,the leaf area index of Longjing 21 remained above 2.5,and that of Kongyu 131 remained above 2.0.[Conclusions]This study has an important guiding role and significance for their high-yielding and high-quality supporting cultivation in cold regions.展开更多
A 74-year-old woman presented with symptoms consistent with hyperadrenocorticism and hyperca- techolaminism. She had a cushingoid appearance and her cortisol level was elevated. Her serum dopamine and noradrenalin lev...A 74-year-old woman presented with symptoms consistent with hyperadrenocorticism and hyperca- techolaminism. She had a cushingoid appearance and her cortisol level was elevated. Her serum dopamine and noradrenalin levels were also elevated. Computed tomography detected a left adrenal mass measuring 3.5 cm x 3.0 cm in diameter. Metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy was negative. Unexpectedly, the serum Serum carcinoembryonic antigen （CEA） level waselevated. Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography showed increased uptake in the adrenal tumor only, with a maximum standardized uptake value of 2.8. Selective venography and blood sampling revealed that the concentrations of cortisol, catecholamines and CEA were significantly elevated in the vein draining the tumor. A diagnosis of CEA-producing benign adenoma was made. After preoperative management, we performed a combined lateral and anterior transpedtoneal laparoscopic adrenectomy. Her vital signs remained stable during surgery. Histopathological examination revealed a benign adenoma. Her cortisol, catecholamine and CEA levels normalized immediately after surgery. We present, to the best of our knowledge, the first case of CEA-producing adrenal adenoma, along with a review of the relevant literature, and discuss our laparoscopic surgery techniques.展开更多
In order to clarify the water-saving technologies and standards in large-scale mechanized production of paddy fields, the water-saving effects and cost-benefit situations of paddy field steeping, seedling transplantin...In order to clarify the water-saving technologies and standards in large-scale mechanized production of paddy fields, the water-saving effects and cost-benefit situations of paddy field steeping, seedling transplanting and different land preparation methods were studied. The results showed that the suitable water layer height for the closing period of mechanized operation was 10 cm, which could save water, facilitate weed control, and lead to better effect and the highest yield. The treatment with a water layer height of 1 cm(Huadashui) for the seedling planting operation achieved better quality of seedling transplanting, lower vacancy rate and higher yield and was water-saving. From the perspective of saving water and taking into account the cost of land preparation, the method of steeping and beating the field was better than the method of plowing in autumn and rotary tillage and harrowing in spring, but it was very prone to lodging. From the perspective of high yield creation, the method of plowing in autumn and rotary tillage and harrowing in spring was significantly better than the method of steeping and beating the field. In order to reduce the cost of land preparation, it is recommended to change the way of plowing in autumn and rotary tillage and hallowing in spring to plowing in autumn and rotary tillage in spring or plowing and hallowing in spring to reduce the cost of one time of rotary tillage, and to simultaneously realize deeper plough layer, which is conducive to preventing lodging and obtaining high yield.展开更多
Objectives: To evaluate the impact of external-care-seeking, explore the framework to regulate patients’ seeking doctor behavior and to promote better medical resources allocation. Methods: Obtaining data from regula...Objectives: To evaluate the impact of external-care-seeking, explore the framework to regulate patients’ seeking doctor behavior and to promote better medical resources allocation. Methods: Obtaining data from regular reports from public medical institutions in Shanghai, comparing patients who seek doctors from out-of-Shanghai residence and local patients with insurance in terms of the quantity of service, types of diseases, medical expenses, etc. Results: External-care-seeking has a large quantity, especially in hospitalization. In 2012, the number of discharged population from out-of-Shanghai accounted for 22.74% of the total discharged number, the proportion even higher than 30% in tertiary hospitals. Tertiary hospitals have a significant attraction effect, concentrating 59.42% of the