Gray blight disease(GBD)causes significant losses in tea production in China.Although genes and biological processes involved in resistance to fungal disease in tea plants have been identified,specific mechanisms of t...Gray blight disease(GBD)causes significant losses in tea production in China.Although genes and biological processes involved in resistance to fungal disease in tea plants have been identified,specific mechanisms of the GBD infection process remain unknown.In this study,morphological and multi-gene(TEF-TUB-ITS)phylogenetic characteristics were used to identify isolate CLBB1 of Pseudopestalotiopsis vietnamensis.Pathogenicity tests confirmed that isolate CLBB1 from tea leaves caused GBD in the susceptible tea cultivar Wuyi Rock(Camellia sinensis var.sinensis cv.Shuixian).Spores began to germinate 24 h after infection(hai),and after 48 h,elongated fungal hyphae formed from a single conidium.Transcriptome analysis revealed that 482,517,and 369 genes were differentially expressed at 24,48,and 72 hai,respectively,in Wuyi Rock tea leaves.Isolate CLBB1 infection elicited phenotype-related responses and activated defense-related pathways,including plant–pathogen interaction,MAPK signaling,and plant hormone signal transduction,suggesting a possible mechanism underlying phenotype-based susceptibility to CLBB1.Thus,a new Ps.vietnamensis strain causing GBD in the tea cultivar‘Shuixian’was discovered in this study.Transcriptome analysis indicated that pathogen invasion activated chitin-related MAPK pathways and that tea plants required a hormone to restrict CLBB1.展开更多
The dense broadband seismic network provides more high-quality waveform that is helpful to improve constraint focal depth of shallow earthquake. Many shal- low earthquakes occurring in sediment were regarded as induce...The dense broadband seismic network provides more high-quality waveform that is helpful to improve constraint focal depth of shallow earthquake. Many shal- low earthquakes occurring in sediment were regarded as induced events. In Sichuan basin, gas industry and salt mining are dependent on fluid injection technique that triggers microseismicity. We method with regional records adopted waveform inversion to obtain focal mechanism of an Ms4.8 earthquake at Changning. The result suggested that the Changning earthquake occurred at a ESE thrust fault, and its focal depth was about 3 km. The depth phases including teleseismic pP phase and regional sPL phase shows that the focal depth is about 2 km. The strong, short- period surface wave suggests that this event is a very shallow earthquake. The amplitude ratio between Rayleigh wave and direct S wave was also used to estimate the source depth of the mainshock. The focal depth （2-4 km） is far less than the depth of the sedimentary layer thickness （6-8 km） in epicentral region. It is close to the depth of fluid injection of salt mining, which may imply that this event was triggered by the industrial activity.展开更多
At present, salient object detection (SOD) has achieved considerable progress. However, the methods that perform well still face the issue of inadequate detection accuracy. For example, sometimes there are problems of...At present, salient object detection (SOD) has achieved considerable progress. However, the methods that perform well still face the issue of inadequate detection accuracy. For example, sometimes there are problems of missed and false detections. Effectively optimizing features to capture key information and better integrating different levels of features to enhance their complementarity are two significant challenges in the domain of SOD. In response to these challenges, this study proposes a novel SOD method based on multi-strategy feature optimization. We propose the multi-size feature extraction module (MSFEM), which uses the attention mechanism, the multi-level feature fusion, and the residual block to obtain finer features. This module provides robust support for the subsequent accurate detection of the salient object. In addition, we use two rounds of feature fusion and the feedback mechanism to optimize the features obtained by the MSFEM to improve detection accuracy. The first round of feature fusion is applied to integrate the features extracted by the MSFEM to obtain more refined features. Subsequently, the feedback mechanism and the second round of feature fusion are applied to refine the features, thereby providing a stronger foundation for accurately detecting salient objects. To improve the fusion effect, we propose the feature enhancement module (FEM) and the feature optimization module (FOM). The FEM integrates the upper and lower features with the optimized features obtained by the FOM to enhance feature complementarity. The FOM uses different receptive fields, the attention mechanism, and the residual block to more effectively capture key information. Experimental results demonstrate that our method outperforms 10 state-of-the-art SOD methods.展开更多
