BACKGROUND： The various combination of multiphase enhancement multislice spiral CT （MSCT） makes the diagno- sis of a small hepatocellular carcinoma （sHCC） on the back- ground of liver cirrhosis possible. This stu...BACKGROUND： The various combination of multiphase enhancement multislice spiral CT （MSCT） makes the diagno- sis of a small hepatocellular carcinoma （sHCC） on the back- ground of liver cirrhosis possible. This study was to explore whether the combination of MSCT enhancement scan and alpha-fetoprotein （AFP） level ficiency for sHCC. could increase the diagnostic ef- METHODS： This study included 35 sHCC patients and 52 cir- rhotic patients without image evidence of HCC as a control group. The diagnoses were made by three radiologists em- ploying a 5-point rating scale, with postoperative pathologic results as the gold standard. Receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve analysis was performed to evaluate the diag- nostic value of the three MSCT combination modes （arterial phase＋portal-venous phase, arterial phase＋delayed phase, arterial phase＋portal-venous phase＋delayed phase） and AFP levels for sHCC on the background of liver cirrhosis. RESULTS： The area under ROC curve （AUC）, sensitivity, and specificity of the combination of arterial phase＋portal- venous phase＋delayed phase were 0.93, 93%, and 82%, respectively. The average AUC of the arterial phase＋portal- venous phase＋delayed phase combination was significantly greater than that of the arterial phase＋portal-venous phase （AUC=0.84, P=0.01） and arterial phase＋delayed phase （AUC=0.85, P=0.03）. Arterial phase＋portal-venous phase had a smaller AUC （0.84） than arterial phase＋delayed phase （0.85）, but the difference was insignificant （P=0.15）. After combining MSCT enhancement scan with AFP, the AUC, sensitivity, and specificity were 0.95, 94%, and 83%, respectively, indicating a greatly increased diagnostic efficiency for sHCC. CONCLUSIONS： The combination of AFP and 3 phases MSCT enhancement scan could increase the diagnostic efficiency for sHCC on the background of liver cirrhosis. The application of ROC curve analysis has provided a new method and reference in HCC diagnosis.展开更多
Cell differentiation is a key event in organ development;it involves auxin gradient formation, cell signaling, and transcriptional regulation. Yet, how these processes are orchestrated during leaf morphogenesis is poo...Cell differentiation is a key event in organ development;it involves auxin gradient formation, cell signaling, and transcriptional regulation. Yet, how these processes are orchestrated during leaf morphogenesis is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate an essential role for the receptor-like kinase Os CR4 in leaf development. oscr4 loss-of-function mutants displayed short shoots and roots, with tiny,crinkly, or even dead leaves. The delayed outgrowth of the first three leaves and seminal root in oscr4 was due to defects in plumule and radicle formation during embryogenesis. The deformed epidermal,mesophyll, and vascular tissues observed in oscr4 leaves arose at the postembryo stage;the corresponding expression pattern of pro Os CR4:GUS in embryos and young leaves suggests that Os CR4 functions in these tissues. Signals from the auxin reporter DR5 rev:VENUS were found to be altered in oscr4 embryos and disorganized in oscr4 leaves, in which indole-3-acetic acid accumulation was further revealed by immunofluorescence. Os WOX3 A, which is auxin responsive and related to leaf development,was activated extensively and ectopically in oscr4 leaves, partially accounting for the observed lack of cell differentiation. Our data suggest that Os CR4 plays a fundamental role in leaf morphogenesis and embryogenesis by fixing the distribution of auxin.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81301275,81471736 and 81671760)the National Science and Technology Pillar Program during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan Period(2015BAI01B09)Heilongjiang Province Foundation for Returness(LC2013C38)
文摘BACKGROUND： The various combination of multiphase enhancement multislice spiral CT （MSCT） makes the diagno- sis of a small hepatocellular carcinoma （sHCC） on the back- ground of liver cirrhosis possible. This study was to explore whether the combination of MSCT enhancement scan and alpha-fetoprotein （AFP） level ficiency for sHCC. could increase the diagnostic ef- METHODS： This study included 35 sHCC patients and 52 cir- rhotic patients without image evidence of HCC as a control group. The diagnoses were made by three radiologists em- ploying a 5-point rating scale, with postoperative pathologic results as the gold standard. Receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve analysis was performed to evaluate the diag- nostic value of the three MSCT combination modes （arterial phase＋portal-venous phase, arterial phase＋delayed phase, arterial phase＋portal-venous phase＋delayed phase） and AFP levels for sHCC on the background of liver cirrhosis. RESULTS： The area under ROC curve （AUC）, sensitivity, and specificity of the combination of arterial phase＋portal- venous phase＋delayed phase were 0.93, 93%, and 82%, respectively. The average AUC of the arterial phase＋portal- venous phase＋delayed phase combination was significantly greater than that of the arterial phase＋portal-venous phase （AUC=0.84, P=0.01） and arterial phase＋delayed phase （AUC=0.85, P=0.03）. Arterial phase＋portal-venous phase had a smaller AUC （0.84） than arterial phase＋delayed phase （0.85）, but the difference was insignificant （P=0.15）. After combining MSCT enhancement scan with AFP, the AUC, sensitivity, and specificity were 0.95, 94%, and 83%, respectively, indicating a greatly increased diagnostic efficiency for sHCC. CONCLUSIONS： The combination of AFP and 3 phases MSCT enhancement scan could increase the diagnostic efficiency for sHCC on the background of liver cirrhosis. The application of ROC curve analysis has provided a new method and reference in HCC diagnosis.
基金supported financially by the National Science Foundation of China (31370320)the National Key Program on the Development of Basic Research in China (2014CB943404)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2012M520594)。
文摘Cell differentiation is a key event in organ development;it involves auxin gradient formation, cell signaling, and transcriptional regulation. Yet, how these processes are orchestrated during leaf morphogenesis is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate an essential role for the receptor-like kinase Os CR4 in leaf development. oscr4 loss-of-function mutants displayed short shoots and roots, with tiny,crinkly, or even dead leaves. The delayed outgrowth of the first three leaves and seminal root in oscr4 was due to defects in plumule and radicle formation during embryogenesis. The deformed epidermal,mesophyll, and vascular tissues observed in oscr4 leaves arose at the postembryo stage;the corresponding expression pattern of pro Os CR4:GUS in embryos and young leaves suggests that Os CR4 functions in these tissues. Signals from the auxin reporter DR5 rev:VENUS were found to be altered in oscr4 embryos and disorganized in oscr4 leaves, in which indole-3-acetic acid accumulation was further revealed by immunofluorescence. Os WOX3 A, which is auxin responsive and related to leaf development,was activated extensively and ectopically in oscr4 leaves, partially accounting for the observed lack of cell differentiation. Our data suggest that Os CR4 plays a fundamental role in leaf morphogenesis and embryogenesis by fixing the distribution of auxin.
