Constructing a valid heterointerface with a built-in electric field is an effective strategy for designing energy storage anodes with exceptional efficiency for potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)and sodium-ion batteries(SI...Constructing a valid heterointerface with a built-in electric field is an effective strategy for designing energy storage anodes with exceptional efficiency for potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)and sodium-ion batteries(SIBs).In this study,WSe_(2)/MoSe_(2)nanosheets with a better-matched and stable heterojunction interface were uniformly embedded in carbon nanofiber frameworks(WSe_(2)/MoSe_(2)/CNFs).The ion/electron transfer kinetics were facilitated by heterointerfaces with an enlarged effective utilization range.Meanwhile,the heterointerface directed electron transfer from MoSe_(2)to WSe_(2)and had significant potassium adsorption capability.The ultra-high pseudocapacitance contribution originating from the heterostructure and morphological features of the WSe_(2)/MoSe_(2)nanosheets contributed to enhancing high-rate energy storage.Moreover,in situ X-ray diffraction and ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed the potassification/depotassification behavior of the WSe_(2)/MoSe_(2)/CNFs during the conversion reaction.Consequently,after 500 cycles at 5 A·g^(-1),the WSe_(2)/MoSe_(2)/CNF anode demonstrated an outstanding long-term cycling performance of 125.6 mAh·g^(-1)for PIBs.While serving as a SIB electrode,it exhibited an exceptional rate capability of 243.5 mAh·g^(-1)at 20 A·g^(-1).With the goal of developing high-performance PIB/SIB electrode materials,the proposed strategy,based on heterointerface adaptation engineering,is promising.展开更多
The major impediment to the additional industrialization of water splitting is the high cost of the co-catalyst made of noble metals and the sacrificial reagent. A binary photocatalytic system, consisting of B-doped g...The major impediment to the additional industrialization of water splitting is the high cost of the co-catalyst made of noble metals and the sacrificial reagent. A binary photocatalytic system, consisting of B-doped g-C_(3)N_(4) nanosheets(Cu_(20)@BCN-X) and atomically accurate copper clusters, is designed in this study. The copper clusters serve as co-catalysts for H_(2) evolution and exhibit Pt-like activity, whereas the nanosheets serve as carriers and semiconductor components for O_(2) evolution. Such binary system, created using simple techniques, demonstrates hydrogen bonding interactions that promote synergistic effects and efficient binding and charge transfer across the interface between the two components. Band position manipulation of carbon nitride nanosheets demonstrates a Z-scheme charge transfer mechanism between the nanosheets and copper clusters. This photocatalytic system can accomplish the photocatalytic overall water splitting process(259.9 μmol g^(-1)h^(-1)of H_(2) and 129.4 μmol g^(-1)h^(-1)of O_(2)) without using sacrificial agents or noble metal co-catalysts. This work lays the foundation for the design of overall water splitting catalysts by precisely manipulating the energy levels, and it also paves the way for commercialized photocatalytic catalysts that do not require noble metals or sacrificial chemicals.展开更多
Background: Early neurological deterioration (END) is a prominent issue after recanalization treatment. However. few studies have reported the characteristics of END after endovascular treatment (EVT) as so far. This ...Background: Early neurological deterioration (END) is a prominent issue after recanalization treatment. However. few studies have reported the characteristics of END after endovascular treatment (EVT) as so far. This study investigated the incidence, composition, and outcomes of END after intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (IV rt-PA) and EVT of acute ischemic stroke, and identified risk factors for END. Methods: Medical records of patients who received recanalization treatment between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2015 were reviewed. Patients were classified into IV rt-PA or EVT group according to the methods ofrecanalization treatment. The END was defined as an increase in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (N1HSS) ≥4 or an increase in la of NIHSS ≥I within 72 h after recanalization treatment. Clinical data were compared between the END and non-END subgroups within each recanalization group. Results: Of the 278 patients included in the study, the incidence of END was 34.2%. The incidence rates of END were 29.8% in the IV rt-PA group and 40.2% in the EVT group, lschemia progression (68.4%) was the main contributor to END followed by vasogenic cerebral edema (21. 