The 6 August 2023 M_(W)5.5 Pingyuan earthquake is the largest earthquake in the central North China Plain(NCP)over the past two decades.Due to the thick sedimentary cover,no corresponding active faults have been repor...The 6 August 2023 M_(W)5.5 Pingyuan earthquake is the largest earthquake in the central North China Plain(NCP)over the past two decades.Due to the thick sedimentary cover,no corresponding active faults have been reported yet in the epicenter area.Thus,this earthquake presents a unique opportunity to delve into the buried active faults beneath the NCP.By integrating strong ground motion records,high-precision aftershock sequence relocation,and focal mechanism solutions,we gain insights into the seismotectonics of the Pingyuan earthquake.The aftershocks are clustered at depths ranging from 15 to 20 km and delineate a NE-SW trend,consistent with the distribution of ground motion records.A NE-SW nodal plane(226°)of the focal mechanism solutions is also derived from regional waveform inversion,suggesting that the mainshock was dominated by strike-slip motion with minor normal faulting component.Integrating regional geological data,we propose that an unrecognized fault between the NE-SW trending Gaotang and Lingxian-Yangxin faults is the seismogenic fault of this event.Based on the S-wave velocity structure beneath the NCP,this fault probably extends into the lower crust with a high angle.Considering the tectonic regime and stress state,we speculate that the interplay of shear strain between the Amurian and South China blocks and the hot upwelling magma from the subducted paleo Pacific flat slab significantly contributed to the generation of the Pingyuan earthquake.展开更多
Ambient noise tomography,when applied to a dense linear seismic array,has the capability to provide detailed insights into the fine velocity structures across diverse tectonic settings.The linear station arrangement n...Ambient noise tomography,when applied to a dense linear seismic array,has the capability to provide detailed insights into the fine velocity structures across diverse tectonic settings.The linear station arrangement naturally generates parallel and concentrated ray paths along the array trend.This unique geometry requires specific optimization of the inversion methodology and model parameterization.The Bayesian-based transdimensional inversion method,characterized by its fully non-linear nature and high degree of freedom in parameter settings,offers a powerful tool for ambient noise inversion.To effectively adapt this method to a linear array layout,we propose a modification to the Voronoi cell tessellation built in the transdimensional method.By introducing spatial priority to the Voronoi kernels,we strategically increased the density of Voronoi cells along the direction of the array.We then applied the modified approach to a linear seismic array in the North China Craton and validated its robustness through phase velocity images and resolution tests.Our improved non-uniform sampling technique in the 2-D model space accelerates convergence while simultaneously enhancing model accuracy.Compared with the conventional damped leastsquares method,the proposed algorithm revealed a shear-wave velocity map with notable low-velocity anomalies situated in the middle and lower crust beneath the borders of the Ordos block and its surrounding orogenic belt.Aligned with the crustal structures revealed by receiver function and electrical imaging,our findings indicated that the western and eastern margins of the Ordos block had experienced intensive crustal wedge deformation and re-melting,respectively.展开更多
