Globally,grape cultivation spans vast areas and achieves substantial yields,making grapes and related industries vital economic pillars for many nations.In grape production,efficient and precise management during key ...Globally,grape cultivation spans vast areas and achieves substantial yields,making grapes and related industries vital economic pillars for many nations.In grape production,efficient and precise management during key growth stages is essential for enhancing both yield and quality.In view of the problems that during the grape inflorescences and young fruits stage,the targets are small in size,easily obscured by branches and leaves,and highly similar in color to the background,resulting in poor recognition performance of existing detection methods in complex natural environments,which in turn restricts the application of precision spraying technology.This paper establishes a dedicated dataset for grape inflorescences and young fruits in Xinjiang and proposes an improved lightweight detection model,YOLOv8-FCD.The model incorporates a PConv-based C2f_Faster module to reduce parameter count and computational complexity,replaces the original upsampling method with the CARAFE module to enhance feature extraction capability,and introduces the Detect_SEAM detection head to improve recognition accuracy under occlusion and small-target conditions.Experimental results show that the YOLOv8-FCD model achieves a detection precision(P)of 93.7%and a recall(R)of 87.3%,with a mean average precision(mAP)of 94.6%.Compared to the original YOLOv8n model,P improved by 8.2%,mAP increased by 2.6%,and the model size is reduced to 85.71%of the original.This model provides effective technical support for the identification of grape inflorescences and young fruits in intelligent spraying for plant protection.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To clarify the effect of Hamayou(Oviductus Ranae) protein hydrolysate(ORPH) on depression and its exact underlying mechanism from a new perspective. METHODS:We used the Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress(CUMS...OBJECTIVE:To clarify the effect of Hamayou(Oviductus Ranae) protein hydrolysate(ORPH) on depression and its exact underlying mechanism from a new perspective. METHODS:We used the Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress(CUMS) method to prepare a mouse model of depression and lipopolysaccharide(LPS) to prepare a model of BV2 cellular inflammation to investigate the antidepressant effect and mechanism of action of ORPH. Behavioral changes in mice and cerebral blood flow were detected by behavioral experiments and scatter imaging. Levels of corticosterone(CORT), proinflammatory cytokines and neurotransmitter were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Furthermore, hematoxylin-eosin staining, Tunel staining were used to evaluate the effect of ORPH. The distribution and expression of ionized calcium bindingadaptor molecule-1(Iba-1) in mouse hippocampal tissue and BV2 cells were detected by immunofluorescence. Mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) pathway related protein expression was detected by Western blot. RESULTS:ORPH improved depression-like behavior, ameliorated brain tissue damage and apoptosis, and inhibited microglia activation in brain tissue in mice. In addition, ORPH reduced expression of B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2)-associated X(Bax), cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3(Caspase3), cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 9(Caspase9), nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB), phosphorylation-p38(p-p38), phosphorylation-Jun Nterminal kinase(p-JNK) proteins, and increased expression of Bcl-2, inhibitory kappa B alpha(IκB-α), phosphorylation-extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2(p-ERK1/2) proteins. On the other hand, there were fewer Iba-1-positive cells, lower expression of NF-κB, pp38, p-JNK and p-ERK1/2 proteins, and higher expression of IκB-α proteins in BV2 cells in the ORPH group. In addition, ORPH increased 5-hydroxytryptamine, norepinephrine levels and decreased CORT, interleukin-1β(IL-1β), interleukin-6(IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) levels. CONCLUSION:ORPH was able to improve depressionlike behaviors and that it took effects by promoting cerebral blood flow, inhibition of hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal axis overactivation, improving the structural damage of hippocampal tissues, and inhibiting the inflammatory response. ORPH can reduced neuronal damage and inhibiting apoptosis by promoting the MAPK pathway.展开更多
基金The Major Science and Technology Special Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China“Research,development,and integrated promotion of technologies for enhancing quality and efficiency across the entire industrial chain of Xinjiang honeydew melons”(2024A02007).
文摘Globally,grape cultivation spans vast areas and achieves substantial yields,making grapes and related industries vital economic pillars for many nations.In grape production,efficient and precise management during key growth stages is essential for enhancing both yield and quality.In view of the problems that during the grape inflorescences and young fruits stage,the targets are small in size,easily obscured by branches and leaves,and highly similar in color to the background,resulting in poor recognition performance of existing detection methods in complex natural environments,which in turn restricts the application of precision spraying technology.This paper establishes a dedicated dataset for grape inflorescences and young fruits in Xinjiang and proposes an improved lightweight detection model,YOLOv8-FCD.The model incorporates a PConv-based C2f_Faster module to reduce parameter count and computational complexity,replaces the original upsampling method with the CARAFE module to enhance feature extraction capability,and introduces the Detect_SEAM detection head to improve recognition accuracy under occlusion and small-target conditions.Experimental results show that the YOLOv8-FCD model achieves a detection precision(P)of 93.7%and a recall(R)of 87.3%,with a mean average precision(mAP)of 94.6%.Compared to the original YOLOv8n model,P improved by 8.2%,mAP increased by 2.6%,and the model size is reduced to 85.71%of the original.This model provides effective technical support for the identification of grape inflorescences and young fruits in intelligent spraying for plant protection.
基金Science and Technology Development Project of Jilin Province:Preparation and Evaluation of an Animal Model of Liverdepression Type Depression (20220505038ZP)Exploring the Material Basis and Action Pathway of the Antipyretic Effect of Baihu Tang based on Histologic Techniques (20240602036RC)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To clarify the effect of Hamayou(Oviductus Ranae) protein hydrolysate(ORPH) on depression and its exact underlying mechanism from a new perspective. METHODS:We used the Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress(CUMS) method to prepare a mouse model of depression and lipopolysaccharide(LPS) to prepare a model of BV2 cellular inflammation to investigate the antidepressant effect and mechanism of action of ORPH. Behavioral changes in mice and cerebral blood flow were detected by behavioral experiments and scatter imaging. Levels of corticosterone(CORT), proinflammatory cytokines and neurotransmitter were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Furthermore, hematoxylin-eosin staining, Tunel staining were used to evaluate the effect of ORPH. The distribution and expression of ionized calcium bindingadaptor molecule-1(Iba-1) in mouse hippocampal tissue and BV2 cells were detected by immunofluorescence. Mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) pathway related protein expression was detected by Western blot. RESULTS:ORPH improved depression-like behavior, ameliorated brain tissue damage and apoptosis, and inhibited microglia activation in brain tissue in mice. In addition, ORPH reduced expression of B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2)-associated X(Bax), cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3(Caspase3), cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 9(Caspase9), nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB), phosphorylation-p38(p-p38), phosphorylation-Jun Nterminal kinase(p-JNK) proteins, and increased expression of Bcl-2, inhibitory kappa B alpha(IκB-α), phosphorylation-extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2(p-ERK1/2) proteins. On the other hand, there were fewer Iba-1-positive cells, lower expression of NF-κB, pp38, p-JNK and p-ERK1/2 proteins, and higher expression of IκB-α proteins in BV2 cells in the ORPH group. In addition, ORPH increased 5-hydroxytryptamine, norepinephrine levels and decreased CORT, interleukin-1β(IL-1β), interleukin-6(IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) levels. CONCLUSION:ORPH was able to improve depressionlike behaviors and that it took effects by promoting cerebral blood flow, inhibition of hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal axis overactivation, improving the structural damage of hippocampal tissues, and inhibiting the inflammatory response. ORPH can reduced neuronal damage and inhibiting apoptosis by promoting the MAPK pathway.
