Alzheimer s disease,among the most common neurodegenerative disorders,is chara cterized by progressive cognitive impairment.At present,the Alzheimer’s disease main risk remains genetic ris ks,but major environmental ...Alzheimer s disease,among the most common neurodegenerative disorders,is chara cterized by progressive cognitive impairment.At present,the Alzheimer’s disease main risk remains genetic ris ks,but major environmental fa ctors are increasingly shown to impact Alzheimer’s disease development and progression.Microglia,the most important brain immune cells,play a central role in Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis and are considered environmental and lifestyle"sensors."Factors like environmental pollution and modern lifestyles(e.g.,chronic stress,poor dietary habits,sleep,and circadian rhythm disorde rs)can cause neuroinflammato ry responses that lead to cognitive impairment via microglial functioning and phenotypic regulation.However,the specific mechanisms underlying interactions among these facto rs and microglia in Alzheimer’s disease are unclear.Herein,we:discuss the biological effects of air pollution,chronic stress,gut micro biota,sleep patterns,physical exercise,cigarette smoking,and caffeine consumption on microglia;consider how unhealthy lifestyle factors influence individual susceptibility to Alzheimer’s disease;and present the neuroprotective effects of a healthy lifestyle.Toward intervening and controlling these environmental risk fa ctors at an early Alzheimer’s disease stage,understanding the role of microglia in Alzheimer’s disease development,and to rgeting strategies to to rget microglia,co uld be essential to future Alzheimer’s disease treatments.展开更多
Flower plants are popular all over the world and important sources of ornamental plants,bioactive molecules and nutrients.Flowers have a wide range of biological activities and beneficial pharmacological effects.Flowe...Flower plants are popular all over the world and important sources of ornamental plants,bioactive molecules and nutrients.Flowers have a wide range of biological activities and beneficial pharmacological effects.Flowers and their active ingredients are becoming more and more popular in the preparation of food,drugs and industrial products.This paper summarizes the active ingredients,pharmacological activities and applications in the pharmaceutical and food industries of flower plants in recent years.In addition,the possible molecular mechanism of pharmacological effects of flower plants were also discussed.302 active constituents from 55 species of flower plants were summarized,including flavonoids(115),terpenoids(90),phenylpropanoids(20),alkaloids(13),organic acids(27)and others(37).The pharmacological effects of flower plants are very extensive,mainly including antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,anti-tumor,anti-virus,and hypoglycemic.The mechanisms of anti-inflammatory,anti-tumor and hypoglycemic activities present the characteristics of multi-way and multi-target.Because of its rich nutrients,bioactive ingredients and plant essential oils,and its wide sources,flower plants are widely used in food,beverage,cosmetics and drug research.Flower plants also play an important role in pharmaceutical industry,food industry and other fields.展开更多
Heterogeneous catalysis is a vivid branch of traditional catalysis field,with the advantage of high efficiency and being easily separated from reactants and products after reaction,and have received widespread attenti...Heterogeneous catalysis is a vivid branch of traditional catalysis field,with the advantage of high efficiency and being easily separated from reactants and products after reaction,and have received widespread attentions in large-scale industrial production,especially in the field of energy utilization.Boron has been found to be a key functional component for designing high-performance heterogeneous catalysts.In this review,we cover and categorize the past and recent progress in boron-containing materials and their applications in heterogeneous catalysis particularly in energy-related fields.The fundamental roles of boron components in the emerging heterogeneous catalysis of construction,regulation and stabilization of active phases/sites are highlighted,with the emphasis on how they regulating structural and electronic properties of host materials.We then categorize boron-containing catalysts into six kinds mainly including intermetallic boride catalysts,metal boride-derived catalysts,boron-doped catalysts,metal boride-decorated catalysts,boron-containing compounds as catalyst supports,and singleboron-site catalysts,as well as try to establish structure-catalytic activity relationship.The catalytic applications of these six boron-containing catalysts are discussed separately,focusing on the energy-related reactions such as hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),oxygen evolution reaction(OER),oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),carbon dioxide reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)and nitrogen reduction reaction(NRR).Finally,the opportunities and challenges related to boron-containing compounds in the field of catalysis are prospected.展开更多
Antioxidant andα-glucosidase inhibitiory active compounds of Cercis chinensis flowers were investigated with bio-assay guiding method.Ethyl acetate fraction(CLEa)and n-butanol fraction(CLBu)exhibited antioxidant and...Antioxidant andα-glucosidase inhibitiory active compounds of Cercis chinensis flowers were investigated with bio-assay guiding method.Ethyl acetate fraction(CLEa)and n-butanol fraction(CLBu)exhibited antioxidant andα-glucosidase inhibitiory activity in vitro,and the corresponding active fractions,EaFr.3,EaFr.5 and BuFr.1,exhibited higher antioxidant andα-glucosidase inhibitiory activity than those of other fractions.Eight compounds,ethyl gallate(1),stearic acid(2),docosanoic acid(3),5α-stigmast-9(11)-en-3β-ol(4),kaempferol-3-O-α-rhamnopyranoside(5),vanillic acid(6),fisetin(7),andβ-sitosterol(8),were isolated and identified from CLEa and CLBu.Ethyl gallate shown the highest antioxidant activity by scavenging DPPH radical and reducing ferric compared.Docosanoic acid and vanillic acid shown strongerα-glucosidase inhibitory activity than that of acarbose.展开更多
