Microbial fouling is an important challenge in water recovery system of manned spacecrafts for longer term missions.Microbial fouling of 5A06 aluminium alloy induced by typical extreme environment-resistant bacteria i...Microbial fouling is an important challenge in water recovery system of manned spacecrafts for longer term missions.Microbial fouling of 5A06 aluminium alloy induced by typical extreme environment-resistant bacteria in oligotrophic solutions of simulated condensate of manned spacecraft was investigated.Bacillus cereus showed poor survival ability to oligotrophic environments,and a small amount of remaining live B.cereus cells mainly existed in the form of spores without forming biofilms.And when B.cereus was mixed cultured with Cupriavidus metallidurans,the system was mainly affected by C.metallidurans biofilms rather than B.cereus cells.C.metallidurans could promote the thickness of passive films of aluminum alloy,so C.metallidurans posed a minor threat to the corrosion of 5A06 aluminum alloy.However,C.metallidurans showed strong adaptability to oligotrophic environments and formed a large number of biofilms.And the contamination threat of C.metallidurans still dominated even cultured with B.cereus.Even when cultured with B.cereus,the threat of contamination from C.metallidurans still pre-dominates.Therefore,C.metallidurans would pose a threat of microbial fouling to the oligotrophic water recovery system of manned spacecrafts.展开更多
Objective:Chemotherapy-based regimens remain the standard first-and second-line treatment options for patients with driver gene-negative non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).However,in real-world settings,certain patient...Objective:Chemotherapy-based regimens remain the standard first-and second-line treatment options for patients with driver gene-negative non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).However,in real-world settings,certain patients cannot tolerate chemotherapy or opt to decline it.Immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)constitute the preferred chemotherapy-free alternative.To enhance patient prognosis,this study aimed to examine the efficacy of ICIs combined with anlotinib in real-world scenarios.Methods:This prospective,multicenter,real-world study evaluated the efficacy and safety of ICIs combined with anlotinib in patients with advanced NSCLC.Patients undergoing first-or second-line treatment were enrolled.The primary endpoint was progression-free survival(PFS),while the secondary endpoints included overall survival(OS),objective response rate(ORR),disease control rate(DCR),and safety.Results:In total,242 patients were enrolled from 28 centers.The median PFS for the entire cohort was 7.8[95%confidence interval(95%CI),7.0-9.5]months,OS events occurred in 112(46.3%)patients,with a current median OS of 17.0(95%CI,15.1-19.4)months.The ORR and DCR were 36.0%(95%CI,30.2%-42.2%)and97.9%(95%CI,95.3%-99.1%),respectively.The median PFS was 9.8(95%CI,7.4-12.5)months for first-line therapy and 6.9(95%CI,6.0-8.3)months for second-line therapy.Treatment-related adverse events(AEs)occurred in 198(81.8%)patients,with grade 3-4 AEs reported in 22(9.1%)patients.Conclusions:This multicenter,real-world study demonstrates that the anlotinib-ICI combination regimen exhibits clinically meaningful efficacy and tolerability as a chemotherapy-free alternative for advanced NSCLC,offering viable evidence to guide treatment for patients who are unsuitable for conventional chemotherapy.展开更多
Circumlunar abort trajectories constitute a vital contingency return strategy during the translunar phase of crewed lunar missions.This paper proposes a methodology for constructing the solution set of the circumlunar...Circumlunar abort trajectories constitute a vital contingency return strategy during the translunar phase of crewed lunar missions.This paper proposes a methodology for constructing the solution set of the circumlunar abort trajectory and leverages its advantageous properties to address the optimization design problem of abort trajectories.Initially,a solution set of all feasible abort trajectories,originating from an abort point on the nominal trajectory and complying with fundamental reentry constraints,is formulated through the introduction of two novel design parameters.Subsequently,the geometric characteristics of the solution set,as well as the distributional properties of key iterative constraint responses,including flight time and velocity increment,are analyzed.Finally,the characteristics exhibited in the solution set are employed to directly identify the design parameters of the abort trajectories with minimum flight time and velocity increment,thereby providing solutions to two distinct types of optimization problems.The simulation results for a variety of nominal trajectories,encompassing the reconstruction and redesign of the Apollo13 abort trajectory,validate the proposed method,demonstrating its ability to directly generate optimal abort trajectories.The method proposed in this paper investigates feasible abort trajectories from a global perspective,providing both a framework and convenience for mission planning and iterative optimization in abort trajectory design.展开更多
