Carbon-based perovskite solar cells(C-PSCs)exhibit notable stability and durability.However,the power conversion efficiency(PCE)is significantly hindered by energy level mismatches,which result in interfacial charge t...Carbon-based perovskite solar cells(C-PSCs)exhibit notable stability and durability.However,the power conversion efficiency(PCE)is significantly hindered by energy level mismatches,which result in interfacial charge transport barriers at the electrode-related interfaces.Herein,we report a back electrode that utilizes atomically dispersed metallic cobalt(Co)in carbon nanosheets(Co_1/CN)to adjust the interfacial energy levels.The electrons in the d-orbitals of Co atoms disrupt the electronic symmetry of the carbon nanosheets(CN),inducing a redistribution of the electronic density of states that leads to a downward shift in the Fermi level and a significantly reduced interfacial energy barrier.As a result,the C-PSCs using Co1/CN as back electrodes achieve a notable PCE of 22.61%with exceptional long-term stability,maintaining 94.4%of their initial efficiency after 1000 h of continuous illumination without encapsulation.This work provides a promising universal method to regulate the energy level of carbon electrodes for C-PSCs and paves the way for more efficient,stable,and scalable solar technologies toward commercialization.展开更多
The rapid expansion of the Internet of Things(IoT)has intensified the need for self-sustaining sensor nodes that circumvent reliance on battery replacements and complex power management.Current off-grid energy solutio...The rapid expansion of the Internet of Things(IoT)has intensified the need for self-sustaining sensor nodes that circumvent reliance on battery replacements and complex power management.Current off-grid energy solutions often depend on intricate fabrication processes and specialized materials,limiting their scalability and adaptability.Here,we present a self-powered sensing system that leverages the high flexibility and stability of carbon electrodes,combined with the superior photovoltaic performance of perovskite materials,to achieve efficient energy harvesting and storage.Supercapacitors provide durable power buffering,ensuring continuous operation in dynamic environments.Additionally,the device incorporates dual-mode sensing for temperature and mechanical strain,demonstrating reliable and responsive detection capabilities under indoor illumination conditions.By eliminating the need for complex manufacturing processes and corrosion-prone metal components,our design provides a scalable solution for next-generation autonomous sensing networks.This work offers a simplified yet robust approach to developing self-powered IoT nodes,with potential applications in smart infrastructure and environmental monitoring.展开更多
We revisit finite element method of modeling multi-scale photonic/electromagnetic devices via the proposed beam basis function,in combination with domain decompositions.Our approach ensures mathematical and physical c...We revisit finite element method of modeling multi-scale photonic/electromagnetic devices via the proposed beam basis function,in combination with domain decompositions.Our approach ensures mathematical and physical consistency,can also handle multi-scale computational tasks efficiently with the assistance of the damping block-Jacobi iterative solver.By implementing the first-order Robin transmission condition at the interfaces between neighboring subdomains and introducing the dual“current”vari-ables,we can significantly reduce the computational burden and communication data volume during the iterative solving process.The theoretical foundation and detailed implementation procedures are presented,accompanied with two representative examples.The first example is a refractive-diffractive hybrid optical system with feature size contrast up to 104,while the second example is the free surface optical system wherein the geometric ray tracing algorithm is inadequate.The obtained results for the two examples show excellent agreement with the standard finite element method(standard FEM)with significantly reducing the number of meshes required for computation and memory usages to nearly one-fifth.Since the computational time is inversely proportional to the num-ber of decomposed subdomains(N)under the parallel computing configuration,the computational time in our work is approximately 1/3Nreduced to of that using standard FEM for the two examples.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22109019,52272193)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(DUT22LAB602,DUT23RC(3)002)。
文摘Carbon-based perovskite solar cells(C-PSCs)exhibit notable stability and durability.However,the power conversion efficiency(PCE)is significantly hindered by energy level mismatches,which result in interfacial charge transport barriers at the electrode-related interfaces.Herein,we report a back electrode that utilizes atomically dispersed metallic cobalt(Co)in carbon nanosheets(Co_1/CN)to adjust the interfacial energy levels.The electrons in the d-orbitals of Co atoms disrupt the electronic symmetry of the carbon nanosheets(CN),inducing a redistribution of the electronic density of states that leads to a downward shift in the Fermi level and a significantly reduced interfacial energy barrier.As a result,the C-PSCs using Co1/CN as back electrodes achieve a notable PCE of 22.61%with exceptional long-term stability,maintaining 94.4%of their initial efficiency after 1000 h of continuous illumination without encapsulation.This work provides a promising universal method to regulate the energy level of carbon electrodes for C-PSCs and paves the way for more efficient,stable,and scalable solar technologies toward commercialization.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52272193 and 22304020)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.DUT22LAB602).
文摘The rapid expansion of the Internet of Things(IoT)has intensified the need for self-sustaining sensor nodes that circumvent reliance on battery replacements and complex power management.Current off-grid energy solutions often depend on intricate fabrication processes and specialized materials,limiting their scalability and adaptability.Here,we present a self-powered sensing system that leverages the high flexibility and stability of carbon electrodes,combined with the superior photovoltaic performance of perovskite materials,to achieve efficient energy harvesting and storage.Supercapacitors provide durable power buffering,ensuring continuous operation in dynamic environments.Additionally,the device incorporates dual-mode sensing for temperature and mechanical strain,demonstrating reliable and responsive detection capabilities under indoor illumination conditions.By eliminating the need for complex manufacturing processes and corrosion-prone metal components,our design provides a scalable solution for next-generation autonomous sensing networks.This work offers a simplified yet robust approach to developing self-powered IoT nodes,with potential applications in smart infrastructure and environmental monitoring.
文摘We revisit finite element method of modeling multi-scale photonic/electromagnetic devices via the proposed beam basis function,in combination with domain decompositions.Our approach ensures mathematical and physical consistency,can also handle multi-scale computational tasks efficiently with the assistance of the damping block-Jacobi iterative solver.By implementing the first-order Robin transmission condition at the interfaces between neighboring subdomains and introducing the dual“current”vari-ables,we can significantly reduce the computational burden and communication data volume during the iterative solving process.The theoretical foundation and detailed implementation procedures are presented,accompanied with two representative examples.The first example is a refractive-diffractive hybrid optical system with feature size contrast up to 104,while the second example is the free surface optical system wherein the geometric ray tracing algorithm is inadequate.The obtained results for the two examples show excellent agreement with the standard finite element method(standard FEM)with significantly reducing the number of meshes required for computation and memory usages to nearly one-fifth.Since the computational time is inversely proportional to the num-ber of decomposed subdomains(N)under the parallel computing configuration,the computational time in our work is approximately 1/3Nreduced to of that using standard FEM for the two examples.
