Microbial fouling is an important challenge in water recovery system of manned spacecrafts for longer term missions.Microbial fouling of 5A06 aluminium alloy induced by typical extreme environment-resistant bacteria i...Microbial fouling is an important challenge in water recovery system of manned spacecrafts for longer term missions.Microbial fouling of 5A06 aluminium alloy induced by typical extreme environment-resistant bacteria in oligotrophic solutions of simulated condensate of manned spacecraft was investigated.Bacillus cereus showed poor survival ability to oligotrophic environments,and a small amount of remaining live B.cereus cells mainly existed in the form of spores without forming biofilms.And when B.cereus was mixed cultured with Cupriavidus metallidurans,the system was mainly affected by C.metallidurans biofilms rather than B.cereus cells.C.metallidurans could promote the thickness of passive films of aluminum alloy,so C.metallidurans posed a minor threat to the corrosion of 5A06 aluminum alloy.However,C.metallidurans showed strong adaptability to oligotrophic environments and formed a large number of biofilms.And the contamination threat of C.metallidurans still dominated even cultured with B.cereus.Even when cultured with B.cereus,the threat of contamination from C.metallidurans still pre-dominates.Therefore,C.metallidurans would pose a threat of microbial fouling to the oligotrophic water recovery system of manned spacecrafts.展开更多
Persistent and maladaptive drug-related memories represent a key component in drug addiction.Converging evidence from both preclinical and clinical studies has demonstrated the potential efficacy of the memory reconso...Persistent and maladaptive drug-related memories represent a key component in drug addiction.Converging evidence from both preclinical and clinical studies has demonstrated the potential efficacy of the memory reconsolidation updating procedure(MRUP),a non-pharmacological strategy intertwining two distinct memory processes:reconsolidation and extinction—alternatively termed“the memory retrieval-extinction procedure”.This procedure presents a promising approach to attenuate,if not erase,entrenched drug memories and prevent relapse.The present review delineates the applications,molecular underpinnings,and operational boundaries of MRUP in the context of various forms of substance dependence.Furthermore,we critically examine the methodological limitations of MRUP,postulating potential refinement to optimize its therapeutic efficacy.In addition,we also look at the potential integration of MRUP and neurostimulation treatments in the domain of substance addiction.Overall,existing studies underscore the significant potential of MRUP,suggesting that interventions predicated on it could herald a promising avenue to enhance clinical outcomes in substance addiction therapy.展开更多
Psychiatric disorders constitute a complex health issue,primarily manifesting as significant disturbances in cognition,emotional regulation,and behavior.However,due to limited resources within health care systems,only...Psychiatric disorders constitute a complex health issue,primarily manifesting as significant disturbances in cognition,emotional regulation,and behavior.However,due to limited resources within health care systems,only a minority of patients can access effective treatment and care services,highlighting an urgent need for improvement.large language models(LLMs),with their natural language understanding and generation capabilities,are gradually penetrating the entire process of psychiatric diagnosis and treatment,including outpatient reception,diagnosis and therapy,clinical nursing,medication safety,and prognosis follow-up.They hold promise for improving the current severe shortage of health system resources and promoting equal access to mental health care.This article reviews the application scenarios and research progress of LLMs.It explores optimization methods for LLMs in psychiatry.Based on the research findings,we propose a clinical LLM for mental health using the Mixture of Experts framework to improve the accuracy of psychiatric diagnosis and therapeutic interventions.展开更多