Objective： Coronary collateral circulation is an alternative source of blood supply to myocardium in the presence of advanced coronary artery disease. We sought to determine which clinical and angiographic variables ...Objective： Coronary collateral circulation is an alternative source of blood supply to myocardium in the presence of advanced coronary artery disease. We sought to determine which clinical and angiographic variables are associated with collateral development in patients with stable angina and chronic total coronary occlusion. Methods： Demographic variables, biochemical measurements, and angiographic findings were collected from 478 patients with stable angina and chronic total coronary occlusion. The presence and extent of collaterals supplying the distal aspect of a total coronary occlusion from the contra-lateral vessel were graded from 0 to 3 according to the Rentrop scoring system. Results： Low （Rentrop score of 0 or 1） and high （Rentrop score of 2 or 3） coronary collateralizations were detected in 186 and 292 patients, respectively. Despite similar age, cigarette smoking, and medical treatment, patients with low collateralization were female in a higher proportion and less hypertensive, and had higher rates of type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia than those with high coUateralization （for all comparisons, P〈0.05）. In addition, patients with low collateralization exhibited more single-vessel disease, less right coronary artery occlusion, more impaired renal function, and higher serum levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein （hsCRP） compared with those with high col- lateralization. Multivariate analysis revealed that age of 〉65 years, female gender, diabetes, no history of hypertension dyslipidemia, moderate to severe renal dysfunction, single-vessel disease, and elevated hsCRP levels were inde- pendently associated with low coronary collateralization. Conclusions： Coronary collateralization was reduced in almost 40% of stable angina patients with chronic total occlusion, which was related to clinical and angiographic factors. The impact of coronary collateralization on outcomes after revascularization needs further investigation.展开更多
A rectangle crevice assembly was used to study the effects of cathodic protection （CP） potential, crevice thickness, holiday size, bubbling CO2, and surface condition on the chemical and electrochemical environment ...A rectangle crevice assembly was used to study the effects of cathodic protection （CP） potential, crevice thickness, holiday size, bubbling CO2, and surface condition on the chemical and electrochemical environment of the local solution under disbonded coatings. It is found that the cathodic protection removes dissolved oxygen from the crevice and thus shifts the solution to a more al- kaline state. Furthermore, the potential of the steel reaches the protected potential range. The available protection distance increases with the negative applying potential. The steady potential and pH distribution are easily achieved, but the polarization degree is not satisfied within the thinner crevice. The difference in the solution environment is found to correlate to the holiday size. The smaller the holiday, the smaller the difference is. The presence of CO2 inhibits the formation of an alkaline environment. It is also found that the rust layer dramatically decreases the polarization rate in the crevice.展开更多
The urgent need for immediate personal protection against chemical warfare agents(CWAs)spurs the requirement on robust and highly efficient catalytic systems that can be conveniently integrated to wearable devices.Her...The urgent need for immediate personal protection against chemical warfare agents(CWAs)spurs the requirement on robust and highly efficient catalytic systems that can be conveniently integrated to wearable devices.Herein,as a new concept for CWA decontamination catalyst design,sub-nanoscale,catalytically active zirconium-oxo molecular clusters are covalently integrated in flexible polymer network as crosslinkers for the full exposure of catalytic sites as well as robust framework structures.The obtained membrane catalysts exhibit high swelling ratio with aqueous content as 84 wt%and therefore,demonstrate quasi-homogeneous catalytic activity toward the rapid hydrolysis of both CWA,soman(GD)(t_(1/2)=5.0 min)and CWA simulant,methyl paraoxon(DMNP)(t_(1/2)=8.9 min).Meanwhile,due to the covalent nature of cross-linkages and the high flexibility of polymer strands,the membranes possess promising mechanical strength and toughness that can stand the impact of high gas pressures and show high permeation for both CO_(2)and O_(2),enabling their extended applications in the field of collective/personal protective materials with body comfort.展开更多