outpatient and emergency visits and 71.82% of the amount of hospitalization, with corresponding cost of 75.86% and 82.56%. The top three divisions in tertiary hospitals for external-care-seeking were surgical, obstetrics and gynecology, internal medicine. Based on the interview, admitting out-of-shanghai patients is conducive to the improvement of the technical level of hospitals, and to the enhancement of the utilization efficiency of health resource. However, the local residents may have less accessibility of high quality of medical service. The average expense of external-care-seeking is higher than that of local patients happened in the same level of hospitals. Conclusions: External-care-seeking will have a more far-reaching impact on the health care system in Shanghai;some interventions might be necessary, such as rationally allocating medical resources based on the estimates of external-care-seeking and establishing a medical service supervision mechanism.展开更多
Interbody fusion devices are critical in spinal surgery to restore spinal stability,reduce pain and improve function.Polyetheretherketone(PEEK)has become a commonly used alternative material for fusion cages owing to ...Interbody fusion devices are critical in spinal surgery to restore spinal stability,reduce pain and improve function.Polyetheretherketone(PEEK)has become a commonly used alternative material for fusion cages owing to its excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility,but its biological inertness limits bone regeneration and may lead to poor fusion.In this study,a novel strategy for preparing bioactive biomineralized PEEK cages was developed using a unique combination of osteoinductive CaP bioceramic fillings in the cage window,acid sulfonation and simulated body fluid incubation.In vitro experiments showed that biomineralized PEEK cages and CaP bioceramics regulate immunity and promote angiogenesis and bone integration via activation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha and cyclic guanosine monophosphate/protein kinase G signaling pathways.In vivo goat spinal fusion experiments demonstrated that PEEK cages filled with CaP bioceramics resulted in good bone growth and spinal fusion.Therefore,the high mechanical strength and good biocompatibility of biomineralized PEEK cages,together with the excellent bioactivity and degradation properties of CaP bioceramics,provide an ideal microenvironment for bone fusion.The development of this composite material not only addresses some of the limitations of existing fusion devices but also will facilitate the development of spinal fusion technology.展开更多
Biomass-based supramolecular hydrogels are widely used in the biomedical field due to their favorable biocompatibility and outstanding mechanical properties.However,the preparation of injectable polysaccharide-based h...Biomass-based supramolecular hydrogels are widely used in the biomedical field due to their favorable biocompatibility and outstanding mechanical properties.However,the preparation of injectable polysaccharide-based hydrogels has proven to be a significant challenge.Here we have employed a simple poor-solvent strategy to prepare alginate supramolecular hydrogels via a hierarchical self-assembly process,including micellization,micelles alignment to form nanofilament,and nanofibrils formation.The alginate supramolecular fibrillar hydrogels exhibit excellent mechanical properties and shear recoverability,meeting the requirements of injectable hydrogels.Furthermore,the presence of alginate and its fibrillar structures imparts superb hemostasis properties and the inherent biocompatibility to these hydrogels.Therefore,this simple and intriguing approach has the potential to develop polysaccharide-based hydrogels for hemostasis in wound within the biomedical fields.展开更多
The ordered membrane electrode assembly(MEA)has gained much attention because of its potential in improving mass transfer.Here,a comprehensive study was conducted on the influence of the patterned microporous layer(MP...The ordered membrane electrode assembly(MEA)has gained much attention because of its potential in improving mass transfer.Here,a comprehensive study was conducted on the influence of the patterned microporous layer(MPL)on the proton exchange membrane fuel cell performances.When patterned MPL is employed,grooves are generated between the catalyst layer and the gas diffusion layer.It is found that the grooves do not increase the contact resistance,and it is beneficial for water retention.When the MEA works under low humidity scenarios,the MEA with patterned MPL illustrated higher performance,due to the reduced inner resistance caused by improved water retention,leading to increased ionic conductivity.However,when the humidity is higher than 80%or working under high current density,the generated water accumulated in the grooves and hindered the oxygen mass transport,leading to a reduced MEA performance.展开更多