Growing evidence indicates that actin cytoskeleton is involved in plant innate immune responses, but the functional mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated the behavior of a cotton profilin gene （GhP...Growing evidence indicates that actin cytoskeleton is involved in plant innate immune responses, but the functional mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated the behavior of a cotton profilin gene （GhPFN2） in response to Verticillium dahliae invasion, and evaluated its contribution to plant defense against this soil-borne fungal pathogen. GhPFN2 expression was up-regulated when cotton root was inoculated with V. dahliae, and the actin architecture was reorganized in the infected root cells, with a clear increase in the density of filamentous actin and the extent of actin btmdling. Compared to the wild type, GhPFN2-overexpressing cotton plants showed enhanced protection against V. dahliae infection and the actin cytoskeleton organization in root epidermal cells was clearly altered, which phenocopied that of the wild-type （WT） root cells challenged with V. dahliae. These results provide a solid line of evidence important for defense against V. dahliae infection. showing that actin cytoskeleton reorganization involving GhPFN2 is展开更多
In September 2017 three noticeable seismic events occurred in the northern Korean Peninsula （Fig. 1; Table 1）. Democratic People＇s Republic of Korea （DPRK） authorities announced that the first M6.3 event on Septe...In September 2017 three noticeable seismic events occurred in the northern Korean Peninsula （Fig. 1; Table 1）. Democratic People＇s Republic of Korea （DPRK） authorities announced that the first M6.3 event on September 3rd was a ＂successfully conducted hydrogen-bomb test＂. The M4.6 event, some 8 min followed, was regarded as an implosion.展开更多
Our previous study demonstrated that WLIMla has dual roles in fiber elongation and secondary cell wall synthesis in upland cotton, and the protein acts either as an actin-binding protein or as a transcription factor. ...Our previous study demonstrated that WLIMla has dual roles in fiber elongation and secondary cell wall synthesis in upland cotton, and the protein acts either as an actin-binding protein or as a transcription factor. Because WLIMla consists of two different LIM domains, it is possible that these elements contribute differentially to the dual functions of the protein. In this study, we dissected the two LIM domains and characterized their biochemical functions. By using red fluorescent protein （RFP） fusion, co-sedimentation, and DNA binding methods, we found that the two domains of WLIM 1 a, domain 1 （D 1） and domain2 （D2）, possessed different biochemical properties. While D1 contributed primarily to the actin filament-bundling activity of WLIMla, D2 contributed to the DNA-binding activity of the protein; both D1 and D2 relied on a linker sequence for their ac- tivities. In addition, we found that WLIMla and its two LIM domains form dimers in vitro. These results may lead to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of dual functions of WLIMla during cotton fiber development.展开更多
基金supported by the Central Special Project for Fujian Local Science and Technology Development(2020L3025)the Fujian Natural Science Foundation(2020J01410)+4 种基金a Fujian Education and Scientific Research Project(JAT190789)the Talent-Recruiting Program of Wuyi University(YJ201503)the Open Fund of Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Industrial Green Technology(WYKF2019-2)a Chongqing Natural Science Foundation Project(cstc2021jcyj-msxmX0322)the Scientific and Technological Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission(KJQN202101246).
文摘Gray blight disease(GBD)causes significant losses in tea production in China.Although genes and biological processes involved in resistance to fungal disease in tea plants have been identified,specific mechanisms of the GBD infection process remain unknown.In this study,morphological and multi-gene(TEF-TUB-ITS)phylogenetic characteristics were used to identify isolate CLBB1 of Pseudopestalotiopsis vietnamensis.Pathogenicity tests confirmed that isolate CLBB1 from tea leaves caused GBD in the susceptible tea cultivar Wuyi Rock(Camellia sinensis var.sinensis cv.Shuixian).Spores began to germinate 24 h after infection(hai),and after 48 h,elongated fungal hyphae formed from a single conidium.Transcriptome analysis revealed that 482,517,and 369 genes were differentially expressed at 24,48,and 72 hai,respectively,in Wuyi Rock tea leaves.Isolate CLBB1 infection elicited phenotype-related responses and activated defense-related pathways,including plant–pathogen interaction,MAPK signaling,and plant hormone signal transduction,suggesting a possible mechanism underlying phenotype-based susceptibility to CLBB1.Thus,a new Ps.vietnamensis strain causing GBD in the tea cultivar‘Shuixian’was discovered in this study.Transcriptome analysis indicated that pathogen invasion activated chitin-related MAPK pathways and that tea plants required a hormone to restrict CLBB1.
