Atmospheric reanalysis is a process that utilizes numerical weather prediction(NWP)models and data assimilation systems to integrate historical meteorological observations,thereby reconstructing datasets that represen...Atmospheric reanalysis is a process that utilizes numerical weather prediction(NWP)models and data assimilation systems to integrate historical meteorological observations,thereby reconstructing datasets that represent past atmospheric states.This paper presents the China Meteorological Administration's(CMA)latest global atmospheric reanalysis product,CRA1.5,which employs the Global Spectral Model(GSM)and the Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation(GSI)Data Assimilation system.CRA1.5 features a model spectral resolution of T_L1534(equivalent to approximately 13 km in horizontal grid spacing),a product time interval of 1 h,a model top at 0.27 hPa,and a hybrid-4DEnVar scheme along with an Ensemble Kalman Filter for data assimilation.The temporal coverage of CRA1.5 extends from 1979 to near real-time.During the reanalysis production,we assimilated a substantial volume of reprocessed satellite data and extensive conventional observations.These observations include dense networks of conventional observations within China(comprising approximately 120 sounding stations and 2400 meteorological stations)as well as satellite observations from China's Fengyun,Haiyang,and Yunyao satellite series.Compared to CRA-40,the rootmean-square error(RMSE)of geopotential height at 500 hPa is reduced by 22.46%,the RMSE of temperature at 200 hPa is reduced by 21.7%,and the RMSE of zonal wind at 850 hPa is reduced by 14.41%.CRA1.5 outperforms ERA5 in 100-m wind speed over China(RMSE:3.21–3.36 m s^(-1)vs.3.46–3.59 m s^(-1))and achieves comparable accuracy to ERA5 in atmospheric precipitable water(RMSE:3.10 mm vs.3.13 mm).CRA1.5's 2-m temperature trend aligns closely with HadCRUT5,capturing global warming accurately.With higher spatiotemporal resolution(0.1°×0.1°,hourly)and advanced assimilation,CRA1.5 provides a critical dataset for climate monitoring,NWP,and AI-based meteorological research.CRA1.5 has been implemented for real-time operation at the CMA.Updates are available up to 6 h after the analysis time,with a final update provided at a 3-day lag.展开更多
2′-O-methylation(Nm)is one of the most abundant RNA epigenetic modifications and plays a vital role in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression.Current Nm mapping approaches are normally limited to high...2′-O-methylation(Nm)is one of the most abundant RNA epigenetic modifications and plays a vital role in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression.Current Nm mapping approaches are normally limited to highly abundant RNAs and have significant technical hurdles in m RNAs or relatively rare non-coding RNAs(nc RNAs).Here,we developed a new method for enriching Nm sites by using RNA exoribonuclease and periodate oxidation reactivity to eliminate 2′-hydroxylated(2′-OH)nucleosides,coupled with sequencing(Nm-REP-seq).We revealed several novel classes of Nm-containing nc RNAs as well as m RNAs in humans,mice,and drosophila.We found that some novel Nm sites are present at fixed positions in different t RNAs and are potential substrates of fibrillarin(FBL)methyltransferase mediated by sno RNAs.Importantly,we discovered,for the first time,that Nm located at the 3′-end of various types of nc RNAs and fragments derived from them.Our approach precisely redefines the genome-wide distribution of Nm and provides new technologies for functional studies of Nm-mediated gene regulation.展开更多
A new globally reconstructed sea surface temperature(SST)analysis dataset developed by the China Meteorological Administration(CMA-SST),available on 2°×2°and monthly resolutions since 1900,is described ...A new globally reconstructed sea surface temperature(SST)analysis dataset developed by the China Meteorological Administration(CMA-SST),available on 2°×2°and monthly resolutions since 1900,is described and assessed in this study.The dataset has been constructed from a newly developed integrated dataset with denser and wider sampling of in situ SST observations and follows similar analysis techniques to the Extended Reconstructed SST,version 5(ERSST.v5).Assessments show that the larger observation quantity of the input data source is beneficial to making the reconstructed SSTs more realistic than those reconstructed with ICOADS 3.0+GTS(International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Dataset 3.0 and Global Telecommunication System),especially in China’s offshore sea area.Besides,a specific parameter for bias correction has been upgraded to be self-adaptive to the input data source,and serves as a mediator to improve the accuracy of the reconstructed SSTs.Generally,the reconstructed CMA-SST dataset is comparable to currently congeneric products.Its biases are similar to those of ERSST.v5,the Centennial Observation-Based Estimates of SST version 2(COBE-SST2),the Hadley Centre Sea Ice and SST dataset version 2(Had ISST2),and the Hadley Centre SST dataset version 3(Had SST3);and more specifically,they are closest to ERSST.v5 and lower than Had ISST2 and Had SST3 at high latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere where in situ observations are limited.Moreover,its temporal characteristics,such as the year-to-year variations of globally averaged SST anomalies and time series of the Nino-3.4,Atlantic multidecadal oscillation,and Pacific decadal oscillation indices are also a good match to those of congeneric products.Although the warming rates of CMA-SST are a little higher in many regions over the periods 1900-2019 and 1950-2019,they are found to be acceptable and within the quantified uncertainties of ERSST.v5.However,there are noticeable differences in the strength and stability of spatial standard deviations among the various datasets,as well as low correlations between CMA-SST and the other products around 60°S where in situ sampling is very limited.These aspects necessitate further investigation and improvement of CMA-SST.展开更多