As the core device of all-solid-state laser,infrared(IR)nonlinear optical(NLO)material plays a critical role in exploring new coherent lights by frequency conversion technologies,which are widely used in noninvasive m...As the core device of all-solid-state laser,infrared(IR)nonlinear optical(NLO)material plays a critical role in exploring new coherent lights by frequency conversion technologies,which are widely used in noninvasive medical diagnostics,spectroscopy,environmental monitoring and long-distance laser communication.To satisfy the growing demand of current laser technology in IR regions,high performance NLO materials with large second-harmonic generation(SHG)response,high laser-induced damage threshold(LIDT)and wide transparency range are highly expected.Recently,numerous efforts and advances have been achieved in sulfide system.This review highlights the progress of high-performance sulfide IR NLO materials with a good balance between strong SHG response(≥1.0×AgGaS_(2))and wide band gap(≥3.0 eV)since 2018.The chemical synthesis,crystal structure,optical properties and structure-property relationship of 13 high performance metal sulfide IR NLO materials are summarized and reviewed in detail.Finally,the potential opportunities and challenges in IR NLO materials are discussed.展开更多
Infrared(IR)birefringent materials with large optical anisotropy and wide transparency range are important for efficient light manipulation in various IR optical devices.Herein,two new IR birefringent materials AMgGeS...Infrared(IR)birefringent materials with large optical anisotropy and wide transparency range are important for efficient light manipulation in various IR optical devices.Herein,two new IR birefringent materials AMgGeSe_(3)(A=Li,Na)with large optical anisotropy were rationally designed by a rigid octahedron and flexible dimer combined strategy and fabricated in experiment.The introduction of rigid[LiSe_(6)]/[NaSe_(6)]and[MgSe_(6)]octahedra effectively regulates the geometry and arrangement of the flexible[Ge2Se6]dimers,resulting in the birefringence as large as 0.334@1,064 nm in LiMgGeSe_(3) and 0.445@1,064 nm(the largest one in the reported[Ge_(2)Se_(6)]dimer-contained selenides)in NaMgGeSe_(3).Density functional theory(DFT)calculations and statistical analyses highlight the influence of polarizability anisotropy,density,arrangement of units,as well as layer distance on birefringence.The results indicate that AMgGeSe_(3)(A=Li,Na)crystals are the promising IR birefringent materials and it gives an insight into the exploration of new IR birefringent materials with large birefringence based on the clamping effect from rigid groups.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52271167 and U21A2064)the Key Program of Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province,China(No.242300421188)+1 种基金ZUA Innovation Fund for Graduate Education,China(No.2024CX134)Henan Key Laboratory of Aeronautical Material and Technology Open Foundation,China(No.ZHKF-240103).
文摘The development of stretchable conductors with high deformation,conductivity,and thermal conductivity using liquid metal(LM)has sparked widespread interest in the fields of flexible electronics,electromagnetic interference(EMI),and multifunctional materi-als.However,fabricating desirable shielding materials by directly coating LMs on soft polymer substrates remains a challenge because of the huge surface tension and weak wettability of LMs.In this study,Ga-based composite paste is prepared from a mixture of Ga and dia-mond nonmetallic particles through ultrasonic fragmentation.At various temperatures,the resulting LM composite putty(LMP)exhibits soft and hard properties and can thus be molded into specific shapes according to application needs.In addition,the composite can be eas-ily coated onto polymer substrates,such as thermoplastic polyurethane(TPU)elastomer.The fabricated LMP–TPU exhibits an impress-ive shape deformation capacity of 1100%,demonstrating exceptional tensile properties and achieving electromagnetic interference–shielding effectiveness of up to 52 dB.Furthermore,it retains an ultrahigh conductivity of 20000 S/m,even under a strain of 600%.This feature further makes it a highly competitive multifunctional material.