BACKGROUND Brain-computer interface(BCI)technology is rapidly advancing in psychiatry.Informed consent competency(ICC)assessment among psychiatric patients is a pivotal concern in clinical research.AIM To analyze the ...BACKGROUND Brain-computer interface(BCI)technology is rapidly advancing in psychiatry.Informed consent competency(ICC)assessment among psychiatric patients is a pivotal concern in clinical research.AIM To analyze the assessment of ICC and form a framework with multi-dimensional elements involved in ICC of BCI clinical research among psychiatric disorders.METHODS A systematic review of studies regarding ICC assessments of BCI clinical research in patients with six kinds of psychiatric disorders was conducted.A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed,ScienceDirect,and Web of Science.Peer-reviewed articles and full-text studies were included in the analysis.There were no date restrictions,and all studies published up to February 27,2025,were included.RESULTS A total of 103 studies were selected for this review.Fifty-eight studies included ICC factors,and forty-five were classified in ICC related ethical issues of BCI research in six kinds of psychiatric disorders.Executive function impairment is widely recognized as the most significant factor impacting ICC,and processing speed deficits are observed in schizophrenia,mood disorders,and Alzheimer’s disease.Memory dysfunction,particularly episodic and working memory,contributes to compromised ICC.Five core ethical issues in BCI research should be addressed:BCI specificity,vulnerability,autonomy,dynamic ICC,comprehensiveness,and uncertainty.CONCLUSION A Five-Dimensional evaluative framework,including clinical,ethical,sociocultural,legal,and procedural dimensions,is constructed and proposed for future ICC research in BCI clinical research involving psychiatric disorders.展开更多
Objective： Coronary collateral circulation is an alternative source of blood supply to myocardium in the presence of advanced coronary artery disease. We sought to determine which clinical and angiographic variables ...Objective： Coronary collateral circulation is an alternative source of blood supply to myocardium in the presence of advanced coronary artery disease. We sought to determine which clinical and angiographic variables are associated with collateral development in patients with stable angina and chronic total coronary occlusion. Methods： Demographic variables, biochemical measurements, and angiographic findings were collected from 478 patients with stable angina and chronic total coronary occlusion. The presence and extent of collaterals supplying the distal aspect of a total coronary occlusion from the contra-lateral vessel were graded from 0 to 3 according to the Rentrop scoring system. Results： Low （Rentrop score of 0 or 1） and high （Rentrop score of 2 or 3） coronary collateralizations were detected in 186 and 292 patients, respectively. Despite similar age, cigarette smoking, and medical treatment, patients with low collateralization were female in a higher proportion and less hypertensive, and had higher rates of type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia than those with high coUateralization （for all comparisons, P〈0.05）. In addition, patients with low collateralization exhibited more single-vessel disease, less right coronary artery occlusion, more impaired renal function, and higher serum levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein （hsCRP） compared with those with high col- lateralization. Multivariate analysis revealed that age of 〉65 years, female gender, diabetes, no history of hypertension dyslipidemia, moderate to severe renal dysfunction, single-vessel disease, and elevated hsCRP levels were inde- pendently associated with low coronary collateralization. Conclusions： Coronary collateralization was reduced in almost 40% of stable angina patients with chronic total occlusion, which was related to clinical and angiographic factors. The impact of coronary collateralization on outcomes after revascularization needs further investigation.展开更多
A rectangle crevice assembly was used to study the effects of cathodic protection （CP） potential, crevice thickness, holiday size, bubbling CO2, and surface condition on the chemical and electrochemical environment ...A rectangle crevice assembly was used to study the effects of cathodic protection （CP） potential, crevice thickness, holiday size, bubbling CO2, and surface condition on the chemical and electrochemical environment of the local solution under disbonded coatings. It is found that the cathodic protection removes dissolved oxygen from the crevice and thus shifts the solution to a more al- kaline state. Furthermore, the potential of the steel reaches the protected potential range. The available protection distance increases with the negative applying potential. The steady potential and pH distribution are easily achieved, but the polarization degree is not satisfied within the thinner crevice. The difference in the solution environment is found to correlate to the holiday size. The smaller the holiday, the smaller the difference is. The presence of CO2 inhibits the formation of an alkaline environment. It is also found that the rust layer dramatically decreases the polarization rate in the crevice.展开更多