Purpose:To investigate how long indocyanine green (ICG) remains in the fundus after vitreoretinal surgery assisted with ICG,and to identify factors that influence the persistence duration.Methods:Fifty five eyes diagn...Purpose:To investigate how long indocyanine green (ICG) remains in the fundus after vitreoretinal surgery assisted with ICG,and to identify factors that influence the persistence duration.Methods:Fifty five eyes diagnosed as idiopathic macular hole (Stage 2 and 3) were randomly divided into five groups.ICG solution at concentrations of 5,2.5,2.5,1.25,and 0.5 mg/ml,employed in cases of Group I to V respectively,was applied to stain the internal limiting membrane(ILM) during the procedure of internal limiting membrane peeling..A prospective study was carried out after pars plana vitrectomy and ILM peeling were performed on 55 eyes with Stage 2,3,or 4 idiopathic macular holes..Infrared fundus pictures were obtained in all patients before and after surgery.Results:High levels of fluorescence from residual ICG (ICG hyperfluorescence) were mainly localized at the posterior pole of the fundus after surgery.In Group Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ and Ⅴ,the duration of persistence of flurorescence from ICG was 8.33±0.87,3.59±0.94,3.75±0.79,2.30±0.48,and 1.29±0.49 months,respectively.Although no significant difference was detected between Group Ⅱ and Group Ⅲ,the general inter-group difference was significant among the five groups in which different ICG concentration was applied.In Group Ⅲ,even though 90% of the macular holes acquired anatomical closure,ICG hyperfluorescence was detected in the macular area.Conclusion:ICG remains in the fundus for a period of months.The persistence duration of fluorescence from ICG is positively correlated with the concentration and the staining time of ICG.Hyaluronan is beneficial in reducing the amount of ICG residue in the macular area.展开更多
Persistent and maladaptive drug-related memories represent a key component in drug addiction.Converging evidence from both preclinical and clinical studies has demonstrated the potential efficacy of the memory reconso...Persistent and maladaptive drug-related memories represent a key component in drug addiction.Converging evidence from both preclinical and clinical studies has demonstrated the potential efficacy of the memory reconsolidation updating procedure(MRUP),a non-pharmacological strategy intertwining two distinct memory processes:reconsolidation and extinction—alternatively termed“the memory retrieval-extinction procedure”.This procedure presents a promising approach to attenuate,if not erase,entrenched drug memories and prevent relapse.The present review delineates the applications,molecular underpinnings,and operational boundaries of MRUP in the context of various forms of substance dependence.Furthermore,we critically examine the methodological limitations of MRUP,postulating potential refinement to optimize its therapeutic efficacy.In addition,we also look at the potential integration of MRUP and neurostimulation treatments in the domain of substance addiction.Overall,existing studies underscore the significant potential of MRUP,suggesting that interventions predicated on it could herald a promising avenue to enhance clinical outcomes in substance addiction therapy.展开更多
Gunungmia unimaculata gen.&sp.nov.are described from Borneo(Sarawak,Malaysia)and placed in the leafhopper subtribe Paraboloponina(Cicadellidae:Deltocephalinae:Drabescini)based on the characters of anterior margin ...Gunungmia unimaculata gen.&sp.nov.are described from Borneo(Sarawak,Malaysia)and placed in the leafhopper subtribe Paraboloponina(Cicadellidae:Deltocephalinae:Drabescini)based on the characters of anterior margin of head with several transverse striations,antenna longer than half body length,antennal pits located near upper corner of eyes.展开更多
Psychiatric disorders constitute a complex health issue,primarily manifesting as significant disturbances in cognition,emotional regulation,and behavior.However,due to limited resources within health care systems,only...Psychiatric disorders constitute a complex health issue,primarily manifesting as significant disturbances in cognition,emotional regulation,and behavior.However,due to limited resources within health care systems,only a minority of patients can access effective treatment and care services,highlighting an urgent need for improvement.large language models(LLMs),with their natural language understanding and generation capabilities,are gradually penetrating the entire process of psychiatric diagnosis and treatment,including outpatient reception,diagnosis and therapy,clinical nursing,medication safety,and prognosis follow-up.They hold promise for improving the current severe shortage of health system resources and promoting equal access to mental health care.This article reviews the application scenarios and research progress of LLMs.It explores optimization methods for LLMs in psychiatry.Based on the research findings,we propose a clinical LLM for mental health using the Mixture of Experts framework to improve the accuracy of psychiatric diagnosis and therapeutic interventions.展开更多
Bone tumors(BTs)-including osteosarcoma,Ewing sarcoma,and chondrosarcoma-are rare but biologically complex malignancies characterized by pronounced heterogeneity in anatomical location,histological subtype,and molecul...Bone tumors(BTs)-including osteosarcoma,Ewing sarcoma,and chondrosarcoma-are rare but biologically complex malignancies characterized by pronounced heterogeneity in anatomical location,histological subtype,and molecular alterations.Recent advances in artificial intelligence(AI),particularly deep learning,have enabled the integration of diverse clinical data modalities to support diagnosis,treatment planning,and prognostication in bone oncology.This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of AI-driven multimodal fusion strategies that incorporate radiological imaging,digital pathology,multi-omics profiling,and electronic health records.We conducted a