文摘First-Input-First-Output (FIFO) buffers are extensively used in contemporary digital processors and System-on-Chips (SoC). There are synchronous FIFOs and asycnrhonous FIFOs. And different sized FIFOs should be implemented in different ways. FIFOs are used not only for the pipeline design within a processor, for the inter-processor communication networks, for example Network-on-Chips (NoCs), but also for the peripherals and the clock domain crossing at the whole SoC level. In this paper, we review the interface, the circuit implementation, and the various usages of FIFOs in various levels of the digital design. We can find that the usage of FIFOs could greatly facilitate the signal storage, signal decoupling, signal transfer, power domain separation and power domain crossing in digital systems. We hope that more attentions are paid to the usages of synchronous and asynchronous FIFOs and more sophististicated usages are discovered by the digital design communities.
基金The financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51973201,U1804128,to X.P.Grant No.52173209,to Y.H.)+4 种基金the 111 Project(D18023,to X.P.)the National Science Foundation for Young Scientists of China(Grant No.22105179,to G.S.)the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFB0307600,to M.L)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M682317,to X.Z)Scientific&technological research projects in Henan Province(222102520009,to X.Q.)
文摘Liquid metal(LM)and liquid metal alloys(LMs)possess unique physicochemical features,which have become emerging and functionalized materials that are attractive applicants in various fields.Herein,uniform LM nanodroplets armored by carbon dots(LMD@CDs)were prepared and exhibited high colloidal stability in various solvents,as well as water.After optimization,LMD@CDs can be applied as functional additives for the 3D/4D printing of hydrogel and cross-linked resin through digital light processing(DLP).The light absorption of LMD@CDs not only improved the printing accuracy,but also led to the cross-linking density differential during the post-curing process.Base on the cross-linking density differential of soft hydrogel and photothermal performance of the LM,the 3D printed objects can exhibit stimulus responses to both water and laser irradiation.Additionally,the CDs shell and LM core of LMD@CDs provide the printed objects interesting photoluminescence and electric conductivity capabilities,respectively.We deduce this versatile 3D/4D printing system would provide a new platform for the preparation of multi-functional and stimuli-responsive advance materials.
基金supported by the States "Major New Drug Creation" Science and Technology Major Project,No.2009ZX09103-324the Henan Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Team in University in China,No.2012IRTSTHN011
文摘Persimmon leaf flavonoid has been shown to enhance brain ischemic tolerance in mice, but its mechanism of action remains unclear. The bilateral common carotid arteries were occluded using a micro clip to block blood flow for 10 minutes. After 10 minutes of ischemic preconditioning, 200,100, and 50 mg/kg persimmon leaf flavonoid or 20 mg/kg ginaton was intragastrically administered per day for 5 days. At 1 hour after the final administration, ischemia/reperfusion models were estab- lished by blocking the middle cerebral artery for 2 hours. At 24 hours after model establishment, compared with cerebral ischemic rats without ischemic preconditioning or drug intervention, plasma endothelin, thrombomodulin and yon Willebrand factor levels significantly decreased and intercel- lular adhesion molecule-1 expression markedly reduced in brain tissue from rats with ischemic pre- conditioning. Simultaneously, brain tissue injury reduced. Ischemic preconditioning combined with drug exposure noticeably improved the effects of the above-mentioned indices, and the effects of 200 mg/kg persimmon leaf flavonoid were similar to 20 mg/kg ginaton treatment. These results indicate that ischemic preconditioning produces tolerance to recurrent severe cerebral ischemia. However, persimmon leaf flavonoid can elevate ischemic tolerance by reducing inflammatory reactions and vascular endothelial injury. High-dose persimmon leaf flavonoid showed an identical effect to ginaton.