The urgent need for immediate personal protection against chemical warfare agents(CWAs)spurs the requirement on robust and highly efficient catalytic systems that can be conveniently integrated to wearable devices.Her...The urgent need for immediate personal protection against chemical warfare agents(CWAs)spurs the requirement on robust and highly efficient catalytic systems that can be conveniently integrated to wearable devices.Herein,as a new concept for CWA decontamination catalyst design,sub-nanoscale,catalytically active zirconium-oxo molecular clusters are covalently integrated in flexible polymer network as crosslinkers for the full exposure of catalytic sites as well as robust framework structures.The obtained membrane catalysts exhibit high swelling ratio with aqueous content as 84 wt%and therefore,demonstrate quasi-homogeneous catalytic activity toward the rapid hydrolysis of both CWA,soman(GD)(t_(1/2)=5.0 min)and CWA simulant,methyl paraoxon(DMNP)(t_(1/2)=8.9 min).Meanwhile,due to the covalent nature of cross-linkages and the high flexibility of polymer strands,the membranes possess promising mechanical strength and toughness that can stand the impact of high gas pressures and show high permeation for both CO_(2)and O_(2),enabling their extended applications in the field of collective/personal protective materials with body comfort.展开更多
Purpose:To investigate how long indocyanine green (ICG) remains in the fundus after vitreoretinal surgery assisted with ICG,and to identify factors that influence the persistence duration.Methods:Fifty five eyes diagn...Purpose:To investigate how long indocyanine green (ICG) remains in the fundus after vitreoretinal surgery assisted with ICG,and to identify factors that influence the persistence duration.Methods:Fifty five eyes diagnosed as idiopathic macular hole (Stage 2 and 3) were randomly divided into five groups.ICG solution at concentrations of 5,2.5,2.5,1.25,and 0.5 mg/ml,employed in cases of Group I to V respectively,was applied to stain the internal limiting membrane(ILM) during the procedure of internal limiting membrane peeling..A prospective study was carried out after pars plana vitrectomy and ILM peeling were performed on 55 eyes with Stage 2,3,or 4 idiopathic macular holes..Infrared fundus pictures were obtained in all patients before and after surgery.Results:High levels of fluorescence from residual ICG (ICG hyperfluorescence) were mainly localized at the posterior pole of the fundus after surgery.In Group Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ and Ⅴ,the duration of persistence of flurorescence from ICG was 8.33±0.87,3.59±0.94,3.75±0.79,2.30±0.48,and 1.29±0.49 months,respectively.Although no significant difference was detected between Group Ⅱ and Group Ⅲ,the general inter-group difference was significant among the five groups in which different ICG concentration was applied.In Group Ⅲ,even though 90% of the macular holes acquired anatomical closure,ICG hyperfluorescence was detected in the macular area.Conclusion:ICG remains in the fundus for a period of months.The persistence duration of fluorescence from ICG is positively correlated with the concentration and the staining time of ICG.Hyaluronan is beneficial in reducing the amount of ICG residue in the macular area.展开更多
Brain-computer interface(BCI)technology is rapidly advancing in medical research and application.As an emerging biomedical engineering technology,it has garnered significant attention in the clinical research of brain...Brain-computer interface(BCI)technology is rapidly advancing in medical research and application.As an emerging biomedical engineering technology,it has garnered significant attention in the clinical research of brain disease diagnosis and treatment,neurological rehabilitation,and mental health.However,BCI also raises several challenges and ethical concerns in clinical research.In this article,the authors investigate and discuss three aspects of BCI in medicine and healthcare:the state of international ethical governance,multidimensional ethical challenges pertaining to BCI in clinical research,and suggestive concerns for ethical review.Despite the great potential of frontier BCI research and development in the field of medical care,the ethical challenges induced by itself and the complexities of clinical research and brain function have put forward new special fields for ethics in BCI.To ensure"responsible innovation"in BCI research in healthcare and medicine,the creation of an ethical global governance framework and system,along with special guidelines for cutting-edge BCI research in medicine,is suggested.展开更多