1%) and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (10.5%). Multivariate logistic regression showed that admission systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥160 mmHg (odds ratio [OR]: 2.312, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.105-4.837) and large artery occlusion after IV rt-PA (OR: 3.628.95% CI: 1.482-8.881 ) independently predicted END after IV rt-PA; and admission SBP 〉 140 mmHg (OR: 5.183, 95% CI:1.967 13.661 ), partial recanalization (OR: 4.791,95% CI: 1.749-13.121 ), and nonrecanalization (OR: 5.952, 95% CI: 1.841-19.243) independently predicted END alter EVT. The mortality rate and grave outcome rate at discharge of all the END patients (26.3% and 55.8%) were higher than those of all the non-END patients (1.1% and 18.6%: P 〈 0.01). Conclusions: END was not an uncommon event and associated with death and grave outcome at discharge. High admission SBP and unsatisfactory recanalization of occluded arteries might predict END.展开更多
Background: Brain death is the irreversible cessation of the function of the brain including the brainstem. In 2013, the Brain Injury Evaluation Quality Control Centre (BQCC) of the National Health and Family Planning...Background: Brain death is the irreversible cessation of the function of the brain including the brainstem. In 2013, the Brain Injury Evaluation Quality Control Centre (BQCC) of the National Health and Family Planning Commission issued criteria and practical guidelines for the determination of brain death. This study aimed to evaluate whether the institutions have adopted these guidelines and to make suggestions for the improvement of the current criteria and practical guidelines for brain death determination in China. Methods: Consecutive brain death cases from 44 hospitals were evaluated for summary statistics for the following data: the performance of BQCC criteria and practical guidelines, clinical examination, apnea testing, ancillary testing, and the number of examinations as well as the waiting periods between examinations and details of who determined brain death. Data analysis was conducted from January 2013 to December 2017. Results: A total of 550 cases were obtained. All patients were determined to have deep coma and met the prerequisites for clinical testing. The performance rates of four brainstem reflex examinations (except cough reflex) ranged from 97.5% to 98.0%, and the completion rate as well as the coincidence rate were both 100.0%. The 238 cases (50.7%) completed apnea testing, and 231 cases (42.0%) had to stop apnea testing during the examination because of instability. The performance rates of the three ancillary tests, including electroencephalogram, short-latency somatosensory evoked potential, and transcranial Doppler, were 89.5%, 67.5%, and 79.5%, respectively;furthermore, the coincidence rates were 98.6%, 96.5%, and 99.5%, respectively. The combination of two ancillary tests was more accurate than one single ancillary test. A total of 401 (72.9%) cases successfully underwent two separate examinations to determine brain death with at least a 12-h waiting period. All brain death cases were determined by at least two qualified physicians. Conclusion: This study might provide suggestions for brain death determination in China.展开更多
Background:About 10%of patients get a surgical-site infection(SSI)after radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer,but SSI remains controversial among surgeons.The aim of this study was to explore the risk factors for SSI...Background:About 10%of patients get a surgical-site infection(SSI)after radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer,but SSI remains controversial among surgeons.The aim of this study was to explore the risk factors for SSIs after radical gastrectomy in patients with gastric cancer to guide clinical therapies and reduce the incidence of SSI.Methods:The study was a retrospective cohort study in patients who underwent radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer.SSI was defined in accordance with the National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance System.We evaluated patient-related and peri-operative variables that could be risk factors for SSIs.The Chi-squared test and logistic regression analysis were used to assess the association between these risk factors and SSI.Results:Among the 590 patients,386 were men and 204 were women.The mean age was 56.6(28-82)years and 14.2%(84/590)of these patients had an SSI.Among them,incisional SSI was observed in 23 patients(3.9%)and organ/space SSI in 61 patients(10.3%).Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified sex(odds ratios[ORs]=2.548,and 95%confidence interval[CI]:1.268-5.122,P=0.009),total gastrectomy(OR=2.327,95%CI:1.352-4.004,P=0.002),albumin level(day 3 after surgery)<30 g/L(OR=1.868,95%CI:1.066-3.274,P=0.029),and post-operative total parenteral nutrition(OR=2.318,95%CI:1.026-5.237,P=0.043)as independent risk factors for SSI.Conclusions:SSI was common among patients after radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer.The method supporting post-operative nutrition and the duration of prophylactic antibiotics may be important modifiable influencing factors for SSI.展开更多
