A sealed portal could significantly alter the flame shape and smoke flow characteristics in inclined tunnel fires.In inclined tunnels,two typical sealing conditions could be defined,namely the upper portal sealed and ...A sealed portal could significantly alter the flame shape and smoke flow characteristics in inclined tunnel fires.In inclined tunnels,two typical sealing conditions could be defined,namely the upper portal sealed and the lower portal sealed.In this study,the effects of tunnel slope on flame shape,flame length,along with smoke mass flow rate and induced velocity at the tunnel portal,are numerically investigated.The results show that,in all scenarios,flames initially rise vertically but tilt toward the sealed portal during the quasi-steady stage,with the largest tilt angle observed in tunnels sealed at the lower portal.The slope significantly affects the flame tilt angle.The flame tilt angle in tunnels with the lower portal sealed varies irregularly with the slope,while it decreases as the slope increases in tunnels with the upper portal sealed.Subsequently,the smoke mass flow rate and induced velocity at the tunnel portal are analyzed in detail.Drawing on the obtained data,the flame length prediction models for impinging flames and non-impinging flames under different sealing conditions are developed,along with dimensionless models for smoke mass flow rate and induced wind velocity.These findings provide a theoretical foundation for the formulation of fire rescue strategies and emergency evacuation plans in inclined tunnels with one portal sealed.展开更多
AIM: To compare apelin-13, a ligand of G-proteincoupled receptor which has been shown to be involved in retinal angiogenesis, and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) serum levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)...AIM: To compare apelin-13, a ligand of G-proteincoupled receptor which has been shown to be involved in retinal angiogenesis, and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) serum levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) with or without retinopathy, and to investigate the relationship between the serum concentration of apelin-13 and diabetes retinopathy.METHODS: Sixty-nine patients with T2 DM were enrolled.Of the 69 patients, 16 had proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR group), 23 had non-PDR(NPDR group)and 30 had no retinopathy(T2DM group). Subjects’ information, including demographics, medical history,and use of medications were recorded. Their serum samples were collected for measuring the levels of C-reactive protein(CRP), serum lipid and glycosylated hemoglobin. Apelin-13 and VEGF serum levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Kruskal-Wallis test and one-way ANOVA were used to compare the differences among these groups. Chi-square test was used to assess categorical variables.Correlations between variables were investigated by Spearman rho correlation test and stepwise regression analysis. All statistical analyses were performed through SPSS 17.0 software.RESULTS: Sex, age, body mass index(BMI), blood pressure, CRP, hemoglobin A1c(Hb A1c) have no significantly difference in the three groups. Serum level of apelin-13 was significantly elevated in PDR group as compared with T2 DM group(P =0.041). Differences of VEGF serum concentration in the three groups were statistically significant(P =0.007, P =0.007 and P 【0.001,respectively). Spearman rho correlation test showed that serum apelin-13 was positively correlated with BMI,serum triglycerides, VEGF, but not with age, duration of diabetes, blood pressure, CRP, Hb A1 c and total-cholesterol. Stepwise regression analysis showed that BMI also significantly associated with serum apelin-13(P =0.002), while VEGF and serum triglycerides were irrelevant. CONCLUSION: This study elucidated a positive association of apelin-13 serum level with PDR, but not with VEGF. Apelin-13 may influence the promotion of PDR but unrelated with VEGF.展开更多
Multi-wall carbon nanotubes reinforced Mg-14Li-1Al composite(MWCNTs/Mg-14Li-1Al) was prepared by the processes of electrophoretic deposition, friction stir processing, and cold rolling. The microstructure and mechanic...Multi-wall carbon nanotubes reinforced Mg-14Li-1Al composite(MWCNTs/Mg-14Li-1Al) was prepared by the processes of electrophoretic deposition, friction stir processing, and cold rolling. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the composite were investigated. The results show that, the microhardness of the composite is up to HV 84.4, which is 91.38% higher than that of the as-cast matrix alloy(HV 44.1). The yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the composite are 259 and 313 MPa, which are 135.45% and 115.86% higher than those of the as-cast matrix alloy, respectively, and a high specific strength of 221.98 k N·m/kg is obtained. In the composite, the MWCNTs serve as nucleation particles during the friction stir processing and cold rolling, causing dynamic recrystallization and grain refinement. Furthermore, MWCNTs hinder the movement of dislocations and transfer the load from the matrix alloy, thus improving the strength.展开更多
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been widely reported in schizophrenia patients. To dissect the matrilineal structure of Han Chinese with or without schizophrenia and to decipher the maternal influence and evolutionary h...Mitochondrial dysfunction has been widely reported in schizophrenia patients. To dissect the matrilineal structure of Han Chinese with or without schizophrenia and to decipher the maternal influence and evolutionary history of schizophrenia, a total of 1212 schizophrenia patients and 1005 matched healthy controls, all of Han Chinese origin, were recruited in Hunan Province, China. We classified haplogroup for each individual based on mitochondrial DNA （mtDNA） sequence variations and compared the haplogroup distribution pattern between cases and controls. Haplogroup B5a presented a higher frequency in cases than in controls （P = 0.02, OR = 1.67, 95% CI = [1.09, 2.56]）, and this result could be confirmed by permutation analysis. Age estimation of haplogroup B5a in cases revealed a much younger age than that of controls, which was coincident with the Northern Hemisphere deglaciation at the end of the Last Glacial Maximum. Analysis of complete mtDNA in five patients belonging to haplogroup B5a showed that this background effect might be caused by haplogroup- defining variants m.8584G〉A and m.10398A〉G. Our results showed that matrilineal risk factor for schizophrenia had an ancient origin and might acquire a predisposing effect on schizophrenia due to the environment change and/or orchestration with other nuclear genetic factors appeared recently in human evolutionary history.展开更多