Based on the 3D seismic data and the analysis and test data of lithology,electricity,thin sections and chronology obtained from drilling of the Qiongdongnan Basin,the characteristics and the quantitative analysis of t...Based on the 3D seismic data and the analysis and test data of lithology,electricity,thin sections and chronology obtained from drilling of the Qiongdongnan Basin,the characteristics and the quantitative analysis of the source-sink system are studied of the third member of the Upper Oligocene Lingshui Formation(Ling 3 Member)in the southern fault step zone of the Baodao Sag.First,the YL10 denudation area of the Ling 3 Member mainly developed two fluvial systems in the east and west,resulting in the formation of two dominant sand transport channels and two delta lobes in southern Baodao Sag,which are generally large in the west and small in the east.The evolution of the delta has experienced four stages:initiation,prosperity,intermittence and rejuvenation.Second,the source-sink coupled quantitative calculation is performed depending on the parameters of the delta sand bodies,including development phases,distribution area,flattening thickness,area of different parent rocks,and sand-forming coefficient,showing that the study area has the material basis for the formation of large-scale reservoir.Third,the drilling reveals that the delta of the Ling 3 Member is dominated by fine sandstone,with total sandstone thickness of 109-138 m,maximum single-layer sandstone thickness of 15.5-30.0 m,and sand-to-strata ratio of 43.7%-73.0%,but the physical properties are different among the fault steps.Fourth,the large delta development model of the small source area in the step fault zone with multi-stage uplift is established.It suggests that the episodic uplift provides sufficient sediments,the fluvial system and watershed area control the scale of the sand body,the multi-step active fault steps dominate the sand body transport channel,and local fault troughs decide the lateral propulsion direction of the sand body.The delta of the Ling 3 Member is coupled with fault blocks to form diverse traps,which are critical exploration targets in southern Baodao Sag.展开更多
Thermoelectric generators(TEGs)play a critical role in collecting renewable energy fromthe sun and deep space to generate clean electricity.With their environmentally friendly,reliable,and noise-free operation,TEGs of...Thermoelectric generators(TEGs)play a critical role in collecting renewable energy fromthe sun and deep space to generate clean electricity.With their environmentally friendly,reliable,and noise-free operation,TEGs offer diverse applications,including areas with limited power infrastructure,microelectronic devices,and wearable technology.The review thoroughly analyses TEG system configurations,performance,and applications driven by solar and/or radiative cooling,covering non-concentrating,concentrating,radiative cooling-driven,and dual-mode TEGs.Materials for solar absorbers and radiative coolers,simulation techniques,energy storage management,and thermal management strategies are explored.The integration of TEGs with combined heat and power systems is identified as a promising application.Additionally,TEGs hold potential as charging sources for electronic devices.This comprehensive review provides valuable insights into this energy collection approach,facilitating improved efficiency,reduced costs,and expanded applications.It also highlights current limitations and knowledge gaps,emphasizing the importance of further research and development in unlocking the full potential of TEGs for a sustainable and efficient energy future.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51971032,52371048,and 52071019).
文摘Microbial fouling is an important challenge in water recovery system of manned spacecrafts for longer term missions.Microbial fouling of 5A06 aluminium alloy induced by typical extreme environment-resistant bacteria in oligotrophic solutions of simulated condensate of manned spacecraft was investigated.Bacillus cereus showed poor survival ability to oligotrophic environments,and a small amount of remaining live B.cereus cells mainly existed in the form of spores without forming biofilms.And when B.cereus was mixed cultured with Cupriavidus metallidurans,the system was mainly affected by C.metallidurans biofilms rather than B.cereus cells.C.metallidurans could promote the thickness of passive films of aluminum alloy,so C.metallidurans posed a minor threat to the corrosion of 5A06 aluminum alloy.However,C.metallidurans showed strong adaptability to oligotrophic environments and formed a large number of biofilms.And the contamination threat of C.metallidurans still dominated even cultured with B.cereus.Even when cultured with B.cereus,the threat of contamination from C.metallidurans still pre-dominates.Therefore,C.metallidurans would pose a threat of microbial fouling to the oligotrophic water recovery system of manned spacecrafts.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82071498,81871046,and 32161143022)STI2030-Major Projects(2022ZD0214500).