Background： Whether the Glasgow Coma Scale （GCS） can assess intubated patients is still a topic of controversy. We compared the test performance of the GCS motor component （GCS-M）/Simplified Motor Score （SMS） t...Background： Whether the Glasgow Coma Scale （GCS） can assess intubated patients is still a topic of controversy. We compared the test performance of the GCS motor component （GCS-M）/Simplified Motor Score （SMS） to the total of the GCS in predicting the outcomes of intubated acute severe cerebral vascular disease patients. Methods： A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected observational data was performed. Between January 2012 and October 2015, 106 consecutive acute severe cerebral vascular disease patients with intubation were included in the study. GCS, GCS-M, GCS eye-opening component, and SMS were documented on admission and at 24, 48, and 72 h after admission to Neurointensive Care Unit （NCU）. Outcomes were death and unfavorable prognosis （modified Rankin Scale： 5-6） at NCU discharge. The receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve was obtained to determine the prognostic performance and best cutoff value for each scoring system. Comparison of the area under the ROC curves （AUCs） was performed using the Z-test.Results： Of 106 patients included in the study, 41 （38.7%） patients died, and 69 （65.1%） patients had poor prognosis when discharged from NCU. The four time points within 72 h of admission to the NCU were equivalent for each scale＇s predictive power, except that 0 h was the best for each scale in predicting outcomes of patients with right-hemisphere lesions. Nonsignificant difference was found between GCS-M AUCs and GCS AUCs in predicting death at 0 h （0.721 vs. 0.717, Z = 0.135, P = 0.893） and 72 h （0.730 vs. 0.765, Z = 1.887, P = 0.060）, in predicting poor prognosis at 0 h （0.827 vs. 0.819, Z = 0.395, P = 0.693）, 24 h （0.771 vs. 0.760, Z = 0.944, P = 0.345）, 48 h （0.732 vs. 0.741, Z= 0.593, P= 0.590）, and 72 h （0.775 vs. 0.780, Z= 0.302, P= 0.763）. AUCs in predicting death for patients with left-hemisphere lesions ranged from 0.700 to 0.804 for GCS-M and from 0.700 to 0.824 for GCS, in predicting poor prognosis ranged from 0.841 to 0.969 for GCS-M and from 0.875 to 0.969 for GCS, with no significant difference between GCS-M AUCs and GCS AUCs within 72 h （P 〉 0.05）. No significant difference between GCS-M AUCs and GCS AUCs was found in predicting death （0.964 vs. 0.964, P = 1.000） and poor prognosis （ 1.000 vs. 1.000, P = 1.000） for patients with right-hemisphere lesions at 0 h. AUCs in predicting death for patients with brainstem or cerebella were poor for GCS-M （〈0.700）, in predicting poor prognosis ranged from 0.727 to 0.801 for GCS-M and from 0.704 to 0.820 for GCS, with no significant difference between GCS-M AUCs and GCS AUCs within 72 h （P 〉 0.05）. The SMS AUCs （〈0.700） in predicting outcomes were poor. Conclusions： The GCS-M approaches the same test performance as the GCS in assessing the prognosis ofintubatcd acute severe cerebral vascular disease patients. The GCS-M could be accurately and reliably applied in patients with hemisphere lesions, but caution must be taken for patients with brainstem or cerebella lesions.展开更多
Platinum(Pt)catalysts are the most practical electrocatalysts;however,their low abundance and high cost severely limit their large-scale applications.Efficient recovery is a key issue to be resolved before the use of ...Platinum(Pt)catalysts are the most practical electrocatalysts;however,their low abundance and high cost severely limit their large-scale applications.Efficient recovery is a key issue to be resolved before the use of Pt-based electrocatalysts can be broadly extended.Herein,the newly designed polyoxometalate[Pt^(II)(NH_(3))_(4)]_(2)[Mo_(8)O26](Mo_(8)Pt)acts as an ideal recycling medium for renewable and highly effective Pt electrocatalysts.Starting from Mo_(8)Pt,by a facile reduction reaction,the formed Pt/Mo_(2)C/Mo_(2)N@C-N electrocatalyst shows superior electrocatalytic activity as compared to commercial Pt/C(20%)under both acidic and alkaline conditions.Notably,the reaction of Pt/Mo_(2)C/Mo_(2)N@C-N in H_(2)O_(2)solution can regenerate Mo_(8)Pt for Pt renewability.It is also demonstrated that the Pt electrocatalyst can be used for at least five rounds of recycling and regeneration,showing its efficiency and stability as well as its effectiveness.This work highlights a recycling medium strategy to the new generation of renewable Pt-based catalysts.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22201098)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Nos.ZR2021QB005 and ZR2021MB008)Jinan City“New University 20”Project(No.202228113).