Ligustri lucidi Fructus is a traditional Chinese medicine and possesses various bioactivities,including hypoglycemic effect.Ligustrum lucidum Ait flowers are poorly investigated.Thus,we hypothesized that L.lucidum flo...Ligustri lucidi Fructus is a traditional Chinese medicine and possesses various bioactivities,including hypoglycemic effect.Ligustrum lucidum Ait flowers are poorly investigated.Thus,we hypothesized that L.lucidum flowers also could have hypoglycemic effect.Chemical composition and glucose uptake effect of L.lucidum flowers on 3T3-L1 adipocytes were investigated.In this study,the components of L.lucidum flowers were investigated by various chromatographic and spectroscopic methods and the effects of L.lucidum flowers on the induction of glucose uptake were investigated by 3T3-L1 adipocytes.Seven compounds were isolated and identified from L.lucidum flowers,including ursolic acid(1),kaempferol-7-O-α-Lrhamnoside(2,KR),β-sitosterol(3),β-daucosterol(4),kaempferitrin(5,KF),10-hydroxy oleuropein(6,HO),and kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside-7-α-L-rhamnopyranoside(7,KGR).The results of glucose uptake showed that total extract(TE),KR,KF and HO from L.lucidum flowers significantly enhanced glucose uptake.This study demonstrated that compounds 2,5-7 were isolated for the first time from this plant and compounds 2 and 7 were isolated for the first time in genus Ligustrum,L.lucidum flowers,KR,KF and HO may possess potential hypoglycemic effect.展开更多
A new method was reported for surface modification of an up-conversion luminescence material with hydrosulfide group. The factors that may influence the surface modification,such as reaction time,amount of catalyzer a...A new method was reported for surface modification of an up-conversion luminescence material with hydrosulfide group. The factors that may influence the surface modification,such as reaction time,amount of catalyzer and modifier,and reaction solvent,were investigated. The optimal conditions were that the reaction time,the quantity of the basic catalyzer,the quantity of modifier and the volume of reaction solvent were 40 min,1.0,1.0,and 40 mL,respectively. The results indicated that hydrosulfide group content modified on the surface of up-conversion luminescence material reached to 0.1430 mmol/g,and this modified up-conversion luminescence material could be widely used in the study of structure of protein and the property of microenvironment.展开更多
In this study,the hypertrophic scar（HS） model in rats was established.5-fluorouracil（5-FU）patch,-1000 V and-2000 V polypropylene（PP） electret 5-FU patches were prepared and applied onto the wound.The in vitro pe...In this study,the hypertrophic scar（HS） model in rats was established.5-fluorouracil（5-FU）patch,-1000 V and-2000 V polypropylene（PP） electret 5-FU patches were prepared and applied onto the wound.The in vitro permeation experiment was performed using the Franz diffusion cell system to determine the permeation cumulative amount and retention amount of5-FU through/in scar skin.The inhibition effect of negative electret on growth of HS was studied by hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining,Masson staining and the immunohistologicall methods.The permeation study indicated that a negative electret could enhance the permeation and retention of 5-FU through and in scar skin respectively.HE staining and Masson staining indicated a better effect for-1000 V and-2000 V electret 5-FU patches on HS inhibition after28 d post-wounding compared with 5-FU patch.The immunohistological study showed much more reduced expressions of collegan type I,collegan type III,TGF-β1 and HSP47 in scar tissue after application of negative electret 5-FU patches than those of 5-FU patch.A negative electret5-FU patch may be advantageous for HS treatment.展开更多
Leaf angle is a major agronomic trait that determines plant architecture,which directly affects rice planting density,photosynthetic efficiency,and yield.The plant phytohormones brassinosteroids(BRs)and the MAPK signa...Leaf angle is a major agronomic trait that determines plant architecture,which directly affects rice planting density,photosynthetic efficiency,and yield.The plant phytohormones brassinosteroids(BRs)and the MAPK signaling cascade are known to play crucial roles in regulating leaf angle,but the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood.Here,we report a rice WRKY family transcription factor gene,OsWRKY72,which positively regulates leaf angle by affecting lamina joint development and BR signaling.Phenotypic analysis showed that oswrky72 mutants have smaller leaf angles and exhibit insensitivity to exogenous BRs,whereas OsWRKY72 overexpression lines show enlarged leaf angles and are hypersensitive to exogenous BRs.Histological sections revealed that the change in leaf inclination is due to asymmetric cell proliferation and growth at the lamina joint.Further investigation showed that OsWRKY72 binds directly to the promoter region of BR receptor kinase(OsBRI1),a key gene in theBR signaling pathway,and activates its expression to positively regulate rice BR signaling.In addition,we discovered that OsWRKY72 interacts with and is phosphorylated by OsMAPK6,and this phosphorylation event can enhanceOsWRKY72 activity in promoting OsBRI1 expression.Genetic evidence confirmed that OsMAPK6,OsWRKY72,and OsBRI1 function in a common pathway to regulate leaf angle.Collectively,our findings clarify the critical role of the OsWRKY72 transcription factor in regulating rice leaf angle.These results provide valuable insights into the molecular regulatory networks that govern plant architecture in rice.展开更多