文摘Persistent and maladaptive drug-related memories represent a key component in drug addiction.Converging evidence from both preclinical and clinical studies has demonstrated the potential efficacy of the memory reconsolidation updating procedure(MRUP),a non-pharmacological strategy intertwining two distinct memory processes:reconsolidation and extinction—alternatively termed“the memory retrieval-extinction procedure”.This procedure presents a promising approach to attenuate,if not erase,entrenched drug memories and prevent relapse.The present review delineates the applications,molecular underpinnings,and operational boundaries of MRUP in the context of various forms of substance dependence.Furthermore,we critically examine the methodological limitations of MRUP,postulating potential refinement to optimize its therapeutic efficacy.In addition,we also look at the potential integration of MRUP and neurostimulation treatments in the domain of substance addiction.Overall,existing studies underscore the significant potential of MRUP,suggesting that interventions predicated on it could herald a promising avenue to enhance clinical outcomes in substance addiction therapy.
基金Supported by the STI2030-Major Projects,No.2021ZD0203400 and No.2021ZD0200800the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82171477。
文摘Psychiatric disorders constitute a complex health issue,primarily manifesting as significant disturbances in cognition,emotional regulation,and behavior.However,due to limited resources within health care systems,only a minority of patients can access effective treatment and care services,highlighting an urgent need for improvement.large language models(LLMs),with their natural language understanding and generation capabilities,are gradually penetrating the entire process of psychiatric diagnosis and treatment,including outpatient reception,diagnosis and therapy,clinical nursing,medication safety,and prognosis follow-up.They hold promise for improving the current severe shortage of health system resources and promoting equal access to mental health care.This article reviews the application scenarios and research progress of LLMs.It explores optimization methods for LLMs in psychiatry.Based on the research findings,we propose a clinical LLM for mental health using the Mixture of Experts framework to improve the accuracy of psychiatric diagnosis and therapeutic interventions.
基金Supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China(2021ZD0201900)Project 5,No.2021ZD0201905Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research,No.CFH 2022-2-4115.
文摘BACKGROUND Brain-computer interface(BCI)technology is rapidly advancing in psychiatry.Informed consent competency(ICC)assessment among psychiatric patients is a pivotal concern in clinical research.AIM To analyze the assessment of ICC and form a framework with multi-dimensional elements involved in ICC of BCI clinical research among psychiatric disorders.METHODS A systematic review of studies regarding ICC assessments of BCI clinical research in patients with six kinds of psychiatric disorders was conducted.A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed,ScienceDirect,and Web of Science.Peer-reviewed articles and full-text studies were included in the analysis.There were no date restrictions,and all studies published up to February 27,2025,were included.RESULTS A total of 103 studies were selected for this review.Fifty-eight studies included ICC factors,and forty-five were classified in ICC related ethical issues of BCI research in six kinds of psychiatric disorders.Executive function impairment is widely recognized as the most significant factor impacting ICC,and processing speed deficits are observed in schizophrenia,mood disorders,and Alzheimer’s disease.Memory dysfunction,particularly episodic and working memory,contributes to compromised ICC.Five core ethical issues in BCI research should be addressed:BCI specificity,vulnerability,autonomy,dynamic ICC,comprehensiveness,and uncertainty.CONCLUSION A Five-Dimensional evaluative framework,including clinical,ethical,sociocultural,legal,and procedural dimensions,is constructed and proposed for future ICC research in BCI clinical research involving psychiatric disorders.
文摘Objective： Coronary collateral circulation is an alternative source of blood supply to myocardium in the presence of advanced coronary artery disease. We sought to determine which clinical and angiographic variables are associated with collateral development in patients with stable angina and chronic total coronary occlusion. Methods： Demographic variables, biochemical measurements, and angiographic findings were collected from 478 patients with stable angina and chronic total coronary occlusion. The presence and extent of collaterals supplying the distal aspect of a total coronary occlusion from the contra-lateral vessel were graded from 0 to 3 according to the Rentrop scoring system. Results： Low （Rentrop score of 0 or 1） and high （Rentrop score of 2 or 3） coronary collateralizations were detected in 186 and 292 patients, respectively. Despite similar age, cigarette smoking, and medical treatment, patients with low collateralization were female in a higher proportion and less hypertensive, and had higher rates of type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia than those with high coUateralization （for all comparisons, P〈0.05）. In addition, patients with low collateralization exhibited more single-vessel disease, less right coronary artery occlusion, more impaired renal function, and higher serum levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein （hsCRP） compared with those with high col- lateralization. Multivariate analysis revealed that age of 〉65 years, female gender, diabetes, no history of hypertension dyslipidemia, moderate to severe renal dysfunction, single-vessel disease, and elevated hsCRP levels were inde- pendently associated with low coronary collateralization. Conclusions： Coronary collateralization was reduced in almost 40% of stable angina patients with chronic total occlusion, which was related to clinical and angiographic factors. The impact of coronary collateralization on outcomes after revascularization needs further investigation.