文摘Constructing a valid heterointerface with a built-in electric field is an effective strategy for designing energy storage anodes with exceptional efficiency for potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)and sodium-ion batteries(SIBs).In this study,WSe_(2)/MoSe_(2)nanosheets with a better-matched and stable heterojunction interface were uniformly embedded in carbon nanofiber frameworks(WSe_(2)/MoSe_(2)/CNFs).The ion/electron transfer kinetics were facilitated by heterointerfaces with an enlarged effective utilization range.Meanwhile,the heterointerface directed electron transfer from MoSe_(2)to WSe_(2)and had significant potassium adsorption capability.The ultra-high pseudocapacitance contribution originating from the heterostructure and morphological features of the WSe_(2)/MoSe_(2)nanosheets contributed to enhancing high-rate energy storage.Moreover,in situ X-ray diffraction and ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed the potassification/depotassification behavior of the WSe_(2)/MoSe_(2)/CNFs during the conversion reaction.Consequently,after 500 cycles at 5 A·g^(-1),the WSe_(2)/MoSe_(2)/CNF anode demonstrated an outstanding long-term cycling performance of 125.6 mAh·g^(-1)for PIBs.While serving as a SIB electrode,it exhibited an exceptional rate capability of 243.5 mAh·g^(-1)at 20 A·g^(-1).With the goal of developing high-performance PIB/SIB electrode materials,the proposed strategy,based on heterointerface adaptation engineering,is promising.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21971085)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2021MB008)the Jinan City “New University 20” Project (202228113)。
文摘The major impediment to the additional industrialization of water splitting is the high cost of the co-catalyst made of noble metals and the sacrificial reagent. A binary photocatalytic system, consisting of B-doped g-C_(3)N_(4) nanosheets(Cu_(20)@BCN-X) and atomically accurate copper clusters, is designed in this study. The copper clusters serve as co-catalysts for H_(2) evolution and exhibit Pt-like activity, whereas the nanosheets serve as carriers and semiconductor components for O_(2) evolution. Such binary system, created using simple techniques, demonstrates hydrogen bonding interactions that promote synergistic effects and efficient binding and charge transfer across the interface between the two components. Band position manipulation of carbon nitride nanosheets demonstrates a Z-scheme charge transfer mechanism between the nanosheets and copper clusters. This photocatalytic system can accomplish the photocatalytic overall water splitting process(259.9 μmol g^(-1)h^(-1)of H_(2) and 129.4 μmol g^(-1)h^(-1)of O_(2)) without using sacrificial agents or noble metal co-catalysts. This work lays the foundation for the design of overall water splitting catalysts by precisely manipulating the energy levels, and it also paves the way for commercialized photocatalytic catalysts that do not require noble metals or sacrificial chemicals.
基金This study was supported by the National Key Department of Neurology and Critical Care Medicine Funded by the National Health and Family
文摘Background: Early neurological deterioration (END) is a prominent issue after recanalization treatment. However. few studies have reported the characteristics of END after endovascular treatment (EVT) as so far. This study investigated the incidence, composition, and outcomes of END after intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (IV rt-PA) and EVT of acute ischemic stroke, and identified risk factors for END. Methods: Medical records of patients who received recanalization treatment between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2015 were reviewed. Patients were classified into IV rt-PA or EVT group according to the methods ofrecanalization treatment. The END was defined as an increase in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (N1HSS) ≥4 or an increase in la of NIHSS ≥I within 72 h after recanalization treatment. Clinical data were compared between the END and non-END subgroups within each recanalization group. Results: Of the 278 patients included in the study, the incidence of END was 34.2%. The incidence rates of END were 29.8% in the IV rt-PA group and 40.2% in the EVT group, lschemia progression (68.4%) was the main contributor to END followed by vasogenic cerebral edema (21. 1%) and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (10.5%). Multivariate logistic regression showed that admission systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥160 mmHg (odds ratio [OR]: 2.312, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.105-4.837) and large artery occlusion after IV rt-PA (OR: 3.628.95% CI: 1.482-8.881 ) independently predicted END after IV rt-PA; and admission SBP 〉 140 mmHg (OR: 5.183, 95% CI:1.967 13.661 ), partial recanalization (OR: 4.791,95% CI: 1.749-13.121 ), and nonrecanalization (OR: 5.952, 95% CI: 1.841-19.243) independently predicted END alter EVT. The mortality rate and grave outcome rate at discharge of all the END patients (26.3% and 55.8%) were higher than those of all the non-END patients (1.1% and 18.6%: P 〈 0.01). Conclusions: END was not an uncommon event and associated with death and grave outcome at discharge. High admission SBP and unsatisfactory recanalization of occluded arteries might predict END.