烟后制种指烟叶收获后的农田进行杂交水稻制种或不育系繁殖,是南方制种区域产业结构调整的耕作制度新模式.本试验在烟后制种期,研究分析水稻细胞质雄性不育(cytoplasmic male sterility,CMS)微效恢复基因与播期互作对不育性稳定性的影响...烟后制种指烟叶收获后的农田进行杂交水稻制种或不育系繁殖,是南方制种区域产业结构调整的耕作制度新模式.本试验在烟后制种期,研究分析水稻细胞质雄性不育(cytoplasmic male sterility,CMS)微效恢复基因与播期互作对不育性稳定性的影响,为不育系繁殖提纯、遗传选育和烟后制种提供理论参考与实际应用依据.选择5个不同微效恢复基因数量的不育系珍汕97A、龙特浦A、野香A、京福1A、301A,设置4个播期和2个试点,在播期、地点及其互作下,以嵌合颖花率和黑染花粉率为花粉育性指标进行解析比较,应用主效可加互作可乘模型(additive main effects and multiplicative interaction model,AMMI模型)分析,探究不育系花粉育性的动态趋势.CMS的育性回复除受主效基因控制外,微效基因也产生累加作用.龙特浦A属于微效恢复基因数量较多类型,对播期和试点变化反应较为敏感;野香A、京福1A、301A归类为微效恢复基因数量中间类型,对播期等因素有一定程度的反应;珍汕97A为微效恢复基因数量较少类型,对播期等因素反应敏感度低.对播期敏感度效应从大到小依次为龙特浦A、301A、京福1A、野香A、珍汕97A.根据CMS不育性的敏感性效应,在生产上进行烟后制种和繁殖时,播期适当提前对于种子纯化效果较好,在不育系遗传选育和原种提纯时,选择微效恢复基因高效表达的时期进行,有利于及早剔除不合格单株,加快获得不育性稳定的群体.展开更多
Pleurotus ostreatus as an edible mushroom with pharmacological potential,belonging to class basidiomycetes of kingdom Mycota is known to have immense therapeutic properties.P.ostreatus contains polysaccharides,protein...Pleurotus ostreatus as an edible mushroom with pharmacological potential,belonging to class basidiomycetes of kingdom Mycota is known to have immense therapeutic properties.P.ostreatus contains polysaccharides,proteins,sterols,volatile oils and polyphenols.P.ostreatus has a variety of biological activities,including anti-oxidant,anti-hyperlipidemic,anti-tumor,immunoregulatory and bacteriostatic.This paper summarizes the extraction methods,chemical components and biological activities of P.ostreatus,and find it is good resources to develop medicine and health food.展开更多
Cornus officinalis Sieb.et Zucc.,a valuable Chinese medicine resource,has a long clinic utilization history.In recent years,more research focus on the chemical composition and pharmacological activity of C.officinalis...Cornus officinalis Sieb.et Zucc.,a valuable Chinese medicine resource,has a long clinic utilization history.In recent years,more research focus on the chemical composition and pharmacological activity of C.officinalis which was used as health foods and drugs.This paper summarized the active ingredients,pharmacological activities and molecular mechanisms of C.officinalis in recent 5 years to provide reference for the development and utilization of C.officinalis.A total of 149 active constituents of C.officinalis were summarized,including iridoids(64),flavonoids(18),lignin(17),tannins(16),organic acids and phenolic acids(14),triterpenes(11)and others(9),which were further subdivided according to their pharmacological effects.It was found that the pharmacological effects of C.officinalis were very extensive,mainly including antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,anti-tumor,neuroprotective and other biological activities.Among these activities,the anti-inflammatory and hypoglycemic mechanisms showed multi-pathway and multi-target characteristics,which were elaborated systematically.However,there are still many compounds in C.officinalis that have not been studied for biological activity,which means that it still has potential pharmacological activity to be further studied.C.officinalis not only has high medicinal value,but also has a potential edible resource.However,limited by people's understanding of the nutritional value of C.officinalis,few product types and incomplete processing technology,people's acceptance of the edible value of C.oficinalis is not high,and it needs to be further developed and utilized.展开更多
水稻黄绿叶突变会显著影响水稻产量和稻米品质.研究黄绿叶突变体叶绿素变化机理对选育高光效品种,促进水稻增产具有重要意义.本研究以甲基磺酸乙酯(ethylmethylsulfone,EMS)诱变处理粳稻云引(YY)后发现的一个黄绿叶突变体w08(YGL)为材料...水稻黄绿叶突变会显著影响水稻产量和稻米品质.研究黄绿叶突变体叶绿素变化机理对选育高光效品种,促进水稻增产具有重要意义.本研究以甲基磺酸乙酯(ethylmethylsulfone,EMS)诱变处理粳稻云引(YY)后发现的一个黄绿叶突变体w08(YGL)为材料,研究叶色突变对主要农艺性状、叶绿素含量、光合参数变化、水稻生理及亚显微结构的影响,并对该突变性状进行遗传分析、基因定位和功能验证.研究表明,突变体全生育期均表现为黄绿色.与野生型云引(YY)相比,突变体w08单株有效穗、结实率、千粒重分别降低46.7%、50.1%和18.3%,叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量分别下降41.2%、98.7%、17.5%.光合速率检测结果表明,突变体净光合速率(Pn)显著降低,而细胞间CO_(2)(Ci)显著增加.对叶片叶绿体进行超微结构电子显微镜观察,结果发现,叶绿体内的类囊体基粒片层数目在突变体中明显减少.遗传分析结果表明,突变体黄绿叶性状为单基因遗传,受一对隐性核基因控制.利用突变体与雷蒙特(Lemont)杂交构建F2遗传群体,将该基因定位在10号染色体长臂GL8和T258两个标记之间,物理距离为60.2 kb,该区间包含14个候选基因.基因测序发现,该区间内的编码叶绿素酸酯氧化酶1(chlorophyllide a oxygenase1)蛋白的候选基因OsCAO1编码区CDS序列第957位碱基发生突变,形成一个终止密码子,使蛋白翻译提前终止.通过构建过表达和敲除载体进行转基因功能验证,进一步证实了OsCAO1基因功能.分析突变体中的激素含量和分蘖调控相关基因的表达,结果表明,突变体中水稻分蘖相关基因表达水平明显下降,生长素合成基因表达水平显著提高,水稻分蘖芽的生长素含量显著提高,从而证实OsCAO1基因突变抑制了水稻分蘖生长,使单株有效穗显著减少.展开更多
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS- CoV-2), is a life-threatening disease, especially in elderly individuals and those with comorbidities. The...Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS- CoV-2), is a life-threatening disease, especially in elderly individuals and those with comorbidities. The predominant clinical manifestation of COVID-19 is respiratory dysfunction, while neurological presentations are increasingly being recognized. SARS-CoV-2 invades host cells primarily via attachment of the spike protein to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor expressed on cell membranes. Patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection and prone to severe clinical outcomes. Recent studies have revealed some common risk fac-tors for AD and COVID-19. An understanding of the association between COVID-19 and AD and the potential related mechanisms may lead to the development of novel approaches to treating both diseases. In the present review, we first summarize the mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 invades the central nervous system (CNS) and then discuss the associations and potential shared key factors between COVID-19 and AD, with a focus on the ACE2 receptor, apolipo-protein E (APOE) genotype, age, and neuroinflammation.展开更多