基金supported by China National Special Fund for Earthquake Scientific Research in Public Interest (201308013)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2012M520431)the National Natural Science Foundation of China Grant No. 41204044
文摘The dense broadband seismic network provides more high-quality waveform that is helpful to improve constraint focal depth of shallow earthquake. Many shal- low earthquakes occurring in sediment were regarded as induced events. In Sichuan basin, gas industry and salt mining are dependent on fluid injection technique that triggers microseismicity. We method with regional records adopted waveform inversion to obtain focal mechanism of an Ms4.8 earthquake at Changning. The result suggested that the Changning earthquake occurred at a ESE thrust fault, and its focal depth was about 3 km. The depth phases including teleseismic pP phase and regional sPL phase shows that the focal depth is about 2 km. The strong, short- period surface wave suggests that this event is a very shallow earthquake. The amplitude ratio between Rayleigh wave and direct S wave was also used to estimate the source depth of the mainshock. The focal depth （2-4 km） is far less than the depth of the sedimentary layer thickness （6-8 km） in epicentral region. It is close to the depth of fluid injection of salt mining, which may imply that this event was triggered by the industrial activity.
文摘At present, salient object detection (SOD) has achieved considerable progress. However, the methods that perform well still face the issue of inadequate detection accuracy. For example, sometimes there are problems of missed and false detections. Effectively optimizing features to capture key information and better integrating different levels of features to enhance their complementarity are two significant challenges in the domain of SOD. In response to these challenges, this study proposes a novel SOD method based on multi-strategy feature optimization. We propose the multi-size feature extraction module (MSFEM), which uses the attention mechanism, the multi-level feature fusion, and the residual block to obtain finer features. This module provides robust support for the subsequent accurate detection of the salient object. In addition, we use two rounds of feature fusion and the feedback mechanism to optimize the features obtained by the MSFEM to improve detection accuracy. The first round of feature fusion is applied to integrate the features extracted by the MSFEM to obtain more refined features. Subsequently, the feedback mechanism and the second round of feature fusion are applied to refine the features, thereby providing a stronger foundation for accurately detecting salient objects. To improve the fusion effect, we propose the feature enhancement module (FEM) and the feature optimization module (FOM). The FEM integrates the upper and lower features with the optimized features obtained by the FOM to enhance feature complementarity. The FOM uses different receptive fields, the attention mechanism, and the residual block to more effectively capture key information. Experimental results demonstrate that our method outperforms 10 state-of-the-art SOD methods.
基金supported from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42374081)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Institute of Geophysics,China Earthquake Administration(Nos.DQJB23B22,DQJB22K36 and DQJB23Z04)Hong Research Grants Council(Nos.14306122 and 14308523)。
文摘The 6 August 2023 M_(W)5.5 Pingyuan earthquake is the largest earthquake in the central North China Plain(NCP)over the past two decades.Due to the thick sedimentary cover,no corresponding active faults have been reported yet in the epicenter area.Thus,this earthquake presents a unique opportunity to delve into the buried active faults beneath the NCP.By integrating strong ground motion records,high-precision aftershock sequence relocation,and focal mechanism solutions,we gain insights into the seismotectonics of the Pingyuan earthquake.The aftershocks are clustered at depths ranging from 15 to 20 km and delineate a NE-SW trend,consistent with the distribution of ground motion records.A NE-SW nodal plane(226°)of the focal mechanism solutions is also derived from regional waveform inversion,suggesting that the mainshock was dominated by strike-slip motion with minor normal faulting component.Integrating regional geological data,we propose that an unrecognized fault between the NE-SW trending Gaotang and Lingxian-Yangxin faults is the seismogenic fault of this event.Based on the S-wave velocity structure beneath the NCP,this fault probably extends into the lower crust with a high angle.Considering the tectonic regime and stress state,we speculate that the interplay of shear strain between the Amurian and South China blocks and the hot upwelling magma from the subducted paleo Pacific flat slab significantly contributed to the generation of the Pingyuan earthquake.