structured review of peer-reviewed literature published between 2015 and early 2025,focusing on the development,validation,and clinical applicability of AI models for BT diagnosis,subtyping,treatment response prediction,and recurrence monitoring.Although multimodal models have demonstrated advantages over unimodal approaches,especially in handling missing data and improving generalizability,most remain constrained by single-center study designs,small sample sizes,and limited prospective or external validation.Persistent technical and translational challenges include semantic misalignment across modalities,incomplete datasets,limited model interpretability,and regulatory and infrastructural barriers to clinical integration.To address these limitations,we highlight emerging directions such as contrastive representation learning,generative data augmentation,transformer-based fusion architectures,and privacy-preserving federated learning.We also discuss the evolving role of foundation models and workflow-integrated AI agents in enhancing scalability and clinical usability.In summary,multimodal AI represents a promising paradigm for advancing precision care in BTs.Realizing its full clinical potential will require methodologically rigorous,biologically informed,and system-level approaches that bridge algorithmic innovation with real-world healthcare delivery.展开更多
BACKGROUND Brain-computer interface(BCI)technology is rapidly advancing in psychiatry.Informed consent competency(ICC)assessment among psychiatric patients is a pivotal concern in clinical research.AIM To analyze the ...BACKGROUND Brain-computer interface(BCI)technology is rapidly advancing in psychiatry.Informed consent competency(ICC)assessment among psychiatric patients is a pivotal concern in clinical research.AIM To analyze the assessment of ICC and form a framework with multi-dimensional elements involved in ICC of BCI clinical research among psychiatric disorders.METHODS A systematic review of studies regarding ICC assessments of BCI clinical research in patients with six kinds of psychiatric disorders was conducted.A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed,ScienceDirect,and Web of Science.Peer-reviewed articles and full-text studies were included in the analysis.There were no date restrictions,and all studies published up to February 27,2025,were included.RESULTS A total of 103 studies were selected for this review.Fifty-eight studies included ICC factors,and forty-five were classified in ICC related ethical issues of BCI research in six kinds of psychiatric disorders.Executive function impairment is widely recognized as the most significant factor impacting ICC,and processing speed deficits are observed in schizophrenia,mood disorders,and Alzheimer’s disease.Memory dysfunction,particularly episodic and working memory,contributes to compromised ICC.Five core ethical issues in BCI research should be addressed:BCI specificity,vulnerability,autonomy,dynamic ICC,comprehensiveness,and uncertainty.CONCLUSION A Five-Dimensional evaluative framework,including clinical,ethical,sociocultural,legal,and procedural dimensions,is constructed and proposed for future ICC research in BCI clinical research involving psychiatric disorders.展开更多
构建使用了PD-1抑制剂的肿瘤患者出现甲状腺功能障碍的风险预测模型,分析使用PD-1肿瘤抑制剂导致的甲状腺功能障碍的相关风险因素,设计监测预警系统。选取2020年—2023年广西医科大学附属肿瘤医院1225例使用PD-1抑制剂肿瘤患者的临床资...构建使用了PD-1抑制剂的肿瘤患者出现甲状腺功能障碍的风险预测模型,分析使用PD-1肿瘤抑制剂导致的甲状腺功能障碍的相关风险因素,设计监测预警系统。选取2020年—2023年广西医科大学附属肿瘤医院1225例使用PD-1抑制剂肿瘤患者的临床资料,包括人口学特征、既往史、实验室检测等63个变量。本文选取相关性前10/20/30/40/50/60个变量的4种传统机器学习模型进行性能比较。通过F1分数、灵敏度、准确率、精确率、特异性曲线下面积(Area Under the Curve,AUC)评估以上预测模型的性能,并利用Shapley加性解释(Shapley Additive Explanation,SHAP)可视化解释本文的机器学习模型。与促甲状腺激素相关性排名前10的变量依次为:羟丁酸脱氢酶、乳酸脱氢酶、淋巴细胞绝对值、天门冬氨酸转移酶、钙离子、碱性磷酸酶、谷氨酰转肽酶、单核细胞绝对值、红细胞分布宽度SD、胆碱酯酶。建立了使用PD-1抑制剂的肿瘤患者出现甲状腺功能障碍的风险预测模型,并在全局解释和局部解释的层面上分别作出模型预测结果影响的解释。展开更多
As emerging two-dimensional(2D)materials,carbides and nitrides(MXenes)could be solid solutions or organized structures made up of multi-atomic layers.With remarkable and adjustable electrical,optical,mechanical,and el...As emerging two-dimensional(2D)materials,carbides and nitrides(MXenes)could be solid solutions or organized structures made up of multi-atomic layers.With remarkable and adjustable electrical,optical,mechanical,and electrochemical characteristics,MXenes have shown great potential in brain-inspired neuromorphic computing electronics,including neuromorphic gas sensors,pressure sensors and photodetectors.This paper provides a forward-looking review of the research progress regarding MXenes in the neuromorphic sensing domain and discussed the critical challenges that need to be resolved.Key bottlenecks such as insufficient long-term stability under environmental exposure,high costs,scalability limitations in large-scale production,and mechanical mismatch in wearable integration hinder their practical deployment.Furthermore,unresolved issues like interfacial compatibility in heterostructures and energy inefficiency in neu-romorphic signal conversion demand urgent attention.The review offers insights into future research directions enhance the fundamental understanding of MXene properties and promote further integration into neuromorphic computing applications through the convergence with various emerging technologies.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51971032,52371048,and 52071019).