Summary What is already known about this topic?Short-chain chlorinated paraffins(SCCPs)are persistent organic pollutants that are toxic to organisms.Medium-chain chlorinated paraffins(MCCPs)have similar properties.Chl...Summary What is already known about this topic?Short-chain chlorinated paraffins(SCCPs)are persistent organic pollutants that are toxic to organisms.Medium-chain chlorinated paraffins(MCCPs)have similar properties.Chlorinated paraffins(CPs)may be biomagnified through the food chain,thereby threatening human health.What is added by this report?The concentrations of SCCP and MCCP in each food sample were 5-265 and 4-306 ng/g,respectively.The estimated dietary exposure to CPs was relatively lower than the threshold set in the current guidelines.What are the implications for public health practice?The production and use of SCCP and MCCP have not been prohibited in China yet.Further studies are needed to assess the health risks through dietary exposure to CPs.展开更多
Lentinus edodes and Auricularia auricula are the first and second largest edible fungi in China with high nutritional and medicinal values.Research about phytochemicals of L.edodes and A.auricula mainly focuses on pol...Lentinus edodes and Auricularia auricula are the first and second largest edible fungi in China with high nutritional and medicinal values.Research about phytochemicals of L.edodes and A.auricula mainly focuses on polysaccharides,other phytochemicals are not fully studied.Phytochemicals of L.edodes and A.auricula were investigated by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap MS).Twenty-three compounds were identified in L.edodes,mainly including amino acids and analogs,flavonoids,nucleosides and analogs,phenols and steroids.Twenty-nine compounds were identified in A.auricula,mainly including amino acids and analogs,nucleosides and analogs,flavonoids and phenols.There are 9 common ingredients of L.edodes and A.auricula,including 4 amino acids and analogs,2 flavonoids,2 nucleosides and analogs and 1 phenol.展开更多
Rosa chinensis as edible flowers,is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine,which is rich in resources and is cultivated in most parts of China.Its phytochemicals mainly include flavonoids and their glycosides,phenolic...Rosa chinensis as edible flowers,is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine,which is rich in resources and is cultivated in most parts of China.Its phytochemicals mainly include flavonoids and their glycosides,phenolic acids,pentacyclic triterpenes and steroids.R.chinensis has many biological activities,including antioxidation,antibiosis,protection of pancreatic islet cells.The phytochemicals and biological activities of R.chinensis were summarized by databases such as Web of Science,SciFinder,Baidu Scholar,PubMed,ScienceDirect and SpringerLink.展开更多
Lagerstroemia indica L.has a high medicinal value,its bark,leaves and flowers can be used as medicine.Its flowers are reddish,purple,or white,thereinto,the white one is called L.indica Linn.f.alba(Nichols.)Rehd.,which...Lagerstroemia indica L.has a high medicinal value,its bark,leaves and flowers can be used as medicine.Its flowers are reddish,purple,or white,thereinto,the white one is called L.indica Linn.f.alba(Nichols.)Rehd.,which is a forma of L.indica.In this paper,the hypoglycemic effects of different extracts from flowers of L.indica(LIF)and L.indica L.f.alba(Nichols.)Rehd.(LIAF)were investigated byα-glucosidase inhibitory method in vitro and alloxan-induced diabetic mice model in vivo,respectively.The results in vitro showed that ethyl acetate extracts(EA)of LIF and LIAF(IC_(50)=4.45 and 4.09µg/mL,resepectively)had the highest inhibitory activity ofα-glucosidase,and followed by n-butyl alcohol extracts(BU)(IC_(50)=17.01 and 14.58µg/mL,respectively),and the last was petroleum ether extracts(PE)(IC_(50)=103.29 and 112.47µg/mL,respectively),the activities of all extracts were higher than that of the positive control(acarbose,IC_(50)=1278.83µg/mL).The results in vivo showed that compared with the model control group,each dose group of LIF could significantly(P<0.05,P<0.01 or P<0.001)decrease fasting blood glucose,total cholesterol(TC)level and malondialdehyde(MDA)content in diabetic mice and increase superoxide dismutase(SOD)level(P<0.05)in serum.Partial dose groups of LIF could significantly(P<0.05)decrease postprandial blood glucose,triglyceride(TG)and increase liver glycogen content.Each dose group of LIAF could significantly(P<0.05,P<0.01 or P<0.001)decrease fasting blood glucose,TC level and increase SOD level in serum.Partial dose groups of LIAF could significantly(P<0.05)decrease TG,MDA level and increase liver glycogen content.These results indicate that LIF and LIAF had effective prevention and treatment effects on the development for diabetes.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82071190 and 82371438(to LC)Innovative Strong School Project of Guangdong Medical University,No.4SG21230G(to LC)Scientific Research Foundation of Guangdong Medical University,No.GDMUM2020017(to CL)。