文摘Background: Brain death is the irreversible cessation of the function of the brain including the brainstem. In 2013, the Brain Injury Evaluation Quality Control Centre (BQCC) of the National Health and Family Planning Commission issued criteria and practical guidelines for the determination of brain death. This study aimed to evaluate whether the institutions have adopted these guidelines and to make suggestions for the improvement of the current criteria and practical guidelines for brain death determination in China. Methods: Consecutive brain death cases from 44 hospitals were evaluated for summary statistics for the following data: the performance of BQCC criteria and practical guidelines, clinical examination, apnea testing, ancillary testing, and the number of examinations as well as the waiting periods between examinations and details of who determined brain death. Data analysis was conducted from January 2013 to December 2017. Results: A total of 550 cases were obtained. All patients were determined to have deep coma and met the prerequisites for clinical testing. The performance rates of four brainstem reflex examinations (except cough reflex) ranged from 97.5% to 98.0%, and the completion rate as well as the coincidence rate were both 100.0%. The 238 cases (50.7%) completed apnea testing, and 231 cases (42.0%) had to stop apnea testing during the examination because of instability. The performance rates of the three ancillary tests, including electroencephalogram, short-latency somatosensory evoked potential, and transcranial Doppler, were 89.5%, 67.5%, and 79.5%, respectively;furthermore, the coincidence rates were 98.6%, 96.5%, and 99.5%, respectively. The combination of two ancillary tests was more accurate than one single ancillary test. A total of 401 (72.9%) cases successfully underwent two separate examinations to determine brain death with at least a 12-h waiting period. All brain death cases were determined by at least two qualified physicians. Conclusion: This study might provide suggestions for brain death determination in China.
基金Supportive foundations:Medical and Health Science and Technology Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(No.2016-12M-1-007)China Interna-tional Medical Exchange Foundation Xiansheng Anti-Tumor Therapy Special Research Fund(No.cimf-f-h001-314).
文摘Background:About 10%of patients get a surgical-site infection(SSI)after radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer,but SSI remains controversial among surgeons.The aim of this study was to explore the risk factors for SSIs after radical gastrectomy in patients with gastric cancer to guide clinical therapies and reduce the incidence of SSI.Methods:The study was a retrospective cohort study in patients who underwent radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer.SSI was defined in accordance with the National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance System.We evaluated patient-related and peri-operative variables that could be risk factors for SSIs.The Chi-squared test and logistic regression analysis were used to assess the association between these risk factors and SSI.Results:Among the 590 patients,386 were men and 204 were women.The mean age was 56.6(28-82)years and 14.2%(84/590)of these patients had an SSI.Among them,incisional SSI was observed in 23 patients(3.9%)and organ/space SSI in 61 patients(10.3%).Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified sex(odds ratios[ORs]=2.548,and 95%confidence interval[CI]:1.268-5.122,P=0.009),total gastrectomy(OR=2.327,95%CI:1.352-4.004,P=0.002),albumin level(day 3 after surgery)<30 g/L(OR=1.868,95%CI:1.066-3.274,P=0.029),and post-operative total parenteral nutrition(OR=2.318,95%CI:1.026-5.237,P=0.043)as independent risk factors for SSI.Conclusions:SSI was common among patients after radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer.The method supporting post-operative nutrition and the duration of prophylactic antibiotics may be important modifiable influencing factors for SSI.
基金The study was supported by grants from the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China （863 Program, No. 2015AA020514） and the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 81671037）.
