Objective:To evaluate the inhibitory effect of dihydroartemisinin on neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5 Y,explore the possible mechanism of dihydroartemisinin against neuroblastoma cells.Methods:The cell viability of dihy...Objective:To evaluate the inhibitory effect of dihydroartemisinin on neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5 Y,explore the possible mechanism of dihydroartemisinin against neuroblastoma cells.Methods:The cell viability of dihydroartemisinin treated SH-SY5 Y cells was examined by MTT assay and morphology of cells was observed by using inverted microscope.Cell cycle was examined with flowcytometry assay,then cyclin D1 and caspase-3 proteins expression was detected by ELISA and western blotting assay.Results:MTT analysis results showed that cell viability significantly decreased after exposure to 0.05,0.50,5.00 and 50.00 mmol/L dihydroartemisinin in a dose-dependent manner,and the lower density of cells was observed in treated groups.The number of cells in sub-G1 phase was increased after treatment with different doses of dihydroartemisinin compared with the control group.The expression of cyclin D1 protein was decreased,while the expression of caspase-3 protein was increased in treated group.Conclusions:Dihydroartemisinin could inhibit the proliferation through stopping the cell cycle and inducing the apoptosis in neuroblastoma SH-SY5 Y cells.展开更多
Long-term,ground-based daily global solar radiation (DGSR) at Zhongshan Station in Antarctica can quantitatively reveal the basic characteristics of Earth’s surface radiation balance and validate satellite data for t...Long-term,ground-based daily global solar radiation (DGSR) at Zhongshan Station in Antarctica can quantitatively reveal the basic characteristics of Earth’s surface radiation balance and validate satellite data for the Antarctic region.The fixed station was established in 1989,and conventional radiation observations started much later in 2008.In this study,a random forest (RF) model for estimating DGSR is developed using ground meteorological observation data,and a highprecision,long-term DGSR dataset is constructed.Then,the trend of DGSR from 1990 to 2019 at Zhongshan Station,Antarctica is analyzed.The RF model,which performs better than other models,shows a desirable performance of DGSR hindcast estimation with an R^2 of 0.984,root-mean-square error of 1.377 MJ m^(-2),and mean absolute error of 0.828 MJ m^(-2).The trend of DGSR annual anomalies increases during 1990–2004 and then begins to decrease after 2004.Note that the maximum value of annual anomalies occurs during approximately 2004/05 and is mainly related to the days with precipitation (especially those related to good weather during the polar day period) at this station.In addition to clouds and water vapor,bad weather conditions (such as snowfall,which can result in low visibility and then decreased sunshine duration and solar radiation) are the other major factors affecting solar radiation at this station.The high-precision,longterm estimated DGSR dataset enables further study and understanding of the role of Antarctica in global climate change and the interactions between snow,ice,and atmosphere.展开更多
Mountain and polar glaciers cover 10%of the Earth’s surface and are typically extreme environments that challenge life of all forms.Viruses are abundant and active in supraglacial ecosystems and play a crucial role i...Mountain and polar glaciers cover 10%of the Earth’s surface and are typically extreme environments that challenge life of all forms.Viruses are abundant and active in supraglacial ecosystems and play a crucial role in controlling the supraglacial microbial communities.However,our understanding of virus ecology on glacier surfaces and their potential impacts on downstream ecosystems remains limited.Here,we present the supraglacial virus genome(SgVG)catalog,a 15-fold expanded genomic inventory of 10,840 DNAvirus species from 38 mountain and polar glaciers,spanning habitats such as snow,ice,meltwater,and cryoconite.Supraglacial DNA-viruses were highly specific compared to viruses in other ecosystems yet exhibited low public health risks.Supraglacial viral communities were primarily constrained by habitat,with cryoconite displaying the highest viral activity levels.We observed a prevalence of lytic viruses in all habitats,especially in cryoconite,but a high level of lysogenic viruses in snow and ice.Additionally,we found that supraglacial viruses could be linked to~83%of obtained prokaryotic phyla/classes and possessed the genetic potential to promote metabolism and increase cold adaptation,cell mobility,and phenolic carbon use of hosts in hostile environmental conditions using diverse auxiliary metabolic genes.Our results provide the first systematic characterization of the diversity,function,and public health risks evaluation of mountain and polar supraglacial DNA viruses.This understanding of glacial viruses is crucial for function assessments and ecological modeling of glacier ecosystems,especially for the Tibetan Plateau’s Mountain glaciers,which support~20%of the human populations on Earth.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NO.81201671,NO.81202953 and NO.81202031)