文摘Alzheimer s disease,among the most common neurodegenerative disorders,is chara cterized by progressive cognitive impairment.At present,the Alzheimer’s disease main risk remains genetic ris ks,but major environmental fa ctors are increasingly shown to impact Alzheimer’s disease development and progression.Microglia,the most important brain immune cells,play a central role in Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis and are considered environmental and lifestyle"sensors."Factors like environmental pollution and modern lifestyles(e.g.,chronic stress,poor dietary habits,sleep,and circadian rhythm disorde rs)can cause neuroinflammato ry responses that lead to cognitive impairment via microglial functioning and phenotypic regulation.However,the specific mechanisms underlying interactions among these facto rs and microglia in Alzheimer’s disease are unclear.Herein,we:discuss the biological effects of air pollution,chronic stress,gut micro biota,sleep patterns,physical exercise,cigarette smoking,and caffeine consumption on microglia;consider how unhealthy lifestyle factors influence individual susceptibility to Alzheimer’s disease;and present the neuroprotective effects of a healthy lifestyle.Toward intervening and controlling these environmental risk fa ctors at an early Alzheimer’s disease stage,understanding the role of microglia in Alzheimer’s disease development,and to rgeting strategies to to rget microglia,co uld be essential to future Alzheimer’s disease treatments.
基金funded by National Key R&D Program of China(2022)Research on Precision Nutrition and Health Food,Department of Science and Technology of Henan Province(CXJD2021006)Key Project in Science and Technology Agency of Henan Province(212102310355).
文摘Flower plants are popular all over the world and important sources of ornamental plants,bioactive molecules and nutrients.Flowers have a wide range of biological activities and beneficial pharmacological effects.Flowers and their active ingredients are becoming more and more popular in the preparation of food,drugs and industrial products.This paper summarizes the active ingredients,pharmacological activities and applications in the pharmaceutical and food industries of flower plants in recent years.In addition,the possible molecular mechanism of pharmacological effects of flower plants were also discussed.302 active constituents from 55 species of flower plants were summarized,including flavonoids(115),terpenoids(90),phenylpropanoids(20),alkaloids(13),organic acids(27)and others(37).The pharmacological effects of flower plants are very extensive,mainly including antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,anti-tumor,anti-virus,and hypoglycemic.The mechanisms of anti-inflammatory,anti-tumor and hypoglycemic activities present the characteristics of multi-way and multi-target.Because of its rich nutrients,bioactive ingredients and plant essential oils,and its wide sources,flower plants are widely used in food,beverage,cosmetics and drug research.Flower plants also play an important role in pharmaceutical industry,food industry and other fields.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC Nos.21922507 and 21771079)the Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Plan(No.YDZJ202101ZYTS126)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe financial support from Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province,China(No.20210101120JC)。
文摘Heterogeneous catalysis is a vivid branch of traditional catalysis field,with the advantage of high efficiency and being easily separated from reactants and products after reaction,and have received widespread attentions in large-scale industrial production,especially in the field of energy utilization.Boron has been found to be a key functional component for designing high-performance heterogeneous catalysts.In this review,we cover and categorize the past and recent progress in boron-containing materials and their applications in heterogeneous catalysis particularly in energy-related fields.The fundamental roles of boron components in the emerging heterogeneous catalysis of construction,regulation and stabilization of active phases/sites are highlighted,with the emphasis on how they regulating structural and electronic properties of host materials.We then categorize boron-containing catalysts into six kinds mainly including intermetallic boride catalysts,metal boride-derived catalysts,boron-doped catalysts,metal boride-decorated catalysts,boron-containing compounds as catalyst supports,and singleboron-site catalysts,as well as try to establish structure-catalytic activity relationship.The catalytic applications of these six boron-containing catalysts are discussed separately,focusing on the energy-related reactions such as hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),oxygen evolution reaction(OER),oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),carbon dioxide reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)and nitrogen reduction reaction(NRR).Finally,the opportunities and challenges related to boron-containing compounds in the field of catalysis are prospected.
基金This work was supported by Key Project in Science and Technology Agency of Henan Province(192102110112,192102110214 and 182102410083)Innovation Training Program for College Students(201910475107 and MSCXSY2019036).
文摘Antioxidant andα-glucosidase inhibitiory active compounds of Cercis chinensis flowers were investigated with bio-assay guiding method.Ethyl acetate fraction(CLEa)and n-butanol fraction(CLBu)exhibited antioxidant andα-glucosidase inhibitiory activity in vitro,and the corresponding active fractions,EaFr.3,EaFr.5 and BuFr.1,exhibited higher antioxidant andα-glucosidase inhibitiory activity than those of other fractions.Eight compounds,ethyl gallate(1),stearic acid(2),docosanoic acid(3),5α-stigmast-9(11)-en-3β-ol(4),kaempferol-3-O-α-rhamnopyranoside(5),vanillic acid(6),fisetin(7),andβ-sitosterol(8),were isolated and identified from CLEa and CLBu.Ethyl gallate shown the highest antioxidant activity by scavenging DPPH radical and reducing ferric compared.Docosanoic acid and vanillic acid shown strongerα-glucosidase inhibitory activity than that of acarbose.