Objective To determine the possible association of anti-β1-adrenergic receptors(anti-β1-AR), anti-β2-AR and anti-α1-AR with carvedilol treatment in patients with heart failure(HF). Methods A total of 267 HF patien...Objective To determine the possible association of anti-β1-adrenergic receptors(anti-β1-AR), anti-β2-AR and anti-α1-AR with carvedilol treatment in patients with heart failure(HF). Methods A total of 267 HF patients were prospectively enrolled. Blood samples were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All of the patients received carvedilol for their HF. Each patient was followed up for six months and their cardiac function was measured. Results The final analysis encompassed 137 patients comprising 65 patients with three autoantibodies(positive group) and 72 patients without all three autoantibodies but with one or two autoantibodies(negative group). The frequency and geometric mean titer of anti-β1-AR, anti-β2-AR, and anti-α1-AR were significantly lower in the group without all three autoantibodies after six months of carvedilol treatment(all P < 0.01;from 100% to 57%, 50%, and 49%, respectively;and from 1: 118, 1: 138, and 1: 130 to 1: 72, 1: 61, and 1: 67, respectively). Furthermore, 28 patients in the positive group demonstrated complete ablation of autoantibodies. In addition, left ventricular remodelling and function was significantly improved by the use of carvedilol combined with the standard treatment regime for six months in the positive group(P < 0.01) when compared to the negative group(P < 0.05). Conclusions Carvedilol treatment significantly decreases frequency and geometric mean titer in patients with all three autoantibodies, even up to complete ablation, and significantly improved cardiac function and remodelling. The effect of carvedilol is probably correlated to the presence of all three autoantibodies.展开更多
DEAR EDITOR,Cognitive flexibility is crucial for animal survival but is frequently impaired in neuropsychiatric disorders.Although many brain structures and functional networks are involved in cognitive flexibility,th...DEAR EDITOR,Cognitive flexibility is crucial for animal survival but is frequently impaired in neuropsychiatric disorders.Although many brain structures and functional networks are involved in cognitive flexibility,the neural mechanisms underlying cooperation among specific functional networks remain unclear from a global perspective.In this study,[^(18)F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography(FDG-PET)was performed on 19 male tree shrews after four different visual discrimination tasks,including baseline,learning expert(LE),reversal naive(RN),and reversal expert(RE).展开更多
Plate subduction leads to complex exhumation processes on continents.The Huangling Massif lies at the northern margin of the South China Block.Whether the Huangling Massif was exhumed as a watershed of the middle reac...Plate subduction leads to complex exhumation processes on continents.The Huangling Massif lies at the northern margin of the South China Block.Whether the Huangling Massif was exhumed as a watershed of the middle reaches of the Paleo-Yangtze River during the Mesozoic remains under debate.We examined the exhumation history of the Huangling Massif based on six granite bedrock samples,using apatite fission track(AFT)and apatite and zircon(U-Th)/He(AHe and ZHe)thermochronology.These samples yielded ages of 157–132 Ma(ZHe),119–106 Ma(AFT),and 114–72 Ma(AHe),respectively.Thermal modeling revealed that three phases of rapid cooling occurred during the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous,late Early Cretaceous,and Late Cretaceous.These exhumation processes led to the high topographic relief responsible for the emergence of the Huangling Massif.The integrated of our new data with published sedimentological records suggests that the Huangling Massif might have been the watershed of the middle reaches of the Paleo-Yangtze River since the Cretaceous.At that time,the rivers flowed westward into the Sichuan Basin and eastward into the Jianghan Basin.The subduction of the Pacific Plate beneath the Asian continent in the Mesozoic deeply influenced the geomorphic evolution of the South China Block.展开更多
Objective: To compare the efficacy and toxicity between gemcitabine plus cisplatin and plus carboplatin in first-line treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: Gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 iv, d1, 8...Objective: To compare the efficacy and toxicity between gemcitabine plus cisplatin and plus carboplatin in first-line treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: Gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 iv, d1, 8; cisplatin 75 mg/m2 iv, d1, or 25 mg/m2 iv, d1-3; carboplatin AUC = 5 iv, d1; repeated every 21 days. Results: All 76 cases were available for objective response. Gemcitabine + cisplatin (GCis) group: among 33 cases, CR 1 case, PR 13 cases, MR 3 cases, SD 7 cases, PD 9 cases, response rate, disease control rate, time to progress (TTP), median survival time (MST) and 1-, 2-year survival rates were 42.42% (14/33), 72.73% (24/33), 5 months, 14 months and 66.67% (22/33), 12.12% (4/33), respectively; Gemcitabine + carboplatin (GCarb) group: among 43 cases, PR 13 cases, MR 11 cases, SD 7 cases, PD 12 cases, the results while comparing with those of GCis group were 30.23% (13/43), 72.09% (31/43), 4 months, 11 months and 48.84% (21/43), 2.33% (1/43), respectively. Among them, only MST between the two groups had significant statistic difference (χ2 = 2.45, P = 0.017). Mild to modest myelo-suppression as well as nausea and vomiting were observed. Conclusion: Both GCis and GCarb regimens had active and well-tolerated toxicity for advanced NSCLC. Cisplatin-based chemotherapy yields a substantial effective advantage over carboplatin-based regimens. Therefore, carboplatin and cisplatin are not equal-active and that cisplatin-based doublet regimens should remain the standard first-line therapy for patients with advanced NSCLC with good performance status.展开更多