基金funded by the Special Fund of the Institute of Geophysics,China Earthquake Administration (Nos.DQJB21K52,and DQJB22R33)。
文摘Ambient noise tomography,when applied to a dense linear seismic array,has the capability to provide detailed insights into the fine velocity structures across diverse tectonic settings.The linear station arrangement naturally generates parallel and concentrated ray paths along the array trend.This unique geometry requires specific optimization of the inversion methodology and model parameterization.The Bayesian-based transdimensional inversion method,characterized by its fully non-linear nature and high degree of freedom in parameter settings,offers a powerful tool for ambient noise inversion.To effectively adapt this method to a linear array layout,we propose a modification to the Voronoi cell tessellation built in the transdimensional method.By introducing spatial priority to the Voronoi kernels,we strategically increased the density of Voronoi cells along the direction of the array.We then applied the modified approach to a linear seismic array in the North China Craton and validated its robustness through phase velocity images and resolution tests.Our improved non-uniform sampling technique in the 2-D model space accelerates convergence while simultaneously enhancing model accuracy.Compared with the conventional damped leastsquares method,the proposed algorithm revealed a shear-wave velocity map with notable low-velocity anomalies situated in the middle and lower crust beneath the borders of the Ordos block and its surrounding orogenic belt.Aligned with the crustal structures revealed by receiver function and electrical imaging,our findings indicated that the western and eastern margins of the Ordos block had experienced intensive crustal wedge deformation and re-melting,respectively.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB11040600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31671278)the State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics of China(2015B0129-02)
文摘Growing evidence indicates that actin cytoskeleton is involved in plant innate immune responses, but the functional mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated the behavior of a cotton profilin gene （GhPFN2） in response to Verticillium dahliae invasion, and evaluated its contribution to plant defense against this soil-borne fungal pathogen. GhPFN2 expression was up-regulated when cotton root was inoculated with V. dahliae, and the actin architecture was reorganized in the infected root cells, with a clear increase in the density of filamentous actin and the extent of actin btmdling. Compared to the wild type, GhPFN2-overexpressing cotton plants showed enhanced protection against V. dahliae infection and the actin cytoskeleton organization in root epidermal cells was clearly altered, which phenocopied that of the wild-type （WT） root cells challenged with V. dahliae. These results provide a solid line of evidence important for defense against V. dahliae infection. showing that actin cytoskeleton reorganization involving GhPFN2 is
文摘In September 2017 three noticeable seismic events occurred in the northern Korean Peninsula （Fig. 1; Table 1）. Democratic People＇s Republic of Korea （DPRK） authorities announced that the first M6.3 event on September 3rd was a ＂successfully conducted hydrogen-bomb test＂. The M4.6 event, some 8 min followed, was regarded as an implosion.
基金the National Basic Research Priorities Program (U1303281)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation
文摘Our previous study demonstrated that WLIMla has dual roles in fiber elongation and secondary cell wall synthesis in upland cotton, and the protein acts either as an actin-binding protein or as a transcription factor. Because WLIMla consists of two different LIM domains, it is possible that these elements contribute differentially to the dual functions of the protein. In this study, we dissected the two LIM domains and characterized their biochemical functions. By using red fluorescent protein （RFP） fusion, co-sedimentation, and DNA binding methods, we found that the two domains of WLIM 1 a, domain 1 （D 1） and domain2 （D2）, possessed different biochemical properties. While D1 contributed primarily to the actin filament-bundling activity of WLIMla, D2 contributed to the DNA-binding activity of the protein; both D1 and D2 relied on a linker sequence for their ac- tivities. In addition, we found that WLIMla and its two LIM domains form dimers in vitro. These results may lead to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of dual functions of WLIMla during cotton fiber development.