基金This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31900292)Key Project in Science and Technology Agency of Henan Province(182102410083).
文摘Ligustri lucidi Fructus is a traditional Chinese medicine and possesses various bioactivities,including hypoglycemic effect.Ligustrum lucidum Ait flowers are poorly investigated.Thus,we hypothesized that L.lucidum flowers also could have hypoglycemic effect.Chemical composition and glucose uptake effect of L.lucidum flowers on 3T3-L1 adipocytes were investigated.In this study,the components of L.lucidum flowers were investigated by various chromatographic and spectroscopic methods and the effects of L.lucidum flowers on the induction of glucose uptake were investigated by 3T3-L1 adipocytes.Seven compounds were isolated and identified from L.lucidum flowers,including ursolic acid(1),kaempferol-7-O-α-Lrhamnoside(2,KR),β-sitosterol(3),β-daucosterol(4),kaempferitrin(5,KF),10-hydroxy oleuropein(6,HO),and kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside-7-α-L-rhamnopyranoside(7,KGR).The results of glucose uptake showed that total extract(TE),KR,KF and HO from L.lucidum flowers significantly enhanced glucose uptake.This study demonstrated that compounds 2,5-7 were isolated for the first time from this plant and compounds 2 and 7 were isolated for the first time in genus Ligustrum,L.lucidum flowers,KR,KF and HO may possess potential hypoglycemic effect.
基金the National Natural Science Foundations of China (No50372006 and No20273007)
文摘A new method was reported for surface modification of an up-conversion luminescence material with hydrosulfide group. The factors that may influence the surface modification,such as reaction time,amount of catalyzer and modifier,and reaction solvent,were investigated. The optimal conditions were that the reaction time,the quantity of the basic catalyzer,the quantity of modifier and the volume of reaction solvent were 40 min,1.0,1.0,and 40 mL,respectively. The results indicated that hydrosulfide group content modified on the surface of up-conversion luminescence material reached to 0.1430 mmol/g,and this modified up-conversion luminescence material could be widely used in the study of structure of protein and the property of microenvironment.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51477175) for financial support
文摘In this study,the hypertrophic scar（HS） model in rats was established.5-fluorouracil（5-FU）patch,-1000 V and-2000 V polypropylene（PP） electret 5-FU patches were prepared and applied onto the wound.The in vitro permeation experiment was performed using the Franz diffusion cell system to determine the permeation cumulative amount and retention amount of5-FU through/in scar skin.The inhibition effect of negative electret on growth of HS was studied by hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining,Masson staining and the immunohistologicall methods.The permeation study indicated that a negative electret could enhance the permeation and retention of 5-FU through and in scar skin respectively.HE staining and Masson staining indicated a better effect for-1000 V and-2000 V electret 5-FU patches on HS inhibition after28 d post-wounding compared with 5-FU patch.The immunohistological study showed much more reduced expressions of collegan type I,collegan type III,TGF-β1 and HSP47 in scar tissue after application of negative electret 5-FU patches than those of 5-FU patch.A negative electret5-FU patch may be advantageous for HS treatment.
基金supported by the National Rice Industry Technology Sys-tem of Modern Agriculture for China(grant no.CARS-01-08)the"5511"Collaborative Innovation Project for High-quality Development and Sur-passes of Agriculture between Government of Fujian and Chinese Acad-emy of Agricultural Sciences(grant no.XTCXGC2021001)+4 种基金the Key Pro-gram of Science and Technology in Fujian province,China(grant no.2020NZ08016)the Special Foundation of Non-Profit Research Institutes of Fujian Province(grant no.2020R1023008)the National Natural Science Foundation of China-Youth Science Fund Project(grant no.32201733)the Scientific Research Project of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences(grant no.GJYS202301)the Central Government Guides Local Science and Technology Development Special Project(grant no.2022L3018).
文摘Leaf angle is a major agronomic trait that determines plant architecture,which directly affects rice planting density,photosynthetic efficiency,and yield.The plant phytohormones brassinosteroids(BRs)and the MAPK signaling cascade are known to play crucial roles in regulating leaf angle,but the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood.Here,we report a rice WRKY family transcription factor gene,OsWRKY72,which positively regulates leaf angle by affecting lamina joint development and BR signaling.Phenotypic analysis showed that oswrky72 mutants have smaller leaf angles and exhibit insensitivity to exogenous BRs,whereas OsWRKY72 overexpression lines show enlarged leaf angles and are hypersensitive to exogenous BRs.Histological sections revealed that the change in leaf inclination is due to asymmetric cell proliferation and growth at the lamina joint.Further investigation showed that OsWRKY72 binds directly to the promoter region of BR receptor kinase(OsBRI1),a key gene in theBR signaling pathway,and activates its expression to positively regulate rice BR signaling.In addition,we discovered that OsWRKY72 interacts with and is phosphorylated by OsMAPK6,and this phosphorylation event can enhanceOsWRKY72 activity in promoting OsBRI1 expression.Genetic evidence confirmed that OsMAPK6,OsWRKY72,and OsBRI1 function in a common pathway to regulate leaf angle.Collectively,our findings clarify the critical role of the OsWRKY72 transcription factor in regulating rice leaf angle.These results provide valuable insights into the molecular regulatory networks that govern plant architecture in rice.