Background:Botulinum toxin type A(BTX-A)is a neuromuscular blocking agent.BTX-A inhibits acetylcholine release,causes neuromuscular transmission impairment,and decreases muscle spasms.Objective:To explore the efficacy...Background:Botulinum toxin type A(BTX-A)is a neuromuscular blocking agent.BTX-A inhibits acetylcholine release,causes neuromuscular transmission impairment,and decreases muscle spasms.Objective:To explore the efficacy and safety of BTX-A injection in the treatment of spastic cerebral palsy through systematic evaluation and to provide a reference for the clinical use of BTX-A.Methods:We used“Cerebral palsy”and“BTX-A”as the subject terms and used a combination of subject terms and free words for the search.We searched 7 databases,including CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,Sinomed,PubMed,Embase,and Web of science.Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria,we screened the articles by reading their titles,abstracts,and full texts and finally included relevant literature for systematic evaluation.Result:A total of 93 papers were systematically evaluated,revealing that BTX-A injection treatment can effectively reduce muscle tone,increase joint mobility,improve gait and motor posture,and enhance gross motor movements in patients with spastic cerebral palsy.The benefits of BTX-A treatment can be sustained for 3–6 months,with motor ability improvement lasting up to 1 year.Combining BTX-A treatment with rehabilitation or external fixation therapy can enhance its efficacy.However,the effectiveness of BTX-A treatment is influenced by several factors,such as the dosage,number of injections,and patient age.Adverse reactions to BTX-A treatment are typically mild and can be relieved within 1–2 weeks.Conclusion:BTX-A injection is relatively safe but reversible.展开更多
The polymer-based solid-state electrolytes (PSEs) are promising for solid-state batteries but they have deficiencies such as low ionic conductivity, low lithium-ion transference number, and unstable electrode/electrol...The polymer-based solid-state electrolytes (PSEs) are promising for solid-state batteries but they have deficiencies such as low ionic conductivity, low lithium-ion transference number, and unstable electrode/electrolyte interface. Herein, we designed a hydroxyapatite nanowire doped with high-valence cations in anticipation of the formation of positively charged active sites on the nanowire surface. The higher surface activity can reduce the reaction activation energy on the nanowire surface and adsorb the anions in the PSEs as a way to improve the ionic conductivity and Li+ transference number of the PSEs. The active sites on the surface of the nanowires anchor the anions, thus increasing the Li+ transference number to 0.38, which effectively improves the ionic conductivity of the PSE to 1.58 × 10-4 S cm-1 at room temperature. At the same time, the composite polymer electrolyte has a wide electrochemical window. The lithium symmetric cell stably cycles for 800 h at a current density of 0.1 mA cm-2, and the LiFePO4||Li full cell steadily cycles for 180 cycles at a rate of 0.5 C with a capacity retention of 94.2 %. The ion doping strategy to change the surface electrical behavior of nanowires provides an idea to improve the ionic conductivity of solid-state electrolytes.展开更多
Self-renewal and differentiation of skeletal stem and progenitor cells(SSPCs)are tightly regulated processes,with SSPC dysregulation leading to progressive bone disease.While the application of single-cell RNA sequenc...Self-renewal and differentiation of skeletal stem and progenitor cells(SSPCs)are tightly regulated processes,with SSPC dysregulation leading to progressive bone disease.While the application of single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNAseq)to the bone field has led to major advancements in our understanding of SSPC heterogeneity,stem cells are tightly regulated by their neighboring cells which comprise the bone marrow niche.However,unbiased interrogation of these cells at the transcriptional level within their native niche environment has been challenging.Here,we combined spatial transcriptomics and scRNAseq using a predictive modeling pipeline derived from multiple deconvolution packages in adult mouse femurs to provide an endogenous,in vivo context of SSPCs within the niche.This combined approach localized SSPC subtypes to specific regions of the bone and identified cellular components and signaling networks utilized within the niche.Furthermore,the use of spatial transcriptomics allowed us to identify spatially restricted activation of metabolic and major morphogenetic signaling gradients derived from the vasculature and bone surfaces that establish microdomains within the marrow cavity.Overall,we demonstrate,for the first time,the feasibility of applying spatial transcriptomics to fully mineralized tissue and present a combined spatial and single-cell transcriptomic approach to define the cellular components of the stem cell niche,identify cell-cell communication,and ultimately gain a comprehensive understanding of local and global SSPC regulatory networks within calcified tissue.展开更多