Social media technologies have made it increasingly feasible for employees to be connected to work. WeChat, a newly emerging social media platform, is widely used in daily life, yet there is still little understanding...Social media technologies have made it increasingly feasible for employees to be connected to work. WeChat, a newly emerging social media platform, is widely used in daily life, yet there is still little understanding of the consequences of the use of WeChat groups in enterprise. Based on boundary theory, we suggested that the use of WeChat groups in enterprise have both pros and cons for employees. We gathered data from an online survey of 202 employees. Results show that posting work-related content in enterprise WeChat groups had a beneficial impact on work for employees but also caused work-life conflict （WLC）. However, posting life-related content in enterprise WeChat groups contributes to employees＇ life-work enhancement （LWE）. Contributions and future study directions of these findings are discussed.展开更多
To understand the mechanism of wetland cover change with both moderate spatial resolution and high temporal frequency,this research evaluates the applicability of a spatiotemporal reflectance blending model in the Poy...To understand the mechanism of wetland cover change with both moderate spatial resolution and high temporal frequency,this research evaluates the applicability of a spatiotemporal reflectance blending model in the Poyang Lake area,China,using 9 time-series Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper images and 18 time-series Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer images acquired between July 2004 and November 2005.The customized blending model was developed based on the enhanced spatial and temporal adaptive reflectance fusion model(ESTARFM).Reflectance of the moderate-resolution image pixels on the target dates can be predicted more accurately by the proposed customized model than the original ESTARFM.Water level on the input image acquisition dates strongly affected the accuracy of the blended reflectance.It was found that either of the image sets used as prior or posterior inputs are required when the difference of water level between the prior or posterior date and target date at Poyang Hydrological Station is<2.68 m to achieve blending accuracy with a mean average absolute difference of 4%between the observed and blended reflectance in all spectral bands.展开更多
To the Editor:ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (ARF1) plays a critical role in regulating vesicle formation and transport1. The dysregulation of ARF1 expression and/or activity is involved in many human cancers, such as brea...To the Editor:ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (ARF1) plays a critical role in regulating vesicle formation and transport1. The dysregulation of ARF1 expression and/or activity is involved in many human cancers, such as breast cancer2,3. Therefore, ARF1 is one of the promising therapeutic targets for cancer treatment.展开更多
The development of STING inhibitors for the treatment of STING-related inflammatory diseases continues to encounter significant challenges.The activation of STING is a multi-step process that includes binding with c G...The development of STING inhibitors for the treatment of STING-related inflammatory diseases continues to encounter significant challenges.The activation of STING is a multi-step process that includes binding with c GAMP,self-oligomerization,and translocation from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus,ultimately inducing the expression of IRF3 and NF-κB-mediated interferons and inflammatory cytokines.It has been demonstrated that disruption of any of these steps can effectively inhibit STING activation.Traditional structure-based drug screening methodologies generally focus on specific binding sites.In this study,a Transformer CPI model based on protein primary sequences and independent of binding sites is employed to identify compounds capable of binding to the STING protein.The natural product Licochalcone D(Lico D)is identified as a potent and selective STING inhibitor.Lico D does not bind to the classical ligandbinding pocket;instead,it covalently modifies the Cys148 residue of STING.This modification inhibits STING oligomerization,consequently suppressing the recruitment of TBK1 and the nuclear translocation of IRF3 and NF-κB.Lico D treatment ameliorates the inflammatory phenotype in Trex1-/-mice and inhibits the progression of DSS-induced colitis and AOM/DSS-induced colitis-associated colon cancer(CAC).In summary,this study reveals the potential of Lico D in treating STING-driven inflammatory diseases.It also demonstrates the utility of the Transformer CPI model in discovering allosteric compounds beyond the conventional binding pockets.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)Major Project(42090033)CMA Meteorological Capacity Enhancement Joint Research Special Program(24NLTSQ021)+2 种基金China Meteorological Administration Key Innovation Team Fund(CMA2023ZD01)China Meteorological Service Association Meteorological Technology Innovation Platform Project(CMSA2024MB005)NSFC Joint Fund(U2342217)。