文摘AIM： To investigate the correlation between systemic hemodynamics and splanchnic circulation in recipients with cirrhosis undergoing living-donor liver transplantation （LDLT）, and to clarify how systemic hemodynamics impact on local graft circulation after LDLT.METHODS： Systemic hemodynamics, indocyanine green （ICG） elimination rate （K,cG） and splanchnic circulation were simultaneously and non-invasively investigated by pulse dye densitometry （PDD） and ultrasound. Accurate estimators of optimal systemic hyperdynamics after LDLT [i.e., balance of cardiac output （CO） to blood volume （BV） and mean transit time （MTT）, defined as the time required for half the administered ICG to pass through an attached PDD sensor in the first circulation] were also measured. Thirty recipients with cirrhosis were divided into two groups based on clinical outcomes corresponding to postoperative graft function.RESULTS： Cirrhotic systemic hyperdynamics characterized by high CO, expanded BV and low total peripheral resistance （TPR） were observed before LDLT. TPR reflecting cirrhotic vascular alterations was slowly restored after LDLT in both groups. Although no significant temporal differences in TPR were detected between the two groups, CO/BV and M＇IT differed significantly. Recipients with good outcomes showed persistent cirrhotic systemic hyperdynamics after LDLT, whereas recipients with poor outcomes presented with unstable cirrhotic systemic hyperdynamics and severely decreased KICG. Systemic hyperdynamic disorders after LDLT impacted on portal venous flow but not hepatic arterial flow.CONCLUSION： We conclude that subtle systemic hyperdynamics disorders impact on splanchnic circulation, and that an imbalance between CO and BV decreases portal venous flow, which results in critical outcomes.
基金funded by the State "Major New Drug Creation" Science and Technology Major Special Project Foundation, No. 2009ZX09103-324a grant from the Henan Province Science and Technology Innovation Team in University, No. 2012IRTSTHN011
文摘The persimmon leaf has been shown to improve cerebral ischemic outcomes; however, its mechanism of action remains unclear. In this study, mice were subjected to 10 minutes of ischemic preconditioning, and persimmon leaf flavonoid was orally administered for 5 days. Results showed that the persimmon leaf fiavonoid significantly improved the content of tissue type plasminogen activator and 6-keto prostaglandin-F1 a in the cerebral cortex, decreased the content of thromboxane B2, and reduced the content of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in mice. Following optical microscopy, persimmon leaf flavonoid was also shown to reduce cell swelling and nuclear hyperchromatism in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of mice. These results suggested that persimmon leaf fiavonoid can effectively inhibit brain thrombosis, improve blood supply to the brain and relieve ischemia-induced pathological damage, resulting in brain ischemic tolerance.
文摘In this study,diltiazem hydrochloride(DTZ)pellets were prepared successfully by extrusionespheronization method.Then methacrylic acid and ethylcellulose coating formulations were employed to make the DTZ pellets sustained release.The pellets with different coatings were investigated by in vitro dissolution tests.At last,the pellets with the best coating copolymer were subjected to pharmacokinetic studies in beagle dogs.The dissolution profiles of pellets coated with EudragitNE30D were similar to Herbesser,one of the marketed sustained release capsules.In the bioavailability study,the principal pharmacokinetic parameters of self-made pellets and the marketed ones were comparable;the relative bioavailability of DTZ sustained release capsules compared with Herbesserwas 98.536.4%.All the data indicated self-made sustained pellets could prolong the release of DTZ,decrease the fluctuation of drug level in vivo,and increase the compliance of patients.