In this paper,we study the existence of solutions for Kirchhoff equation■with mass constraint condition■where a,b,c>0,μ∈R,2<q<p<6,andλ∈R appears as a Lagrange multiplier.For the range of p and q,the ...In this paper,we study the existence of solutions for Kirchhoff equation■with mass constraint condition■where a,b,c>0,μ∈R,2<q<p<6,andλ∈R appears as a Lagrange multiplier.For the range of p and q,the Sobolev critical exponent 6 and mass critical exponent143are involved where corresponding energy functional is unbounded from below on Sc.We consider the focusing case,i.e.,μ>0 when(p,q)belongs to a certain domain in R2.We prove the existence of normalized solutions by using constraint minimization,concentration compactness principle and Minimax methods.We partially extend the results which have been studied.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the effect of liraglutide combined with basal insulin on blood glucose control, lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated by o...Objective:To investigate the effect of liraglutide combined with basal insulin on blood glucose control, lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated by obesity.Methods: A total of 58 patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated by obesity who were diagnosed and treated in Xi'an No. 4 Hospital between February 2017 and August 2017 were divided into the control group (n=29) who received basal insulin therapy and the liraglutide group (n=29) who received liraglutide combined with basal insulin therapy according to random number table. The differences in the levels of glycolipid metabolism indexes and the contents of oxidative stress indexes were compared between the two groups before and after treatment.Results: Before treatment, the differences in the levels of glycolipid metabolism indexes in peripheral blood and the contents of oxidative stress indexes in serum were not statistically significant between the two groups. After 1 month of treatment, glucose metabolism indexes FBG and HOMA-IR levels in peripheral blood of liraglutide group were lower than those of control group;lipid metabolism indexes TC, TG, ApoB levels in peripheral blood were lower than those of control group, ApoA1 level was higher than those of control group;serum oxidation indexes MDA and LHP contents were lower than those of control group whereas anti-oxidation indexes GSH-Px and T-AOC contents were higher than those of control group.Conclusion: Liraglutide combined with basal insulin therapy can further control the glucolipid metabolism levels and inhibit the systemic oxidative stress response in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated by obesity.展开更多
Objective:Jianpi huoxue decoction(JHD),a Chinese herbal formula,is commonly used for treating alcohol-associated liver disease(ALD).This study aimed to investigate the mechanism by which JHD affects intestinal barrier...Objective:Jianpi huoxue decoction(JHD),a Chinese herbal formula,is commonly used for treating alcohol-associated liver disease(ALD).This study aimed to investigate the mechanism by which JHD affects intestinal barrier function in ALD rats.Methods:The Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups:control group,model group and JHD group.They were pair-fed a modified Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet containing alcohol(model group,n=10;JHD group,n=10)or isocaloric maltose dextrin(control group,n=10)for 6 weeks.After 3 weeks of feeding,the mice in the JHD group were given JHD(10 mL/kg/day)by gavage for 3 weeks,and those in the control and model groups received equal amounts of double-distilled water for the same period of time.Afterwards,all the rats were given lipopolysaccharide(LPS)by gavage and sacrificed 3.5 h later.LPS levels were measured in the portal blood to evaluate gut leakage.Transmission electron microscopy(TEM)was used to observe ultrastructural changes in the intestinal tract.Adherens junction(AJ)and tight junction(TJ)proteins were detected by Western blotting,immunofluorescence or immunohistochemistry.Results:JHD ameliorated Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet-induced hepatic steatosis,inflammation and LPS expression.It improved pathological changes in the liver and alleviated intestinal ultrastructure injury.Moreover,it significantly enhanced the integrity of tight junctions by increasing the expression of zonula occludens‐1(ZO-1)and occludin.It suppressed the activation of myosin light chain(MLC)phosphorylation.Conclusion:JHD improves intestinal barrier function and reduces gut leakiness in ALD rats.展开更多
Background:Glioblastoma multiforme(GBM)is a kind of extremely malignant brain tumor with a poor prognosis.The problem of high recurrence rates and drug resistance has been difficult to solve.Cuproptosis is a newly dis...Background:Glioblastoma multiforme(GBM)is a kind of extremely malignant brain tumor with a poor prognosis.The problem of high recurrence rates and drug resistance has been difficult to solve.Cuproptosis is a newly discovered mode of cell death,which is related to the occurrence and progression of GBM.Methods:We screened TCGA and GEO databases to comprehensively analyze the regulation patterns of cuproptosis in GBM based on cuproptosis-related genes(CRGs).The expression levels,copy number variants(CNV),and mutation of CRGs in GBM were probed.Different regulation patterns of cuproptosis were identified and performed GSVA analysis.Then we constructed a prognostic model based on genes that were differentially expressed in all regulation patterns.The immune cells and tumor microenvironment in different risk groups were compared.Finally,the potential therapeutic drugs were predicted.Results:We identified two key differentially expressed genes under different regulation patterns of cuproptosis and constructed a risk prognostic model.There were significant differences in immune infiltration and drug sensitivity between high and low risk groups.Conclusions:We established a risk prognostic model based on two genes and explored its relationship with immune characteristics,which might help to assess the prognosis and treatment sensitivity to immune and targeted therapy of GBM patients.展开更多
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under Grant No.52208115Science and Technology Support Plan for Youth Innovation of Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province of Chain(No.2023KJ122)+2 种基金Leading Researcher Studio Fund of Jinan(No.202333050)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2024ME027)Young Talent of Lifting engineering for Science and Technology in Shandong,China(SDAST2024QTA077).