文摘Atmospheric reanalysis is a process that utilizes numerical weather prediction(NWP)models and data assimilation systems to integrate historical meteorological observations,thereby reconstructing datasets that represent past atmospheric states.This paper presents the China Meteorological Administration's(CMA)latest global atmospheric reanalysis product,CRA1.5,which employs the Global Spectral Model(GSM)and the Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation(GSI)Data Assimilation system.CRA1.5 features a model spectral resolution of T_L1534(equivalent to approximately 13 km in horizontal grid spacing),a product time interval of 1 h,a model top at 0.27 hPa,and a hybrid-4DEnVar scheme along with an Ensemble Kalman Filter for data assimilation.The temporal coverage of CRA1.5 extends from 1979 to near real-time.During the reanalysis production,we assimilated a substantial volume of reprocessed satellite data and extensive conventional observations.These observations include dense networks of conventional observations within China(comprising approximately 120 sounding stations and 2400 meteorological stations)as well as satellite observations from China's Fengyun,Haiyang,and Yunyao satellite series.Compared to CRA-40,the rootmean-square error(RMSE)of geopotential height at 500 hPa is reduced by 22.46%,the RMSE of temperature at 200 hPa is reduced by 21.7%,and the RMSE of zonal wind at 850 hPa is reduced by 14.41%.CRA1.5 outperforms ERA5 in 100-m wind speed over China(RMSE:3.21–3.36 m s^(-1)vs.3.46–3.59 m s^(-1))and achieves comparable accuracy to ERA5 in atmospheric precipitable water(RMSE:3.10 mm vs.3.13 mm).CRA1.5's 2-m temperature trend aligns closely with HadCRUT5,capturing global warming accurately.With higher spatiotemporal resolution(0.1°×0.1°,hourly)and advanced assimilation,CRA1.5 provides a critical dataset for climate monitoring,NWP,and AI-based meteorological research.CRA1.5 has been implemented for real-time operation at the CMA.Updates are available up to 6 h after the analysis time,with a final update provided at a 3-day lag.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFA0802202)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91940304,31971228,31900903,31970604,32100467,32225011)the Youth Science and Technology Innovation Talent of Guangdong Te Zhi Plan(2019TQ05Y181)。
文摘2′-O-methylation(Nm)is one of the most abundant RNA epigenetic modifications and plays a vital role in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression.Current Nm mapping approaches are normally limited to highly abundant RNAs and have significant technical hurdles in m RNAs or relatively rare non-coding RNAs(nc RNAs).Here,we developed a new method for enriching Nm sites by using RNA exoribonuclease and periodate oxidation reactivity to eliminate 2′-hydroxylated(2′-OH)nucleosides,coupled with sequencing(Nm-REP-seq).We revealed several novel classes of Nm-containing nc RNAs as well as m RNAs in humans,mice,and drosophila.We found that some novel Nm sites are present at fixed positions in different t RNAs and are potential substrates of fibrillarin(FBL)methyltransferase mediated by sno RNAs.Importantly,we discovered,for the first time,that Nm located at the 3′-end of various types of nc RNAs and fragments derived from them.Our approach precisely redefines the genome-wide distribution of Nm and provides new technologies for functional studies of Nm-mediated gene regulation.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFC1501801)National Innovation Project for Meteorological Science and Technology(CMAGGTD003-5)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(41805128)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFA0600301)。
文摘A new globally reconstructed sea surface temperature(SST)analysis dataset developed by the China Meteorological Administration(CMA-SST),available on 2°×2°and monthly resolutions since 1900,is described and assessed in this study.The dataset has been constructed from a newly developed integrated dataset with denser and wider sampling of in situ SST observations and follows similar analysis techniques to the Extended Reconstructed SST,version 5(ERSST.v5).Assessments show that the larger observation quantity of the input data source is beneficial to making the reconstructed SSTs more realistic than those reconstructed with ICOADS 3.0+GTS(International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Dataset 3.0 and Global Telecommunication System),especially in China’s offshore sea area.Besides,a specific parameter for bias correction has been upgraded to be self-adaptive to the input data source,and serves as a mediator to improve the accuracy of the reconstructed SSTs.Generally,the reconstructed CMA-SST dataset is comparable to currently congeneric products.Its biases are similar to those of ERSST.v5,the Centennial Observation-Based Estimates of SST version 2(COBE-SST2),the Hadley Centre Sea Ice and SST dataset version 2(Had ISST2),and the Hadley Centre SST dataset version 3(Had SST3);and more specifically,they are closest to ERSST.v5 and lower than Had ISST2 and Had SST3 at high latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere where in situ observations are limited.Moreover,its temporal characteristics,such as the year-to-year variations of globally averaged SST anomalies and time series of the Nino-3.4,Atlantic multidecadal oscillation,and Pacific decadal oscillation indices are also a good match to those of congeneric products.Although the warming rates of CMA-SST are a little higher in many regions over the periods 1900-2019 and 1950-2019,they are found to be acceptable and within the quantified uncertainties of ERSST.v5.However,there are noticeable differences in the strength and stability of spatial standard deviations among the various datasets,as well as low correlations between CMA-SST and the other products around 60°S where in situ sampling is very limited.These aspects necessitate further investigation and improvement of CMA-SST.