文摘After the first observation of the immunosuppressive effects of ultraviolet(UV) irradiation was reported in 1974, therapeutic modification of immune responses by UV irradiation began to be investigated in the context immunization. UV-induced immunosuppression is via the action of regulatory T cells(Tregs). Antigen-specific Tregs were induced by high-dose UV-B irradiation before antigen immunization in many studies, as it was considered that functional alteration and/or modulation of antigen-presenting cells by UV irradiation was required for the induction of antigen-specific immunosuppression. However, it is also reported that UV irradiation after immunization induces antigen-specific Tregs. UV-induced Tregs are also dominantly transferable, with interleukin-10 being important for UV-induced immunosuppression. Currently, various possible mechanisms involving Treg phenotype and cytokine profile have been suggested. UV irradiation accompanied by alloantigen immunization induces alloantigen-specific transferable Tregs, which have potential therapeutic applications in the transplantation field. Here we review the current status of UV-induced antigen-specific immunosuppression on the 40th anniversary of its discovery.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(LH2019C063)"Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project"of Heilongjiang Academy of Agriculture Sciences(HNK2019CX12-08)+1 种基金Academy-level Project of Heilongjiang Academy of Agriculture Sciences(2020YYYF021)National Key R&D Project(2017YFD0300505-4).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to construct high-yielding,high-quality,and high-light-efficiency population structures of different types of rice varieties.[Methods]The effects of plant spacing,row spacing and seedling number allocation on stems and tillers,leaf area and dynamic traits of high-yielding rice populations(more than 9750 kg/hm^(2))and low-yielding populations(less than 9750 kg/hm^(2))were studied by two kinds of representative rice varieties with different tiller ability and panicle sizes in cold regions.[Results]Decreasing the plant and row spacing and increasing the number of planted seedlings per hole advanced the heading date and made the number of stems and tillers in the population increase.The impact on the super rice variety with fewer tillers and heavier panicles was greater than that of conventional variety with more tillers and lighter panicles.The stems and tillers of the high-yielding high-quality populations grew steadily in the early stage of development,until an appropriate number of panicles was reached at the critical leaf age for productive tillers(June 25),and the peak seedlings should appear in the jointing stage(July 9)with a small number(that value of Longjing 21,the super rice variety with fewer tillers and heavier panicles,was about 1.2 times the expected panicle number,and that of the conventional variety with more tillers and lighter panicles,Kongyu 131,was about 1.1 times the expected panicle number).The populations gradually declined since then,until reaching an appropriate number of panicles at the heading stage.The high-yielding high-quality populations had a higher leaf area index at the heading stage.The value of Longjing 21,the super rice variety with fewer tiller and heavier panicles,reached about 6.0,and that of Kongyu 131,the conventional variety with more tillers and lighter panicles,reached about 4.5.The values decreased thereafter.At the maturation stage,the leaf area index of Longjing 21 remained above 2.5,and that of Kongyu 131 remained above 2.0.[Conclusions]This study has an important guiding role and significance for their high-yielding and high-quality supporting cultivation in cold regions.
文摘A 74-year-old woman presented with symptoms consistent with hyperadrenocorticism and hyperca- techolaminism. She had a cushingoid appearance and her cortisol level was elevated. Her serum dopamine and noradrenalin levels were also elevated. Computed tomography detected a left adrenal mass measuring 3.5 cm x 3.0 cm in diameter. Metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy was negative. Unexpectedly, the serum Serum carcinoembryonic antigen （CEA） level waselevated. Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography showed increased uptake in the adrenal tumor only, with a maximum standardized uptake value of 2.8. Selective venography and blood sampling revealed that the concentrations of cortisol, catecholamines and CEA were significantly elevated in the vein draining the tumor. A diagnosis of CEA-producing benign adenoma was made. After preoperative management, we performed a combined lateral and anterior transpedtoneal laparoscopic adrenectomy. Her vital signs remained stable during surgery. Histopathological examination revealed a benign adenoma. Her cortisol, catecholamine and CEA levels normalized immediately after surgery. We present, to the best of our knowledge, the first case of CEA-producing adrenal adenoma, along with a review of the relevant literature, and discuss our laparoscopic surgery techniques.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(LH2019C063)National Key R&D Program(2016YFC0400108-3)+4 种基金Heilongjiang Provincial-level Project of National Science and Technology Major Project(GX17B010)Heilongjiang Provincial Postdoctoral Research Startup Fund(LBH-Q15134)lHeilongjiang Provincial Leading Talent Echelon Reserve Leader Project(2017)Academy-level project of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2018KYJL021)Heilongjiang Provincial Modern Agricultural Industry Technology Cooperative Innovation Extension System(2019)。
文摘In order to clarify the water-saving technologies and standards in large-scale mechanized production of paddy fields, the water-saving effects and cost-benefit situations of paddy field steeping, seedling transplanting and different land preparation methods were studied. The results showed that the suitable water layer height for the closing period of mechanized operation was 10 cm, which could save water, facilitate weed control, and lead to better effect and the highest yield. The treatment with a water layer height of 1 cm(Huadashui) for the seedling planting operation achieved better quality of seedling transplanting, lower vacancy rate and higher yield and was water-saving. From the perspective of saving water and taking into account the cost of land preparation, the method of steeping and beating the field was better than the method of plowing in autumn and rotary tillage and harrowing in spring, but it was very prone to lodging. From the perspective of high yield creation, the method of plowing in autumn and rotary tillage and harrowing in spring was significantly better than the method of steeping and beating the field. In order to reduce the cost of land preparation, it is recommended to change the way of plowing in autumn and rotary tillage and hallowing in spring to plowing in autumn and rotary tillage in spring or plowing and hallowing in spring to reduce the cost of one time of rotary tillage, and to simultaneously realize deeper plough layer, which is conducive to preventing lodging and obtaining high yield.