文摘A sealed portal could significantly alter the flame shape and smoke flow characteristics in inclined tunnel fires.In inclined tunnels,two typical sealing conditions could be defined,namely the upper portal sealed and the lower portal sealed.In this study,the effects of tunnel slope on flame shape,flame length,along with smoke mass flow rate and induced velocity at the tunnel portal,are numerically investigated.The results show that,in all scenarios,flames initially rise vertically but tilt toward the sealed portal during the quasi-steady stage,with the largest tilt angle observed in tunnels sealed at the lower portal.The slope significantly affects the flame tilt angle.The flame tilt angle in tunnels with the lower portal sealed varies irregularly with the slope,while it decreases as the slope increases in tunnels with the upper portal sealed.Subsequently,the smoke mass flow rate and induced velocity at the tunnel portal are analyzed in detail.Drawing on the obtained data,the flame length prediction models for impinging flames and non-impinging flames under different sealing conditions are developed,along with dimensionless models for smoke mass flow rate and induced wind velocity.These findings provide a theoretical foundation for the formulation of fire rescue strategies and emergency evacuation plans in inclined tunnels with one portal sealed.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30971392 No.81170741)Science Foundation of Xi'an Bureau of Public Health (No.2013020)
文摘AIM: To compare apelin-13, a ligand of G-proteincoupled receptor which has been shown to be involved in retinal angiogenesis, and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) serum levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) with or without retinopathy, and to investigate the relationship between the serum concentration of apelin-13 and diabetes retinopathy.METHODS: Sixty-nine patients with T2 DM were enrolled.Of the 69 patients, 16 had proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR group), 23 had non-PDR(NPDR group)and 30 had no retinopathy(T2DM group). Subjects’ information, including demographics, medical history,and use of medications were recorded. Their serum samples were collected for measuring the levels of C-reactive protein(CRP), serum lipid and glycosylated hemoglobin. Apelin-13 and VEGF serum levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Kruskal-Wallis test and one-way ANOVA were used to compare the differences among these groups. Chi-square test was used to assess categorical variables.Correlations between variables were investigated by Spearman rho correlation test and stepwise regression analysis. All statistical analyses were performed through SPSS 17.0 software.RESULTS: Sex, age, body mass index(BMI), blood pressure, CRP, hemoglobin A1c(Hb A1c) have no significantly difference in the three groups. Serum level of apelin-13 was significantly elevated in PDR group as compared with T2 DM group(P =0.041). Differences of VEGF serum concentration in the three groups were statistically significant(P =0.007, P =0.007 and P 【0.001,respectively). Spearman rho correlation test showed that serum apelin-13 was positively correlated with BMI,serum triglycerides, VEGF, but not with age, duration of diabetes, blood pressure, CRP, Hb A1 c and total-cholesterol. Stepwise regression analysis showed that BMI also significantly associated with serum apelin-13(P =0.002), while VEGF and serum triglycerides were irrelevant. CONCLUSION: This study elucidated a positive association of apelin-13 serum level with PDR, but not with VEGF. Apelin-13 may influence the promotion of PDR but unrelated with VEGF.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51871068, 51971071, 52011530025, and U21A2049)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2021YFE0103200)+1 种基金the Zhejiang Province Key Research and Development Program, China (No. 2021C01086)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China (No. 3072021CFT1010)。
文摘Multi-wall carbon nanotubes reinforced Mg-14Li-1Al composite(MWCNTs/Mg-14Li-1Al) was prepared by the processes of electrophoretic deposition, friction stir processing, and cold rolling. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the composite were investigated. The results show that, the microhardness of the composite is up to HV 84.4, which is 91.38% higher than that of the as-cast matrix alloy(HV 44.1). The yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the composite are 259 and 313 MPa, which are 135.45% and 115.86% higher than those of the as-cast matrix alloy, respectively, and a high specific strength of 221.98 k N·m/kg is obtained. In the composite, the MWCNTs serve as nucleation particles during the friction stir processing and cold rolling, causing dynamic recrystallization and grain refinement. Furthermore, MWCNTs hinder the movement of dislocations and transfer the load from the matrix alloy, thus improving the strength.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Nos.2011CB910902 and 2012CB517904)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31171225,81371480,81271484 and 30925021)
文摘Mitochondrial dysfunction has been widely reported in schizophrenia patients. To dissect the matrilineal structure of Han Chinese with or without schizophrenia and to decipher the maternal influence and evolutionary history of schizophrenia, a total of 1212 schizophrenia patients and 1005 matched healthy controls, all of Han Chinese origin, were recruited in Hunan Province, China. We classified haplogroup for each individual based on mitochondrial DNA （mtDNA） sequence variations and compared the haplogroup distribution pattern between cases and controls. Haplogroup B5a presented a higher frequency in cases than in controls （P = 0.02, OR = 1.67, 95% CI = [1.09, 2.56]）, and this result could be confirmed by permutation analysis. Age estimation of haplogroup B5a in cases revealed a much younger age than that of controls, which was coincident with the Northern Hemisphere deglaciation at the end of the Last Glacial Maximum. Analysis of complete mtDNA in five patients belonging to haplogroup B5a showed that this background effect might be caused by haplogroup- defining variants m.8584G〉A and m.10398A〉G. Our results showed that matrilineal risk factor for schizophrenia had an ancient origin and might acquire a predisposing effect on schizophrenia due to the environment change and/or orchestration with other nuclear genetic factors appeared recently in human evolutionary history.