文摘烟后制种指烟叶收获后的农田进行杂交水稻制种或不育系繁殖,是南方制种区域产业结构调整的耕作制度新模式.本试验在烟后制种期,研究分析水稻细胞质雄性不育(cytoplasmic male sterility,CMS)微效恢复基因与播期互作对不育性稳定性的影响,为不育系繁殖提纯、遗传选育和烟后制种提供理论参考与实际应用依据.选择5个不同微效恢复基因数量的不育系珍汕97A、龙特浦A、野香A、京福1A、301A,设置4个播期和2个试点,在播期、地点及其互作下,以嵌合颖花率和黑染花粉率为花粉育性指标进行解析比较,应用主效可加互作可乘模型(additive main effects and multiplicative interaction model,AMMI模型)分析,探究不育系花粉育性的动态趋势.CMS的育性回复除受主效基因控制外,微效基因也产生累加作用.龙特浦A属于微效恢复基因数量较多类型,对播期和试点变化反应较为敏感;野香A、京福1A、301A归类为微效恢复基因数量中间类型,对播期等因素有一定程度的反应;珍汕97A为微效恢复基因数量较少类型,对播期等因素反应敏感度低.对播期敏感度效应从大到小依次为龙特浦A、301A、京福1A、野香A、珍汕97A.根据CMS不育性的敏感性效应,在生产上进行烟后制种和繁殖时,播期适当提前对于种子纯化效果较好,在不育系遗传选育和原种提纯时,选择微效恢复基因高效表达的时期进行,有利于及早剔除不合格单株,加快获得不育性稳定的群体.
基金Major Public Welfare Projects in Henan Province(201300110200)Key R&D Project of Henan Province Research on Precision Nutrition and Health Food(221111110600)+1 种基金Technology of Henan Province(CXJD2021006)Science and Technology Project of Kaifeng(2206002).
文摘Pleurotus ostreatus as an edible mushroom with pharmacological potential,belonging to class basidiomycetes of kingdom Mycota is known to have immense therapeutic properties.P.ostreatus contains polysaccharides,proteins,sterols,volatile oils and polyphenols.P.ostreatus has a variety of biological activities,including anti-oxidant,anti-hyperlipidemic,anti-tumor,immunoregulatory and bacteriostatic.This paper summarizes the extraction methods,chemical components and biological activities of P.ostreatus,and find it is good resources to develop medicine and health food.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFF1100300)Major Science and Technology Project of Henan Province(231100310200)+1 种基金Key R&D Project of Henan Province(231111112100)Research on Precision Nutrition and Health Food,Department of Science and Technology of Henan Province(CXJD2021006).
文摘Cornus officinalis Sieb.et Zucc.,a valuable Chinese medicine resource,has a long clinic utilization history.In recent years,more research focus on the chemical composition and pharmacological activity of C.officinalis which was used as health foods and drugs.This paper summarized the active ingredients,pharmacological activities and molecular mechanisms of C.officinalis in recent 5 years to provide reference for the development and utilization of C.officinalis.A total of 149 active constituents of C.officinalis were summarized,including iridoids(64),flavonoids(18),lignin(17),tannins(16),organic acids and phenolic acids(14),triterpenes(11)and others(9),which were further subdivided according to their pharmacological effects.It was found that the pharmacological effects of C.officinalis were very extensive,mainly including antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,anti-tumor,neuroprotective and other biological activities.Among these activities,the anti-inflammatory and hypoglycemic mechanisms showed multi-pathway and multi-target characteristics,which were elaborated systematically.However,there are still many compounds in C.officinalis that have not been studied for biological activity,which means that it still has potential pharmacological activity to be further studied.C.officinalis not only has high medicinal value,but also has a potential edible resource.However,limited by people's understanding of the nutritional value of C.officinalis,few product types and incomplete processing technology,people's acceptance of the edible value of C.oficinalis is not high,and it needs to be further developed and utilized.
文摘水稻黄绿叶突变会显著影响水稻产量和稻米品质.研究黄绿叶突变体叶绿素变化机理对选育高光效品种,促进水稻增产具有重要意义.本研究以甲基磺酸乙酯(ethylmethylsulfone,EMS)诱变处理粳稻云引(YY)后发现的一个黄绿叶突变体w08(YGL)为材料,研究叶色突变对主要农艺性状、叶绿素含量、光合参数变化、水稻生理及亚显微结构的影响,并对该突变性状进行遗传分析、基因定位和功能验证.研究表明,突变体全生育期均表现为黄绿色.与野生型云引(YY)相比,突变体w08单株有效穗、结实率、千粒重分别降低46.7%、50.1%和18.3%,叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量分别下降41.2%、98.7%、17.5%.光合速率检测结果表明,突变体净光合速率(Pn)显著降低,而细胞间CO_(2)(Ci)显著增加.对叶片叶绿体进行超微结构电子显微镜观察,结果发现,叶绿体内的类囊体基粒片层数目在突变体中明显减少.遗传分析结果表明,突变体黄绿叶性状为单基因遗传,受一对隐性核基因控制.利用突变体与雷蒙特(Lemont)杂交构建F2遗传群体,将该基因定位在10号染色体长臂GL8和T258两个标记之间,物理距离为60.2 kb,该区间包含14个候选基因.基因测序发现,该区间内的编码叶绿素酸酯氧化酶1(chlorophyllide a oxygenase1)蛋白的候选基因OsCAO1编码区CDS序列第957位碱基发生突变,形成一个终止密码子,使蛋白翻译提前终止.通过构建过表达和敲除载体进行转基因功能验证,进一步证实了OsCAO1基因功能.分析突变体中的激素含量和分蘖调控相关基因的表达,结果表明,突变体中水稻分蘖相关基因表达水平明显下降,生长素合成基因表达水平显著提高,水稻分蘖芽的生长素含量显著提高,从而证实OsCAO1基因突变抑制了水稻分蘖生长,使单株有效穗显著减少.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81671181)the Project funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M710848).