文摘Objectives: To evaluate the impact of external-care-seeking, explore the framework to regulate patients’ seeking doctor behavior and to promote better medical resources allocation. Methods: Obtaining data from regular reports from public medical institutions in Shanghai, comparing patients who seek doctors from out-of-Shanghai residence and local patients with insurance in terms of the quantity of service, types of diseases, medical expenses, etc. Results: External-care-seeking has a large quantity, especially in hospitalization. In 2012, the number of discharged population from out-of-Shanghai accounted for 22.74% of the total discharged number, the proportion even higher than 30% in tertiary hospitals. Tertiary hospitals have a significant attraction effect, concentrating 59.42% of the outpatient and emergency visits and 71.82% of the amount of hospitalization, with corresponding cost of 75.86% and 82.56%. The top three divisions in tertiary hospitals for external-care-seeking were surgical, obstetrics and gynecology, internal medicine. Based on the interview, admitting out-of-shanghai patients is conducive to the improvement of the technical level of hospitals, and to the enhancement of the utilization efficiency of health resource. However, the local residents may have less accessibility of high quality of medical service. The average expense of external-care-seeking is higher than that of local patients happened in the same level of hospitals. Conclusions: External-care-seeking will have a more far-reaching impact on the health care system in Shanghai;some interventions might be necessary, such as rationally allocating medical resources based on the estimates of external-care-seeking and establishing a medical service supervision mechanism.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82072386,52372269)the Projects of the Science&Technology Department of Sichuan Province(No.24ZDYF0475,2022ZDZX0029)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(No.2024NSFSC1808)the 1-3-5 project for disciplines of excellence,West China Hospital,Sichuan University(No.ZYGD21001).
文摘Interbody fusion devices are critical in spinal surgery to restore spinal stability,reduce pain and improve function.Polyetheretherketone(PEEK)has become a commonly used alternative material for fusion cages owing to its excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility,but its biological inertness limits bone regeneration and may lead to poor fusion.In this study,a novel strategy for preparing bioactive biomineralized PEEK cages was developed using a unique combination of osteoinductive CaP bioceramic fillings in the cage window,acid sulfonation and simulated body fluid incubation.In vitro experiments showed that biomineralized PEEK cages and CaP bioceramics regulate immunity and promote angiogenesis and bone integration via activation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha and cyclic guanosine monophosphate/protein kinase G signaling pathways.In vivo goat spinal fusion experiments demonstrated that PEEK cages filled with CaP bioceramics resulted in good bone growth and spinal fusion.Therefore,the high mechanical strength and good biocompatibility of biomineralized PEEK cages,together with the excellent bioactivity and degradation properties of CaP bioceramics,provide an ideal microenvironment for bone fusion.The development of this composite material not only addresses some of the limitations of existing fusion devices but also will facilitate the development of spinal fusion technology.