基金the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (No. 7174306)。
文摘Objective To determine the possible association of anti-β1-adrenergic receptors(anti-β1-AR), anti-β2-AR and anti-α1-AR with carvedilol treatment in patients with heart failure(HF). Methods A total of 267 HF patients were prospectively enrolled. Blood samples were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All of the patients received carvedilol for their HF. Each patient was followed up for six months and their cardiac function was measured. Results The final analysis encompassed 137 patients comprising 65 patients with three autoantibodies(positive group) and 72 patients without all three autoantibodies but with one or two autoantibodies(negative group). The frequency and geometric mean titer of anti-β1-AR, anti-β2-AR, and anti-α1-AR were significantly lower in the group without all three autoantibodies after six months of carvedilol treatment(all P < 0.01;from 100% to 57%, 50%, and 49%, respectively;and from 1: 118, 1: 138, and 1: 130 to 1: 72, 1: 61, and 1: 67, respectively). Furthermore, 28 patients in the positive group demonstrated complete ablation of autoantibodies. In addition, left ventricular remodelling and function was significantly improved by the use of carvedilol combined with the standard treatment regime for six months in the positive group(P < 0.01) when compared to the negative group(P < 0.05). Conclusions Carvedilol treatment significantly decreases frequency and geometric mean titer in patients with all three autoantibodies, even up to complete ablation, and significantly improved cardiac function and remodelling. The effect of carvedilol is probably correlated to the presence of all three autoantibodies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11975249,81771923,12175268,32071029,31861143037)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021T140668)Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB32020000)。
文摘DEAR EDITOR,Cognitive flexibility is crucial for animal survival but is frequently impaired in neuropsychiatric disorders.Although many brain structures and functional networks are involved in cognitive flexibility,the neural mechanisms underlying cooperation among specific functional networks remain unclear from a global perspective.In this study,[^(18)F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography(FDG-PET)was performed on 19 male tree shrews after four different visual discrimination tasks,including baseline,learning expert(LE),reversal naive(RN),and reversal expert(RE).
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41671011,41871019,41877292,41972212)Research Foundation of Chutian Scholars Program of Hubei Province(Grant No.8210403)Shanxi Key Research and Development program:Feng Cheng(Grant No.2021SF2-03).
文摘Plate subduction leads to complex exhumation processes on continents.The Huangling Massif lies at the northern margin of the South China Block.Whether the Huangling Massif was exhumed as a watershed of the middle reaches of the Paleo-Yangtze River during the Mesozoic remains under debate.We examined the exhumation history of the Huangling Massif based on six granite bedrock samples,using apatite fission track(AFT)and apatite and zircon(U-Th)/He(AHe and ZHe)thermochronology.These samples yielded ages of 157–132 Ma(ZHe),119–106 Ma(AFT),and 114–72 Ma(AHe),respectively.Thermal modeling revealed that three phases of rapid cooling occurred during the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous,late Early Cretaceous,and Late Cretaceous.These exhumation processes led to the high topographic relief responsible for the emergence of the Huangling Massif.The integrated of our new data with published sedimentological records suggests that the Huangling Massif might have been the watershed of the middle reaches of the Paleo-Yangtze River since the Cretaceous.At that time,the rivers flowed westward into the Sichuan Basin and eastward into the Jianghan Basin.The subduction of the Pacific Plate beneath the Asian continent in the Mesozoic deeply influenced the geomorphic evolution of the South China Block.