文摘Microbial fouling is an important challenge in water recovery system of manned spacecrafts for longer term missions.Microbial fouling of 5A06 aluminium alloy induced by typical extreme environment-resistant bacteria in oligotrophic solutions of simulated condensate of manned spacecraft was investigated.Bacillus cereus showed poor survival ability to oligotrophic environments,and a small amount of remaining live B.cereus cells mainly existed in the form of spores without forming biofilms.And when B.cereus was mixed cultured with Cupriavidus metallidurans,the system was mainly affected by C.metallidurans biofilms rather than B.cereus cells.C.metallidurans could promote the thickness of passive films of aluminum alloy,so C.metallidurans posed a minor threat to the corrosion of 5A06 aluminum alloy.However,C.metallidurans showed strong adaptability to oligotrophic environments and formed a large number of biofilms.And the contamination threat of C.metallidurans still dominated even cultured with B.cereus.Even when cultured with B.cereus,the threat of contamination from C.metallidurans still pre-dominates.Therefore,C.metallidurans would pose a threat of microbial fouling to the oligotrophic water recovery system of manned spacecrafts.
基金supported by Key Research and Development Projects of Henan Province in 2023-Key Technologies of Novel Precision Immunotherapy for Refractory Malignant Tumors(No.231111313300)Zhongyuan Qianren Jihua(No.ZYQR201912118)+2 种基金Key Research and Development Projects of Henan Province(No.251111310100)Henan Province Medical Science and Technology Talent Overseas Training Program(HNMOT2024062)The Excellent Young Talent Cultivation Project of Henan Health Science and Technology Innovation Talents(No.YXKC2020046)。
文摘Objective:Chemotherapy-based regimens remain the standard first-and second-line treatment options for patients with driver gene-negative non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).However,in real-world settings,certain patients cannot tolerate chemotherapy or opt to decline it.Immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)constitute the preferred chemotherapy-free alternative.To enhance patient prognosis,this study aimed to examine the efficacy of ICIs combined with anlotinib in real-world scenarios.Methods:This prospective,multicenter,real-world study evaluated the efficacy and safety of ICIs combined with anlotinib in patients with advanced NSCLC.Patients undergoing first-or second-line treatment were enrolled.The primary endpoint was progression-free survival(PFS),while the secondary endpoints included overall survival(OS),objective response rate(ORR),disease control rate(DCR),and safety.Results:In total,242 patients were enrolled from 28 centers.The median PFS for the entire cohort was 7.8[95%confidence interval(95%CI),7.0-9.5]months,OS events occurred in 112(46.3%)patients,with a current median OS of 17.0(95%CI,15.1-19.4)months.The ORR and DCR were 36.0%(95%CI,30.2%-42.2%)and97.9%(95%CI,95.3%-99.1%),respectively.The median PFS was 9.8(95%CI,7.4-12.5)months for first-line therapy and 6.9(95%CI,6.0-8.3)months for second-line therapy.Treatment-related adverse events(AEs)occurred in 198(81.8%)patients,with grade 3-4 AEs reported in 22(9.1%)patients.Conclusions:This multicenter,real-world study demonstrates that the anlotinib-ICI combination regimen exhibits clinically meaningful efficacy and tolerability as a chemotherapy-free alternative for advanced NSCLC,offering viable evidence to guide treatment for patients who are unsuitable for conventional chemotherapy.
文摘Circumlunar abort trajectories constitute a vital contingency return strategy during the translunar phase of crewed lunar missions.This paper proposes a methodology for constructing the solution set of the circumlunar abort trajectory and leverages its advantageous properties to address the optimization design problem of abort trajectories.Initially,a solution set of all feasible abort trajectories,originating from an abort point on the nominal trajectory and complying with fundamental reentry constraints,is formulated through the introduction of two novel design parameters.Subsequently,the geometric characteristics of the solution set,as well as the distributional properties of key iterative constraint responses,including flight time and velocity increment,are analyzed.Finally,the characteristics exhibited in the solution set are employed to directly identify the design parameters of the abort trajectories with minimum flight time and velocity increment,thereby providing solutions to two distinct types of optimization problems.The simulation results for a variety of nominal trajectories,encompassing the reconstruction and redesign of the Apollo13 abort trajectory,validate the proposed method,demonstrating its ability to directly generate optimal abort trajectories.The method proposed in this paper investigates feasible abort trajectories from a global perspective,providing both a framework and convenience for mission planning and iterative optimization in abort trajectory design.