基金supported by State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles,Qingdao University(ZDKT202006)。
文摘Biomass-based supramolecular hydrogels are widely used in the biomedical field due to their favorable biocompatibility and outstanding mechanical properties.However,the preparation of injectable polysaccharide-based hydrogels has proven to be a significant challenge.Here we have employed a simple poor-solvent strategy to prepare alginate supramolecular hydrogels via a hierarchical self-assembly process,including micellization,micelles alignment to form nanofilament,and nanofibrils formation.The alginate supramolecular fibrillar hydrogels exhibit excellent mechanical properties and shear recoverability,meeting the requirements of injectable hydrogels.Furthermore,the presence of alginate and its fibrillar structures imparts superb hemostasis properties and the inherent biocompatibility to these hydrogels.Therefore,this simple and intriguing approach has the potential to develop polysaccharide-based hydrogels for hemostasis in wound within the biomedical fields.
基金supported by Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.Z210016).
文摘The ordered membrane electrode assembly(MEA)has gained much attention because of its potential in improving mass transfer.Here,a comprehensive study was conducted on the influence of the patterned microporous layer(MPL)on the proton exchange membrane fuel cell performances.When patterned MPL is employed,grooves are generated between the catalyst layer and the gas diffusion layer.It is found that the grooves do not increase the contact resistance,and it is beneficial for water retention.When the MEA works under low humidity scenarios,the MEA with patterned MPL illustrated higher performance,due to the reduced inner resistance caused by improved water retention,leading to increased ionic conductivity.However,when the humidity is higher than 80%or working under high current density,the generated water accumulated in the grooves and hindered the oxygen mass transport,leading to a reduced MEA performance.
基金supported by the High-level Talent Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2020000039)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52002398,61835014,51972336)Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Electronic Information Materials and Devices(2017D04029).
文摘As the core device of all-solid-state laser,infrared(IR)nonlinear optical(NLO)material plays a critical role in exploring new coherent lights by frequency conversion technologies,which are widely used in noninvasive medical diagnostics,spectroscopy,environmental monitoring and long-distance laser communication.To satisfy the growing demand of current laser technology in IR regions,high performance NLO materials with large second-harmonic generation(SHG)response,high laser-induced damage threshold(LIDT)and wide transparency range are highly expected.Recently,numerous efforts and advances have been achieved in sulfide system.This review highlights the progress of high-performance sulfide IR NLO materials with a good balance between strong SHG response(≥1.0×AgGaS_(2))and wide band gap(≥3.0 eV)since 2018.The chemical synthesis,crystal structure,optical properties and structure-property relationship of 13 high performance metal sulfide IR NLO materials are summarized and reviewed in detail.Finally,the potential opportunities and challenges in IR NLO materials are discussed.
基金supported by the High-level Talent Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2020000039)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52002398,61835014,51972336)the Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Electronic Information Materials and Devices(2017D04029)。
文摘Infrared(IR)birefringent materials with large optical anisotropy and wide transparency range are important for efficient light manipulation in various IR optical devices.Herein,two new IR birefringent materials AMgGeSe_(3)(A=Li,Na)with large optical anisotropy were rationally designed by a rigid octahedron and flexible dimer combined strategy and fabricated in experiment.The introduction of rigid[LiSe_(6)]/[NaSe_(6)]and[MgSe_(6)]octahedra effectively regulates the geometry and arrangement of the flexible[Ge2Se6]dimers,resulting in the birefringence as large as 0.334@1,064 nm in LiMgGeSe_(3) and 0.445@1,064 nm(the largest one in the reported[Ge_(2)Se_(6)]dimer-contained selenides)in NaMgGeSe_(3).Density functional theory(DFT)calculations and statistical analyses highlight the influence of polarizability anisotropy,density,arrangement of units,as well as layer distance on birefringence.The results indicate that AMgGeSe_(3)(A=Li,Na)crystals are the promising IR birefringent materials and it gives an insight into the exploration of new IR birefringent materials with large birefringence based on the clamping effect from rigid groups.