基金Scientific and Technical Development Project of Jiangsu Province (No. BS2006005)
文摘Objective: To compare the efficacy and toxicity between gemcitabine plus cisplatin and plus carboplatin in first-line treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: Gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 iv, d1, 8; cisplatin 75 mg/m2 iv, d1, or 25 mg/m2 iv, d1-3; carboplatin AUC = 5 iv, d1; repeated every 21 days. Results: All 76 cases were available for objective response. Gemcitabine + cisplatin (GCis) group: among 33 cases, CR 1 case, PR 13 cases, MR 3 cases, SD 7 cases, PD 9 cases, response rate, disease control rate, time to progress (TTP), median survival time (MST) and 1-, 2-year survival rates were 42.42% (14/33), 72.73% (24/33), 5 months, 14 months and 66.67% (22/33), 12.12% (4/33), respectively; Gemcitabine + carboplatin (GCarb) group: among 43 cases, PR 13 cases, MR 11 cases, SD 7 cases, PD 12 cases, the results while comparing with those of GCis group were 30.23% (13/43), 72.09% (31/43), 4 months, 11 months and 48.84% (21/43), 2.33% (1/43), respectively. Among them, only MST between the two groups had significant statistic difference (χ2 = 2.45, P = 0.017). Mild to modest myelo-suppression as well as nausea and vomiting were observed. Conclusion: Both GCis and GCarb regimens had active and well-tolerated toxicity for advanced NSCLC. Cisplatin-based chemotherapy yields a substantial effective advantage over carboplatin-based regimens. Therefore, carboplatin and cisplatin are not equal-active and that cisplatin-based doublet regimens should remain the standard first-line therapy for patients with advanced NSCLC with good performance status.
文摘Background:Botulinum toxin type A(BTX-A)is a neuromuscular blocking agent.BTX-A inhibits acetylcholine release,causes neuromuscular transmission impairment,and decreases muscle spasms.Objective:To explore the efficacy and safety of BTX-A injection in the treatment of spastic cerebral palsy through systematic evaluation and to provide a reference for the clinical use of BTX-A.Methods:We used“Cerebral palsy”and“BTX-A”as the subject terms and used a combination of subject terms and free words for the search.We searched 7 databases,including CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,Sinomed,PubMed,Embase,and Web of science.Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria,we screened the articles by reading their titles,abstracts,and full texts and finally included relevant literature for systematic evaluation.Result:A total of 93 papers were systematically evaluated,revealing that BTX-A injection treatment can effectively reduce muscle tone,increase joint mobility,improve gait and motor posture,and enhance gross motor movements in patients with spastic cerebral palsy.The benefits of BTX-A treatment can be sustained for 3–6 months,with motor ability improvement lasting up to 1 year.Combining BTX-A treatment with rehabilitation or external fixation therapy can enhance its efficacy.However,the effectiveness of BTX-A treatment is influenced by several factors,such as the dosage,number of injections,and patient age.Adverse reactions to BTX-A treatment are typically mild and can be relieved within 1–2 weeks.Conclusion:BTX-A injection is relatively safe but reversible.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52272234 and 51832004)the Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province(No.2021BAA070)+1 种基金the Independent Innovation Projects of the Hubei Longzhong Laboratory(No.2022ZZ-20)the Sanya Science and Education Innovation Park of Wuhan University of Technology(No.2021KF0011).
文摘The polymer-based solid-state electrolytes (PSEs) are promising for solid-state batteries but they have deficiencies such as low ionic conductivity, low lithium-ion transference number, and unstable electrode/electrolyte interface. Herein, we designed a hydroxyapatite nanowire doped with high-valence cations in anticipation of the formation of positively charged active sites on the nanowire surface. The higher surface activity can reduce the reaction activation energy on the nanowire surface and adsorb the anions in the PSEs as a way to improve the ionic conductivity and Li+ transference number of the PSEs. The active sites on the surface of the nanowires anchor the anions, thus increasing the Li+ transference number to 0.38, which effectively improves the ionic conductivity of the PSE to 1.58 × 10-4 S cm-1 at room temperature. At the same time, the composite polymer electrolyte has a wide electrochemical window. The lithium symmetric cell stably cycles for 800 h at a current density of 0.1 mA cm-2, and the LiFePO4||Li full cell steadily cycles for 180 cycles at a rate of 0.5 C with a capacity retention of 94.2 %. The ion doping strategy to change the surface electrical behavior of nanowires provides an idea to improve the ionic conductivity of solid-state electrolytes.
基金funded by R01HD107034 and R21HD106162 by the NIH/NICHD(MCS)the Faculty of Surgery Pilot Research Award and grant HT94252310327 from the DoD(R.J.T.)。
文摘Self-renewal and differentiation of skeletal stem and progenitor cells(SSPCs)are tightly regulated processes,with SSPC dysregulation leading to progressive bone disease.While the application of single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNAseq)to the bone field has led to major advancements in our understanding of SSPC heterogeneity,stem cells are tightly regulated by their neighboring cells which comprise the bone marrow niche.However,unbiased interrogation of these cells at the transcriptional level within their native niche environment has been challenging.Here,we combined spatial transcriptomics and scRNAseq using a predictive modeling pipeline derived from multiple deconvolution packages in adult mouse femurs to provide an endogenous,in vivo context of SSPCs within the niche.This combined approach localized SSPC subtypes to specific regions of the bone and identified cellular components and signaling networks utilized within the niche.Furthermore,the use of spatial transcriptomics allowed us to identify spatially restricted activation of metabolic and major morphogenetic signaling gradients derived from the vasculature and bone surfaces that establish microdomains within the marrow cavity.Overall,we demonstrate,for the first time,the feasibility of applying spatial transcriptomics to fully mineralized tissue and present a combined spatial and single-cell transcriptomic approach to define the cellular components of the stem cell niche,identify cell-cell communication,and ultimately gain a comprehensive understanding of local and global SSPC regulatory networks within calcified tissue.