文摘Objective： Coronary collateral circulation is an alternative source of blood supply to myocardium in the presence of advanced coronary artery disease. We sought to determine which clinical and angiographic variables are associated with collateral development in patients with stable angina and chronic total coronary occlusion. Methods： Demographic variables, biochemical measurements, and angiographic findings were collected from 478 patients with stable angina and chronic total coronary occlusion. The presence and extent of collaterals supplying the distal aspect of a total coronary occlusion from the contra-lateral vessel were graded from 0 to 3 according to the Rentrop scoring system. Results： Low （Rentrop score of 0 or 1） and high （Rentrop score of 2 or 3） coronary collateralizations were detected in 186 and 292 patients, respectively. Despite similar age, cigarette smoking, and medical treatment, patients with low collateralization were female in a higher proportion and less hypertensive, and had higher rates of type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia than those with high coUateralization （for all comparisons, P〈0.05）. In addition, patients with low collateralization exhibited more single-vessel disease, less right coronary artery occlusion, more impaired renal function, and higher serum levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein （hsCRP） compared with those with high col- lateralization. Multivariate analysis revealed that age of 〉65 years, female gender, diabetes, no history of hypertension dyslipidemia, moderate to severe renal dysfunction, single-vessel disease, and elevated hsCRP levels were inde- pendently associated with low coronary collateralization. Conclusions： Coronary collateralization was reduced in almost 40% of stable angina patients with chronic total occlusion, which was related to clinical and angiographic factors. The impact of coronary collateralization on outcomes after revascularization needs further investigation.
基金supported by the National Science & Technology Infrastructure Development Program of China (No.2005DKA10400)
文摘A rectangle crevice assembly was used to study the effects of cathodic protection （CP） potential, crevice thickness, holiday size, bubbling CO2, and surface condition on the chemical and electrochemical environment of the local solution under disbonded coatings. It is found that the cathodic protection removes dissolved oxygen from the crevice and thus shifts the solution to a more al- kaline state. Furthermore, the potential of the steel reaches the protected potential range. The available protection distance increases with the negative applying potential. The steady potential and pH distribution are easily achieved, but the polarization degree is not satisfied within the thinner crevice. The difference in the solution environment is found to correlate to the holiday size. The smaller the holiday, the smaller the difference is. The presence of CO2 inhibits the formation of an alkaline environment. It is also found that the rust layer dramatically decreases the polarization rate in the crevice.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFB0704200)the Project of State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian(No.ZKGSG-ZB-20194334)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21961142018 and 51873067)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(Nos.2021A1515012024 and 2021A1515010271)。
文摘The urgent need for immediate personal protection against chemical warfare agents(CWAs)spurs the requirement on robust and highly efficient catalytic systems that can be conveniently integrated to wearable devices.Herein,as a new concept for CWA decontamination catalyst design,sub-nanoscale,catalytically active zirconium-oxo molecular clusters are covalently integrated in flexible polymer network as crosslinkers for the full exposure of catalytic sites as well as robust framework structures.The obtained membrane catalysts exhibit high swelling ratio with aqueous content as 84 wt%and therefore,demonstrate quasi-homogeneous catalytic activity toward the rapid hydrolysis of both CWA,soman(GD)(t_(1/2)=5.0 min)and CWA simulant,methyl paraoxon(DMNP)(t_(1/2)=8.9 min).Meanwhile,due to the covalent nature of cross-linkages and the high flexibility of polymer strands,the membranes possess promising mechanical strength and toughness that can stand the impact of high gas pressures and show high permeation for both CO_(2)and O_(2),enabling their extended applications in the field of collective/personal protective materials with body comfort.