文摘Objective:To evaluate the inhibitory effect of dihydroartemisinin on neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5 Y,explore the possible mechanism of dihydroartemisinin against neuroblastoma cells.Methods:The cell viability of dihydroartemisinin treated SH-SY5 Y cells was examined by MTT assay and morphology of cells was observed by using inverted microscope.Cell cycle was examined with flowcytometry assay,then cyclin D1 and caspase-3 proteins expression was detected by ELISA and western blotting assay.Results:MTT analysis results showed that cell viability significantly decreased after exposure to 0.05,0.50,5.00 and 50.00 mmol/L dihydroartemisinin in a dose-dependent manner,and the lower density of cells was observed in treated groups.The number of cells in sub-G1 phase was increased after treatment with different doses of dihydroartemisinin compared with the control group.The expression of cyclin D1 protein was decreased,while the expression of caspase-3 protein was increased in treated group.Conclusions:Dihydroartemisinin could inhibit the proliferation through stopping the cell cycle and inducing the apoptosis in neuroblastoma SH-SY5 Y cells.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.41941010,41771064 and 41776195)the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No.2016YFC1400303)the Basic Fund of the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (Grant No.2018Z001)。
文摘Long-term,ground-based daily global solar radiation (DGSR) at Zhongshan Station in Antarctica can quantitatively reveal the basic characteristics of Earth’s surface radiation balance and validate satellite data for the Antarctic region.The fixed station was established in 1989,and conventional radiation observations started much later in 2008.In this study,a random forest (RF) model for estimating DGSR is developed using ground meteorological observation data,and a highprecision,long-term DGSR dataset is constructed.Then,the trend of DGSR from 1990 to 2019 at Zhongshan Station,Antarctica is analyzed.The RF model,which performs better than other models,shows a desirable performance of DGSR hindcast estimation with an R^2 of 0.984,root-mean-square error of 1.377 MJ m^(-2),and mean absolute error of 0.828 MJ m^(-2).The trend of DGSR annual anomalies increases during 1990–2004 and then begins to decrease after 2004.Note that the maximum value of annual anomalies occurs during approximately 2004/05 and is mainly related to the days with precipitation (especially those related to good weather during the polar day period) at this station.In addition to clouds and water vapor,bad weather conditions (such as snowfall,which can result in low visibility and then decreased sunshine duration and solar radiation) are the other major factors affecting solar radiation at this station.The high-precision,longterm estimated DGSR dataset enables further study and understanding of the role of Antarctica in global climate change and the interactions between snow,ice,and atmosphere.
基金supported by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(STEP)(2021QZKK0100)the National Key Research and Development Plans(2021YFC0863400)+2 种基金the National Key Research and Development Plans(2021YFC2300904)the National Natural Science Foundation of China General Program(42171144)the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Excellent Young Scientists Fund Program(42222105)。
文摘Mountain and polar glaciers cover 10%of the Earth’s surface and are typically extreme environments that challenge life of all forms.Viruses are abundant and active in supraglacial ecosystems and play a crucial role in controlling the supraglacial microbial communities.However,our understanding of virus ecology on glacier surfaces and their potential impacts on downstream ecosystems remains limited.Here,we present the supraglacial virus genome(SgVG)catalog,a 15-fold expanded genomic inventory of 10,840 DNAvirus species from 38 mountain and polar glaciers,spanning habitats such as snow,ice,meltwater,and cryoconite.Supraglacial DNA-viruses were highly specific compared to viruses in other ecosystems yet exhibited low public health risks.Supraglacial viral communities were primarily constrained by habitat,with cryoconite displaying the highest viral activity levels.We observed a prevalence of lytic viruses in all habitats,especially in cryoconite,but a high level of lysogenic viruses in snow and ice.Additionally,we found that supraglacial viruses could be linked to~83%of obtained prokaryotic phyla/classes and possessed the genetic potential to promote metabolism and increase cold adaptation,cell mobility,and phenolic carbon use of hosts in hostile environmental conditions using diverse auxiliary metabolic genes.Our results provide the first systematic characterization of the diversity,function,and public health risks evaluation of mountain and polar supraglacial DNA viruses.This understanding of glacial viruses is crucial for function assessments and ecological modeling of glacier ecosystems,especially for the Tibetan Plateau’s Mountain glaciers,which support~20%of the human populations on Earth.