文摘Background： Whether the Glasgow Coma Scale （GCS） can assess intubated patients is still a topic of controversy. We compared the test performance of the GCS motor component （GCS-M）/Simplified Motor Score （SMS） to the total of the GCS in predicting the outcomes of intubated acute severe cerebral vascular disease patients. Methods： A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected observational data was performed. Between January 2012 and October 2015, 106 consecutive acute severe cerebral vascular disease patients with intubation were included in the study. GCS, GCS-M, GCS eye-opening component, and SMS were documented on admission and at 24, 48, and 72 h after admission to Neurointensive Care Unit （NCU）. Outcomes were death and unfavorable prognosis （modified Rankin Scale： 5-6） at NCU discharge. The receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve was obtained to determine the prognostic performance and best cutoff value for each scoring system. Comparison of the area under the ROC curves （AUCs） was performed using the Z-test.Results： Of 106 patients included in the study, 41 （38.7%） patients died, and 69 （65.1%） patients had poor prognosis when discharged from NCU. The four time points within 72 h of admission to the NCU were equivalent for each scale＇s predictive power, except that 0 h was the best for each scale in predicting outcomes of patients with right-hemisphere lesions. Nonsignificant difference was found between GCS-M AUCs and GCS AUCs in predicting death at 0 h （0.721 vs. 0.717, Z = 0.135, P = 0.893） and 72 h （0.730 vs. 0.765, Z = 1.887, P = 0.060）, in predicting poor prognosis at 0 h （0.827 vs. 0.819, Z = 0.395, P = 0.693）, 24 h （0.771 vs. 0.760, Z = 0.944, P = 0.345）, 48 h （0.732 vs. 0.741, Z= 0.593, P= 0.590）, and 72 h （0.775 vs. 0.780, Z= 0.302, P= 0.763）. AUCs in predicting death for patients with left-hemisphere lesions ranged from 0.700 to 0.804 for GCS-M and from 0.700 to 0.824 for GCS, in predicting poor prognosis ranged from 0.841 to 0.969 for GCS-M and from 0.875 to 0.969 for GCS, with no significant difference between GCS-M AUCs and GCS AUCs within 72 h （P 〉 0.05）. No significant difference between GCS-M AUCs and GCS AUCs was found in predicting death （0.964 vs. 0.964, P = 1.000） and poor prognosis （ 1.000 vs. 1.000, P = 1.000） for patients with right-hemisphere lesions at 0 h. AUCs in predicting death for patients with brainstem or cerebella were poor for GCS-M （〈0.700）, in predicting poor prognosis ranged from 0.727 to 0.801 for GCS-M and from 0.704 to 0.820 for GCS, with no significant difference between GCS-M AUCs and GCS AUCs within 72 h （P 〉 0.05）. The SMS AUCs （〈0.700） in predicting outcomes were poor. Conclusions： The GCS-M approaches the same test performance as the GCS in assessing the prognosis ofintubatcd acute severe cerebral vascular disease patients. The GCS-M could be accurately and reliably applied in patients with hemisphere lesions, but caution must be taken for patients with brainstem or cerebella lesions.
基金support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21971085,51725204,51972216,52202107,52201269)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2021QB005,ZR2021MB008)+7 种基金the National MCF Energy R&D Program of China(2018YFE0306105)the National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFA0406104,2020YFA0406101)the Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51821002)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20190041)the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(2019B010933001)the Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science&Technologythe 111 Projectthe Suzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Nano&Soft Materials。
文摘Platinum(Pt)catalysts are the most practical electrocatalysts;however,their low abundance and high cost severely limit their large-scale applications.Efficient recovery is a key issue to be resolved before the use of Pt-based electrocatalysts can be broadly extended.Herein,the newly designed polyoxometalate[Pt^(II)(NH_(3))_(4)]_(2)[Mo_(8)O26](Mo_(8)Pt)acts as an ideal recycling medium for renewable and highly effective Pt electrocatalysts.Starting from Mo_(8)Pt,by a facile reduction reaction,the formed Pt/Mo_(2)C/Mo_(2)N@C-N electrocatalyst shows superior electrocatalytic activity as compared to commercial Pt/C(20%)under both acidic and alkaline conditions.Notably,the reaction of Pt/Mo_(2)C/Mo_(2)N@C-N in H_(2)O_(2)solution can regenerate Mo_(8)Pt for Pt renewability.It is also demonstrated that the Pt electrocatalyst can be used for at least five rounds of recycling and regeneration,showing its efficiency and stability as well as its effectiveness.This work highlights a recycling medium strategy to the new generation of renewable Pt-based catalysts.