文摘Purpose:To investigate how long indocyanine green (ICG) remains in the fundus after vitreoretinal surgery assisted with ICG,and to identify factors that influence the persistence duration.Methods:Fifty five eyes diagnosed as idiopathic macular hole (Stage 2 and 3) were randomly divided into five groups.ICG solution at concentrations of 5,2.5,2.5,1.25,and 0.5 mg/ml,employed in cases of Group I to V respectively,was applied to stain the internal limiting membrane(ILM) during the procedure of internal limiting membrane peeling..A prospective study was carried out after pars plana vitrectomy and ILM peeling were performed on 55 eyes with Stage 2,3,or 4 idiopathic macular holes..Infrared fundus pictures were obtained in all patients before and after surgery.Results:High levels of fluorescence from residual ICG (ICG hyperfluorescence) were mainly localized at the posterior pole of the fundus after surgery.In Group Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ and Ⅴ,the duration of persistence of flurorescence from ICG was 8.33±0.87,3.59±0.94,3.75±0.79,2.30±0.48,and 1.29±0.49 months,respectively.Although no significant difference was detected between Group Ⅱ and Group Ⅲ,the general inter-group difference was significant among the five groups in which different ICG concentration was applied.In Group Ⅲ,even though 90% of the macular holes acquired anatomical closure,ICG hyperfluorescence was detected in the macular area.Conclusion:ICG remains in the fundus for a period of months.The persistence duration of fluorescence from ICG is positively correlated with the concentration and the staining time of ICG.Hyaluronan is beneficial in reducing the amount of ICG residue in the macular area.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82071498,81871046,and 32161143022)STI2030-Major Projects(2022ZD0214500).
文摘Persistent and maladaptive drug-related memories represent a key component in drug addiction.Converging evidence from both preclinical and clinical studies has demonstrated the potential efficacy of the memory reconsolidation updating procedure(MRUP),a non-pharmacological strategy intertwining two distinct memory processes:reconsolidation and extinction—alternatively termed“the memory retrieval-extinction procedure”.This procedure presents a promising approach to attenuate,if not erase,entrenched drug memories and prevent relapse.The present review delineates the applications,molecular underpinnings,and operational boundaries of MRUP in the context of various forms of substance dependence.Furthermore,we critically examine the methodological limitations of MRUP,postulating potential refinement to optimize its therapeutic efficacy.In addition,we also look at the potential integration of MRUP and neurostimulation treatments in the domain of substance addiction.Overall,existing studies underscore the significant potential of MRUP,suggesting that interventions predicated on it could herald a promising avenue to enhance clinical outcomes in substance addiction therapy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1603106,31420103911)the Shaanxi Provincial Scientific Foundation(2023-JC-YB-174).
文摘Gunungmia unimaculata gen.&sp.nov.are described from Borneo(Sarawak,Malaysia)and placed in the leafhopper subtribe Paraboloponina(Cicadellidae:Deltocephalinae:Drabescini)based on the characters of anterior margin of head with several transverse striations,antenna longer than half body length,antennal pits located near upper corner of eyes.
基金Supported by the STI2030-Major Projects,No.2021ZD0203400 and No.2021ZD0200800the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82171477。
文摘Psychiatric disorders constitute a complex health issue,primarily manifesting as significant disturbances in cognition,emotional regulation,and behavior.However,due to limited resources within health care systems,only a minority of patients can access effective treatment and care services,highlighting an urgent need for improvement.large language models(LLMs),with their natural language understanding and generation capabilities,are gradually penetrating the entire process of psychiatric diagnosis and treatment,including outpatient reception,diagnosis and therapy,clinical nursing,medication safety,and prognosis follow-up.They hold promise for improving the current severe shortage of health system resources and promoting equal access to mental health care.This article reviews the application scenarios and research progress of LLMs.It explores optimization methods for LLMs in psychiatry.Based on the research findings,we propose a clinical LLM for mental health using the Mixture of Experts framework to improve the accuracy of psychiatric diagnosis and therapeutic interventions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant No.:82172524]the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province[Grant No.:2025AFB240].
文摘Bone tumors(BTs)-including osteosarcoma,Ewing sarcoma,and chondrosarcoma-are rare but biologically complex malignancies characterized by pronounced heterogeneity in anatomical location,histological subtype,and molecular alterations.Recent advances in artificial intelligence(AI),particularly deep learning,have enabled the integration of diverse clinical data modalities to support diagnosis,treatment planning,and prognostication in bone oncology.This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of AI-driven multimodal fusion strategies that incorporate radiological imaging,digital pathology,multi-omics profiling,and electronic health records.We conducted a structured review of peer-reviewed literature published between 2015 and early 2025,focusing on the development,validation,and clinical applicability of AI models for BT diagnosis,subtyping,treatment response prediction,and recurrence monitoring.Although multimodal models have demonstrated advantages over unimodal approaches,especially in handling missing data and improving generalizability,most remain constrained by single-center study designs,small sample sizes,and limited prospective or external validation.Persistent technical and translational challenges include semantic misalignment across modalities,incomplete datasets,limited model interpretability,and regulatory and infrastructural barriers to clinical integration.To address these limitations,we highlight emerging directions such as contrastive representation learning,generative data augmentation,transformer-based fusion architectures,and privacy-preserving federated learning.We also discuss the evolving role of foundation models and workflow-integrated AI agents in enhancing scalability and clinical usability.In summary,multimodal AI represents a promising paradigm for advancing precision care in BTs.Realizing its full clinical potential will require methodologically rigorous,biologically informed,and system-level approaches that bridge algorithmic innovation with real-world healthcare delivery.