文摘Social media technologies have made it increasingly feasible for employees to be connected to work. WeChat, a newly emerging social media platform, is widely used in daily life, yet there is still little understanding of the consequences of the use of WeChat groups in enterprise. Based on boundary theory, we suggested that the use of WeChat groups in enterprise have both pros and cons for employees. We gathered data from an online survey of 202 employees. Results show that posting work-related content in enterprise WeChat groups had a beneficial impact on work for employees but also caused work-life conflict （WLC）. However, posting life-related content in enterprise WeChat groups contributes to employees＇ life-work enhancement （LWE）. Contributions and future study directions of these findings are discussed.
基金This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology,China,National Research Program[2010CB530300,2012AA12A407,2012CB955501,2013AA122003]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[41271099].
文摘To understand the mechanism of wetland cover change with both moderate spatial resolution and high temporal frequency,this research evaluates the applicability of a spatiotemporal reflectance blending model in the Poyang Lake area,China,using 9 time-series Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper images and 18 time-series Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer images acquired between July 2004 and November 2005.The customized blending model was developed based on the enhanced spatial and temporal adaptive reflectance fusion model(ESTARFM).Reflectance of the moderate-resolution image pixels on the target dates can be predicted more accurately by the proposed customized model than the original ESTARFM.Water level on the input image acquisition dates strongly affected the accuracy of the blended reflectance.It was found that either of the image sets used as prior or posterior inputs are required when the difference of water level between the prior or posterior date and target date at Poyang Hydrological Station is<2.68 m to achieve blending accuracy with a mean average absolute difference of 4%between the observed and blended reflectance in all spectral bands.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81903639 to Sulin Zhang,China)Lingang Laboratory (LG202102-01-02 to Mingyue Zheng,China,LG-QS-202204-01 to Sulin Zhang,China)+1 种基金Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project (Hualiang Jiang,China)Shanghai Sailing Program (19YF1457800 to Sulin Zhang,China)。
文摘To the Editor:ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (ARF1) plays a critical role in regulating vesicle formation and transport1. The dysregulation of ARF1 expression and/or activity is involved in many human cancers, such as breast cancer2,3. Therefore, ARF1 is one of the promising therapeutic targets for cancer treatment.
基金financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China (T2225002,82273855,82304379,81903639)National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFC3400504)+5 种基金the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS (2023296)the SIMM-SHUTCM Traditional Chinese Medicine Innovation Joint Research Program (E2G805H)the open fund of state key laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology,Nanjing University,China (KF-202301)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (22ZR1474300)Lingang Laboratory (LG202102-01-02,LG-QS-202204-01)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST (2023QNRC001)。
文摘The development of STING inhibitors for the treatment of STING-related inflammatory diseases continues to encounter significant challenges.The activation of STING is a multi-step process that includes binding with c GAMP,self-oligomerization,and translocation from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus,ultimately inducing the expression of IRF3 and NF-κB-mediated interferons and inflammatory cytokines.It has been demonstrated that disruption of any of these steps can effectively inhibit STING activation.Traditional structure-based drug screening methodologies generally focus on specific binding sites.In this study,a Transformer CPI model based on protein primary sequences and independent of binding sites is employed to identify compounds capable of binding to the STING protein.The natural product Licochalcone D(Lico D)is identified as a potent and selective STING inhibitor.Lico D does not bind to the classical ligandbinding pocket;instead,it covalently modifies the Cys148 residue of STING.This modification inhibits STING oligomerization,consequently suppressing the recruitment of TBK1 and the nuclear translocation of IRF3 and NF-κB.Lico D treatment ameliorates the inflammatory phenotype in Trex1-/-mice and inhibits the progression of DSS-induced colitis and AOM/DSS-induced colitis-associated colon cancer(CAC).In summary,this study reveals the potential of Lico D in treating STING-driven inflammatory diseases.It also demonstrates the utility of the Transformer CPI model in discovering allosteric compounds beyond the conventional binding pockets.
