To investigate the influence of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy with as-homogenized and as-rolled initial microstructures on the tensile flow behavior,isothermal tensile tests were conducted on a GLEEBLE-3500 isothermal simulator a...To investigate the influence of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy with as-homogenized and as-rolled initial microstructures on the tensile flow behavior,isothermal tensile tests were conducted on a GLEEBLE-3500 isothermal simulator at temperatures of 380-440℃and strain rates of 0.05-1 s^(−1).The Johnson-Cook model,Hensel-Spittel model,strain-compensated Arrhenius model,and critical fracture strain model were established.Results show that through the evaluation of the models using the correlation coefficient(R)and the average absolute relative error,the strain-compensated Arrhenius model can represent the flow behavior of the alloy more accurately.Shear bands are more pronounced in the as-homogenized specimens,whereas dynamic recrystallization is predominantly observed in as-rolled specimens.Fracture morphology analysis reveals that a mixed fracture mechanism is prevalent in the as-homogenized specimen,whereas a ductile fracture mechanism is predominant in the as-rolled specimen.The processing maps indicate that the unstable region is reduced in the as-rolled specimens compared with that in the as-homogenized specimens.The optimal hot working windows for the as-homogenized and as-rolled specimens are determined as 410-440℃/0.14-1 s^(−1)and 380-400℃/0.05-0.29 s^(−1),respectively.展开更多
【目的】采用控释氮肥掺混磷钾等养分在冬小麦上一次性施用,揭示减肥、增效、节本增收方面的效应,为冬小麦轻简化生产提供技术支撑。【方法】于2011—2012、2012—2013、2013—2014年,选择在黄淮海东部不同冬小麦生态区进行控释氮肥随...【目的】采用控释氮肥掺混磷钾等养分在冬小麦上一次性施用,揭示减肥、增效、节本增收方面的效应,为冬小麦轻简化生产提供技术支撑。【方法】于2011—2012、2012—2013、2013—2014年,选择在黄淮海东部不同冬小麦生态区进行控释氮肥随小麦播种一次性施用试验。与普通氮肥分次施用(农民习惯施肥(FP)和优化施肥(OPT))对比,通过设置控释氮肥a等量氮素投入(CRFa)、控释氮肥a和控释氮肥b分别减量20%氮素投入(80%CRFa与80%CRFb)处理,经过3年31个试验对产量、养分效率、节本增收等进行研究。【结果】控释氮肥在冬小麦上一次性施用总体表现稳产或小幅增产趋势,相比普通氮肥分次施用(OPT)3年平均增产2.6%,增产点位数占全部试验点数量的83.9%。减少20%氮素投入的控释氮肥处理稳产增产点比例显著降低,两种控释氮肥中生物可降解型控释氮肥a的产量效应优于有机树脂包膜控释氮肥b;4种施肥模式随土壤质地由轻到重平均施氮增产分别为10.7%、17.4%增长到19.7%,控释氮肥应用在砂质或壤质土壤的相对增产效应(较OPT)优于黏质土壤;在中低产量水平下控释氮肥一次性施用相对产量效应(较OPT)优于高产水平地块。CRFa、80%CRFa和80%CRFb处理相比农民习惯施肥(FP)分别节约氮素投入14.7、59.3、59.3 kg N·hm^(-2),CRFa、80%CRFa和80%CRFb处理相比OPT氮肥偏生产力(PFPN)分别提高0.4、7.32、6.93 kg·kg^(-1),氮肥表观利用率分别提高1.5、8.6、6.2个百分点。CRFa和80%CRFa处理相比OPT节本增收分别达到543.8、150.3元/hm^2。【结论】冬小麦上控释氮肥配合其他养分底肥一次性施用、后期不再追肥的方式相比习惯施肥及普通肥料优化施用在产量稳定性、提高氮效率、节约劳动力及节本增收等方面优势明显。本试验条件下CRFa和80%CRFa处理效果较好。推荐减少20%氮用量CRFa施肥模式在黄淮东部冬小麦生产应用。展开更多
文摘To investigate the influence of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy with as-homogenized and as-rolled initial microstructures on the tensile flow behavior,isothermal tensile tests were conducted on a GLEEBLE-3500 isothermal simulator at temperatures of 380-440℃and strain rates of 0.05-1 s^(−1).The Johnson-Cook model,Hensel-Spittel model,strain-compensated Arrhenius model,and critical fracture strain model were established.Results show that through the evaluation of the models using the correlation coefficient(R)and the average absolute relative error,the strain-compensated Arrhenius model can represent the flow behavior of the alloy more accurately.Shear bands are more pronounced in the as-homogenized specimens,whereas dynamic recrystallization is predominantly observed in as-rolled specimens.Fracture morphology analysis reveals that a mixed fracture mechanism is prevalent in the as-homogenized specimen,whereas a ductile fracture mechanism is predominant in the as-rolled specimen.The processing maps indicate that the unstable region is reduced in the as-rolled specimens compared with that in the as-homogenized specimens.The optimal hot working windows for the as-homogenized and as-rolled specimens are determined as 410-440℃/0.14-1 s^(−1)and 380-400℃/0.05-0.29 s^(−1),respectively.
文摘【目的】采用控释氮肥掺混磷钾等养分在冬小麦上一次性施用,揭示减肥、增效、节本增收方面的效应,为冬小麦轻简化生产提供技术支撑。【方法】于2011—2012、2012—2013、2013—2014年,选择在黄淮海东部不同冬小麦生态区进行控释氮肥随小麦播种一次性施用试验。与普通氮肥分次施用(农民习惯施肥(FP)和优化施肥(OPT))对比,通过设置控释氮肥a等量氮素投入(CRFa)、控释氮肥a和控释氮肥b分别减量20%氮素投入(80%CRFa与80%CRFb)处理,经过3年31个试验对产量、养分效率、节本增收等进行研究。【结果】控释氮肥在冬小麦上一次性施用总体表现稳产或小幅增产趋势,相比普通氮肥分次施用(OPT)3年平均增产2.6%,增产点位数占全部试验点数量的83.9%。减少20%氮素投入的控释氮肥处理稳产增产点比例显著降低,两种控释氮肥中生物可降解型控释氮肥a的产量效应优于有机树脂包膜控释氮肥b;4种施肥模式随土壤质地由轻到重平均施氮增产分别为10.7%、17.4%增长到19.7%,控释氮肥应用在砂质或壤质土壤的相对增产效应(较OPT)优于黏质土壤;在中低产量水平下控释氮肥一次性施用相对产量效应(较OPT)优于高产水平地块。CRFa、80%CRFa和80%CRFb处理相比农民习惯施肥(FP)分别节约氮素投入14.7、59.3、59.3 kg N·hm^(-2),CRFa、80%CRFa和80%CRFb处理相比OPT氮肥偏生产力(PFPN)分别提高0.4、7.32、6.93 kg·kg^(-1),氮肥表观利用率分别提高1.5、8.6、6.2个百分点。CRFa和80%CRFa处理相比OPT节本增收分别达到543.8、150.3元/hm^2。【结论】冬小麦上控释氮肥配合其他养分底肥一次性施用、后期不再追肥的方式相比习惯施肥及普通肥料优化施用在产量稳定性、提高氮效率、节约劳动力及节本增收等方面优势明显。本试验条件下CRFa和80%CRFa处理效果较好。推荐减少20%氮用量CRFa施肥模式在黄淮东部冬小麦生产应用。