文摘Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS- CoV-2), is a life-threatening disease, especially in elderly individuals and those with comorbidities. The predominant clinical manifestation of COVID-19 is respiratory dysfunction, while neurological presentations are increasingly being recognized. SARS-CoV-2 invades host cells primarily via attachment of the spike protein to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor expressed on cell membranes. Patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection and prone to severe clinical outcomes. Recent studies have revealed some common risk fac-tors for AD and COVID-19. An understanding of the association between COVID-19 and AD and the potential related mechanisms may lead to the development of novel approaches to treating both diseases. In the present review, we first summarize the mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 invades the central nervous system (CNS) and then discuss the associations and potential shared key factors between COVID-19 and AD, with a focus on the ACE2 receptor, apolipo-protein E (APOE) genotype, age, and neuroinflammation.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant number 2017YFC1600500)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Science(CIFMS 2019-I2M-5-024)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grants no.21537001 and 21976187).
文摘Summary What is already known about this topic?Short-chain chlorinated paraffins(SCCPs)are persistent organic pollutants that are toxic to organisms.Medium-chain chlorinated paraffins(MCCPs)have similar properties.Chlorinated paraffins(CPs)may be biomagnified through the food chain,thereby threatening human health.What is added by this report?The concentrations of SCCP and MCCP in each food sample were 5-265 and 4-306 ng/g,respectively.The estimated dietary exposure to CPs was relatively lower than the threshold set in the current guidelines.What are the implications for public health practice?The production and use of SCCP and MCCP have not been prohibited in China yet.Further studies are needed to assess the health risks through dietary exposure to CPs.
基金This work was supported by Major Public Welfare Projects in Henan Province(201300110200)Research on Precision Nutrition and Health Food,Department of Science and Technology of Henan Province(CXJD2021006).
文摘Lentinus edodes and Auricularia auricula are the first and second largest edible fungi in China with high nutritional and medicinal values.Research about phytochemicals of L.edodes and A.auricula mainly focuses on polysaccharides,other phytochemicals are not fully studied.Phytochemicals of L.edodes and A.auricula were investigated by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap MS).Twenty-three compounds were identified in L.edodes,mainly including amino acids and analogs,flavonoids,nucleosides and analogs,phenols and steroids.Twenty-nine compounds were identified in A.auricula,mainly including amino acids and analogs,nucleosides and analogs,flavonoids and phenols.There are 9 common ingredients of L.edodes and A.auricula,including 4 amino acids and analogs,2 flavonoids,2 nucleosides and analogs and 1 phenol.
基金supported by Kaifeng Science and Technology Bureau Project(1908007).
文摘Rosa chinensis as edible flowers,is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine,which is rich in resources and is cultivated in most parts of China.Its phytochemicals mainly include flavonoids and their glycosides,phenolic acids,pentacyclic triterpenes and steroids.R.chinensis has many biological activities,including antioxidation,antibiosis,protection of pancreatic islet cells.The phytochemicals and biological activities of R.chinensis were summarized by databases such as Web of Science,SciFinder,Baidu Scholar,PubMed,ScienceDirect and SpringerLink.
基金This work was funded by Research on Precision Nutrition and Health Food,Department of Science and Technology of Henan Province(CXJD2021006).
文摘Lagerstroemia indica L.has a high medicinal value,its bark,leaves and flowers can be used as medicine.Its flowers are reddish,purple,or white,thereinto,the white one is called L.indica Linn.f.alba(Nichols.)Rehd.,which is a forma of L.indica.In this paper,the hypoglycemic effects of different extracts from flowers of L.indica(LIF)and L.indica L.f.alba(Nichols.)Rehd.(LIAF)were investigated byα-glucosidase inhibitory method in vitro and alloxan-induced diabetic mice model in vivo,respectively.The results in vitro showed that ethyl acetate extracts(EA)of LIF and LIAF(IC_(50)=4.45 and 4.09µg/mL,resepectively)had the highest inhibitory activity ofα-glucosidase,and followed by n-butyl alcohol extracts(BU)(IC_(50)=17.01 and 14.58µg/mL,respectively),and the last was petroleum ether extracts(PE)(IC_(50)=103.29 and 112.47µg/mL,respectively),the activities of all extracts were higher than that of the positive control(acarbose,IC_(50)=1278.83µg/mL).The results in vivo showed that compared with the model control group,each dose group of LIF could significantly(P<0.05,P<0.01 or P<0.001)decrease fasting blood glucose,total cholesterol(TC)level and malondialdehyde(MDA)content in diabetic mice and increase superoxide dismutase(SOD)level(P<0.05)in serum.Partial dose groups of LIF could significantly(P<0.05)decrease postprandial blood glucose,triglyceride(TG)and increase liver glycogen content.Each dose group of LIAF could significantly(P<0.05,P<0.01 or P<0.001)decrease fasting blood glucose,TC level and increase SOD level in serum.Partial dose groups of LIAF could significantly(P<0.05)decrease TG,MDA level and increase liver glycogen content.These results indicate that LIF and LIAF had effective prevention and treatment effects on the development for diabetes.