基金supported by the National Science & Technology Infrastructure Development Program of China (No.2005DKA10400)
文摘A rectangle crevice assembly was used to study the effects of cathodic protection （CP） potential, crevice thickness, holiday size, bubbling CO2, and surface condition on the chemical and electrochemical environment of the local solution under disbonded coatings. It is found that the cathodic protection removes dissolved oxygen from the crevice and thus shifts the solution to a more al- kaline state. Furthermore, the potential of the steel reaches the protected potential range. The available protection distance increases with the negative applying potential. The steady potential and pH distribution are easily achieved, but the polarization degree is not satisfied within the thinner crevice. The difference in the solution environment is found to correlate to the holiday size. The smaller the holiday, the smaller the difference is. The presence of CO2 inhibits the formation of an alkaline environment. It is also found that the rust layer dramatically decreases the polarization rate in the crevice.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFB0704200)the Project of State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian(No.ZKGSG-ZB-20194334)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21961142018 and 51873067)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(Nos.2021A1515012024 and 2021A1515010271)。
文摘The urgent need for immediate personal protection against chemical warfare agents(CWAs)spurs the requirement on robust and highly efficient catalytic systems that can be conveniently integrated to wearable devices.Herein,as a new concept for CWA decontamination catalyst design,sub-nanoscale,catalytically active zirconium-oxo molecular clusters are covalently integrated in flexible polymer network as crosslinkers for the full exposure of catalytic sites as well as robust framework structures.The obtained membrane catalysts exhibit high swelling ratio with aqueous content as 84 wt%and therefore,demonstrate quasi-homogeneous catalytic activity toward the rapid hydrolysis of both CWA,soman(GD)(t_(1/2)=5.0 min)and CWA simulant,methyl paraoxon(DMNP)(t_(1/2)=8.9 min).Meanwhile,due to the covalent nature of cross-linkages and the high flexibility of polymer strands,the membranes possess promising mechanical strength and toughness that can stand the impact of high gas pressures and show high permeation for both CO_(2)and O_(2),enabling their extended applications in the field of collective/personal protective materials with body comfort.
文摘Purpose:To investigate how long indocyanine green (ICG) remains in the fundus after vitreoretinal surgery assisted with ICG,and to identify factors that influence the persistence duration.Methods:Fifty five eyes diagnosed as idiopathic macular hole (Stage 2 and 3) were randomly divided into five groups.ICG solution at concentrations of 5,2.5,2.5,1.25,and 0.5 mg/ml,employed in cases of Group I to V respectively,was applied to stain the internal limiting membrane(ILM) during the procedure of internal limiting membrane peeling..A prospective study was carried out after pars plana vitrectomy and ILM peeling were performed on 55 eyes with Stage 2,3,or 4 idiopathic macular holes..Infrared fundus pictures were obtained in all patients before and after surgery.Results:High levels of fluorescence from residual ICG (ICG hyperfluorescence) were mainly localized at the posterior pole of the fundus after surgery.In Group Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ and Ⅴ,the duration of persistence of flurorescence from ICG was 8.33±0.87,3.59±0.94,3.75±0.79,2.30±0.48,and 1.29±0.49 months,respectively.Although no significant difference was detected between Group Ⅱ and Group Ⅲ,the general inter-group difference was significant among the five groups in which different ICG concentration was applied.In Group Ⅲ,even though 90% of the macular holes acquired anatomical closure,ICG hyperfluorescence was detected in the macular area.Conclusion:ICG remains in the fundus for a period of months.The persistence duration of fluorescence from ICG is positively correlated with the concentration and the staining time of ICG.Hyaluronan is beneficial in reducing the amount of ICG residue in the macular area.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Tech-nology of the People's Republic of China(2021ZD0201900),Project 5(2021ZD0201905).