基金Supported by the Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2022A1515010644)。
文摘In this paper,we study the existence of solutions for Kirchhoff equation■with mass constraint condition■where a,b,c>0,μ∈R,2<q<p<6,andλ∈R appears as a Lagrange multiplier.For the range of p and q,the Sobolev critical exponent 6 and mass critical exponent143are involved where corresponding energy functional is unbounded from below on Sc.We consider the focusing case,i.e.,μ>0 when(p,q)belongs to a certain domain in R2.We prove the existence of normalized solutions by using constraint minimization,concentration compactness principle and Minimax methods.We partially extend the results which have been studied.
文摘Objective:To investigate the effect of liraglutide combined with basal insulin on blood glucose control, lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated by obesity.Methods: A total of 58 patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated by obesity who were diagnosed and treated in Xi'an No. 4 Hospital between February 2017 and August 2017 were divided into the control group (n=29) who received basal insulin therapy and the liraglutide group (n=29) who received liraglutide combined with basal insulin therapy according to random number table. The differences in the levels of glycolipid metabolism indexes and the contents of oxidative stress indexes were compared between the two groups before and after treatment.Results: Before treatment, the differences in the levels of glycolipid metabolism indexes in peripheral blood and the contents of oxidative stress indexes in serum were not statistically significant between the two groups. After 1 month of treatment, glucose metabolism indexes FBG and HOMA-IR levels in peripheral blood of liraglutide group were lower than those of control group;lipid metabolism indexes TC, TG, ApoB levels in peripheral blood were lower than those of control group, ApoA1 level was higher than those of control group;serum oxidation indexes MDA and LHP contents were lower than those of control group whereas anti-oxidation indexes GSH-Px and T-AOC contents were higher than those of control group.Conclusion: Liraglutide combined with basal insulin therapy can further control the glucolipid metabolism levels and inhibit the systemic oxidative stress response in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated by obesity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30801536).
文摘Objective:Jianpi huoxue decoction(JHD),a Chinese herbal formula,is commonly used for treating alcohol-associated liver disease(ALD).This study aimed to investigate the mechanism by which JHD affects intestinal barrier function in ALD rats.Methods:The Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups:control group,model group and JHD group.They were pair-fed a modified Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet containing alcohol(model group,n=10;JHD group,n=10)or isocaloric maltose dextrin(control group,n=10)for 6 weeks.After 3 weeks of feeding,the mice in the JHD group were given JHD(10 mL/kg/day)by gavage for 3 weeks,and those in the control and model groups received equal amounts of double-distilled water for the same period of time.Afterwards,all the rats were given lipopolysaccharide(LPS)by gavage and sacrificed 3.5 h later.LPS levels were measured in the portal blood to evaluate gut leakage.Transmission electron microscopy(TEM)was used to observe ultrastructural changes in the intestinal tract.Adherens junction(AJ)and tight junction(TJ)proteins were detected by Western blotting,immunofluorescence or immunohistochemistry.Results:JHD ameliorated Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet-induced hepatic steatosis,inflammation and LPS expression.It improved pathological changes in the liver and alleviated intestinal ultrastructure injury.Moreover,it significantly enhanced the integrity of tight junctions by increasing the expression of zonula occludens‐1(ZO-1)and occludin.It suppressed the activation of myosin light chain(MLC)phosphorylation.Conclusion:JHD improves intestinal barrier function and reduces gut leakiness in ALD rats.
文摘Background:Glioblastoma multiforme(GBM)is a kind of extremely malignant brain tumor with a poor prognosis.The problem of high recurrence rates and drug resistance has been difficult to solve.Cuproptosis is a newly discovered mode of cell death,which is related to the occurrence and progression of GBM.Methods:We screened TCGA and GEO databases to comprehensively analyze the regulation patterns of cuproptosis in GBM based on cuproptosis-related genes(CRGs).The expression levels,copy number variants(CNV),and mutation of CRGs in GBM were probed.Different regulation patterns of cuproptosis were identified and performed GSVA analysis.Then we constructed a prognostic model based on genes that were differentially expressed in all regulation patterns.The immune cells and tumor microenvironment in different risk groups were compared.Finally,the potential therapeutic drugs were predicted.Results:We identified two key differentially expressed genes under different regulation patterns of cuproptosis and constructed a risk prognostic model.There were significant differences in immune infiltration and drug sensitivity between high and low risk groups.Conclusions:We established a risk prognostic model based on two genes and explored its relationship with immune characteristics,which might help to assess the prognosis and treatment sensitivity to immune and targeted therapy of GBM patients.