基金Supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China(2021ZD0201900)Project 5,No.2021ZD0201905Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research,No.CFH 2022-2-4115.
文摘BACKGROUND Brain-computer interface(BCI)technology is rapidly advancing in psychiatry.Informed consent competency(ICC)assessment among psychiatric patients is a pivotal concern in clinical research.AIM To analyze the assessment of ICC and form a framework with multi-dimensional elements involved in ICC of BCI clinical research among psychiatric disorders.METHODS A systematic review of studies regarding ICC assessments of BCI clinical research in patients with six kinds of psychiatric disorders was conducted.A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed,ScienceDirect,and Web of Science.Peer-reviewed articles and full-text studies were included in the analysis.There were no date restrictions,and all studies published up to February 27,2025,were included.RESULTS A total of 103 studies were selected for this review.Fifty-eight studies included ICC factors,and forty-five were classified in ICC related ethical issues of BCI research in six kinds of psychiatric disorders.Executive function impairment is widely recognized as the most significant factor impacting ICC,and processing speed deficits are observed in schizophrenia,mood disorders,and Alzheimer’s disease.Memory dysfunction,particularly episodic and working memory,contributes to compromised ICC.Five core ethical issues in BCI research should be addressed:BCI specificity,vulnerability,autonomy,dynamic ICC,comprehensiveness,and uncertainty.CONCLUSION A Five-Dimensional evaluative framework,including clinical,ethical,sociocultural,legal,and procedural dimensions,is constructed and proposed for future ICC research in BCI clinical research involving psychiatric disorders.
文摘构建使用了PD-1抑制剂的肿瘤患者出现甲状腺功能障碍的风险预测模型,分析使用PD-1肿瘤抑制剂导致的甲状腺功能障碍的相关风险因素,设计监测预警系统。选取2020年—2023年广西医科大学附属肿瘤医院1225例使用PD-1抑制剂肿瘤患者的临床资料,包括人口学特征、既往史、实验室检测等63个变量。本文选取相关性前10/20/30/40/50/60个变量的4种传统机器学习模型进行性能比较。通过F1分数、灵敏度、准确率、精确率、特异性曲线下面积(Area Under the Curve,AUC)评估以上预测模型的性能,并利用Shapley加性解释(Shapley Additive Explanation,SHAP)可视化解释本文的机器学习模型。与促甲状腺激素相关性排名前10的变量依次为:羟丁酸脱氢酶、乳酸脱氢酶、淋巴细胞绝对值、天门冬氨酸转移酶、钙离子、碱性磷酸酶、谷氨酰转肽酶、单核细胞绝对值、红细胞分布宽度SD、胆碱酯酶。建立了使用PD-1抑制剂的肿瘤患者出现甲状腺功能障碍的风险预测模型,并在全局解释和局部解释的层面上分别作出模型预测结果影响的解释。
基金supported by the NSFC(12474071)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2024YQ051,ZR2025QB50)+6 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2025A1515011191)the Shanghai Sailing Program(23YF1402200,23YF1402400)funded by Basic Research Program of Jiangsu(BK20240424)Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials(KF2406)Taishan Scholar Foundation of Shandong Province(tsqn202408006,tsqn202507058)Young Talent of Lifting engineering for Science and Technology in Shandong,China(SDAST2024QTB002)the Qilu Young Scholar Program of Shandong University。
文摘As emerging two-dimensional(2D)materials,carbides and nitrides(MXenes)could be solid solutions or organized structures made up of multi-atomic layers.With remarkable and adjustable electrical,optical,mechanical,and electrochemical characteristics,MXenes have shown great potential in brain-inspired neuromorphic computing electronics,including neuromorphic gas sensors,pressure sensors and photodetectors.This paper provides a forward-looking review of the research progress regarding MXenes in the neuromorphic sensing domain and discussed the critical challenges that need to be resolved.Key bottlenecks such as insufficient long-term stability under environmental exposure,high costs,scalability limitations in large-scale production,and mechanical mismatch in wearable integration hinder their practical deployment.Furthermore,unresolved issues like interfacial compatibility in heterostructures and energy inefficiency in neu-romorphic signal conversion demand urgent attention.The review offers insights into future research directions enhance the fundamental understanding of MXene properties and promote further integration into neuromorphic computing applications through the convergence with various emerging technologies.