文摘Brain-computer interface(BCI)technology is rapidly advancing in medical research and application.As an emerging biomedical engineering technology,it has garnered significant attention in the clinical research of brain disease diagnosis and treatment,neurological rehabilitation,and mental health.However,BCI also raises several challenges and ethical concerns in clinical research.In this article,the authors investigate and discuss three aspects of BCI in medicine and healthcare:the state of international ethical governance,multidimensional ethical challenges pertaining to BCI in clinical research,and suggestive concerns for ethical review.Despite the great potential of frontier BCI research and development in the field of medical care,the ethical challenges induced by itself and the complexities of clinical research and brain function have put forward new special fields for ethics in BCI.To ensure"responsible innovation"in BCI research in healthcare and medicine,the creation of an ethical global governance framework and system,along with special guidelines for cutting-edge BCI research in medicine,is suggested.
基金Supported by the CNOOC Technology Research Project(KJGG2022-0102)。
文摘Based on the 3D seismic data and the analysis and test data of lithology,electricity,thin sections and chronology obtained from drilling of the Qiongdongnan Basin,the characteristics and the quantitative analysis of the source-sink system are studied of the third member of the Upper Oligocene Lingshui Formation(Ling 3 Member)in the southern fault step zone of the Baodao Sag.First,the YL10 denudation area of the Ling 3 Member mainly developed two fluvial systems in the east and west,resulting in the formation of two dominant sand transport channels and two delta lobes in southern Baodao Sag,which are generally large in the west and small in the east.The evolution of the delta has experienced four stages:initiation,prosperity,intermittence and rejuvenation.Second,the source-sink coupled quantitative calculation is performed depending on the parameters of the delta sand bodies,including development phases,distribution area,flattening thickness,area of different parent rocks,and sand-forming coefficient,showing that the study area has the material basis for the formation of large-scale reservoir.Third,the drilling reveals that the delta of the Ling 3 Member is dominated by fine sandstone,with total sandstone thickness of 109-138 m,maximum single-layer sandstone thickness of 15.5-30.0 m,and sand-to-strata ratio of 43.7%-73.0%,but the physical properties are different among the fault steps.Fourth,the large delta development model of the small source area in the step fault zone with multi-stage uplift is established.It suggests that the episodic uplift provides sufficient sediments,the fluvial system and watershed area control the scale of the sand body,the multi-step active fault steps dominate the sand body transport channel,and local fault troughs decide the lateral propulsion direction of the sand body.The delta of the Ling 3 Member is coupled with fault blocks to form diverse traps,which are critical exploration targets in southern Baodao Sag.
基金supported by the Hong Kong Polytechnic University through Projects of RCRE(Project No.1-BBEG)sponsored by the Research Grants Council of HongKong and the NationalNatural Science Foundation of China(Project No.N_PolyU513/18).
文摘Thermoelectric generators(TEGs)play a critical role in collecting renewable energy fromthe sun and deep space to generate clean electricity.With their environmentally friendly,reliable,and noise-free operation,TEGs offer diverse applications,including areas with limited power infrastructure,microelectronic devices,and wearable technology.The review thoroughly analyses TEG system configurations,performance,and applications driven by solar and/or radiative cooling,covering non-concentrating,concentrating,radiative cooling-driven,and dual-mode TEGs.Materials for solar absorbers and radiative coolers,simulation techniques,energy storage management,and thermal management strategies are explored.The integration of TEGs with combined heat and power systems is identified as a promising application.Additionally,TEGs hold potential as charging sources for electronic devices.This comprehensive review provides valuable insights into this energy collection approach,facilitating improved efficiency,reduced costs,and expanded applications.It also highlights current limitations and knowledge gaps,emphasizing the importance of further research and development in unlocking the full potential of TEGs for a sustainable and efficient energy future.
