【目的】查明红九棘鲈胚胎发育时序及仔、稚鱼形态特征变化,为建立批量化人工育苗技术、制定规模化繁育策略奠定基础。【方法】利用体视显微镜对红九棘鲈胚胎发育及仔、稚鱼发育过程进行观察和图像采集,记录分析其各时期的形态特征和发...【目的】查明红九棘鲈胚胎发育时序及仔、稚鱼形态特征变化,为建立批量化人工育苗技术、制定规模化繁育策略奠定基础。【方法】利用体视显微镜对红九棘鲈胚胎发育及仔、稚鱼发育过程进行观察和图像采集,记录分析其各时期的形态特征和发育特点。【结果】红九棘鲈受精卵属浮性卵,呈现透明球状,平均卵径(864.5±29.6)μm。受精卵中央具油球1个,油球平均直径(174.2±5.3)μm。受精卵经历卵裂、囊胚、原肠胚、神经胚、器官形成和孵化等6个阶段,历时24 h 30 min完成胚胎发育。初孵仔鱼平均全长(1.84±0.11)mm,仔鱼孵化3 d后卵黄囊消失,转变为外源性营养,成为晚期仔鱼;晚期仔鱼发育至24日龄时全长(16.83±2.38)mm,各鳍鳍条形成,变态成为稚鱼;稚鱼期开始出现鳞片和体色,生长速率加快,组织、器官形态分化更加完善,60日龄稚鱼全长(65.83±6.71)mm,各器官发育完善,体色为暗红色,特征与成鱼类似。【结论】本研究首次系统揭示了红九棘鲈胚胎至稚鱼阶段的发育规律,查明了胚胎发育时序、胚后阶段划分标准及关键生长参数。研究结果为建立红九棘鲈苗种规模化生产技术提供了理论基础,对减少野生资源依赖、开发适合工厂化和深远海养殖的名贵鱼类具有重要意义。展开更多
The complete diallel cross design was employed to estimate the genetic parameters of the growth of Japanese flounder （Paralichthys olivaceus）. A total of 60 full-sib families were cultivated and two growth-related t...The complete diallel cross design was employed to estimate the genetic parameters of the growth of Japanese flounder （Paralichthys olivaceus）. A total of 60 full-sib families were cultivated and two growth-related traits, body weight （BW） and body length （BL）, were examined at average 2, 3 and 8 months of age respectively, with 1 800 individuals measured in each age group （30 per family）. Based on the additive-dominance-maternal-effect genetic analysis model, the restricted maximum likelihood approach was used to estimate various （co）variance components. The results showed that narrow-sense heritability estimates of BW and BL were respectively： 0.29 ± 0.01 and 0.22 ± 0.02 at 2 months of age, 0.32 ± 0.02 and 0.30 ± 0.04 at 3 months of age, 0.48 ± 0.04 and 0.40 ± 0.05 at 8 months of age; broad-sense heritability estimates were respectively： 0.44 ± 0.02 and 0.54 ± 0.04 at 2 months of age, 0.35 ± 0.01 and 0.36 ± 0.03 at 3 months of age, 0.49 ± 0.03 and 0.45 ± 0.04. All heritabilities were statistically significant （P 0.05）. Additive genetic correlations between BW and BL at 2, 3 and 8 months of age were consistently positive and highly significant （P 0.01）： 0.93 ± 0.02, 0.95 ± 0.03 and 0.92 ± 0.03 respectively. Maternal effect was significant （P 0.05） only at 2 months of age, and was not detected at 3 and 8 months of age. According to the heritability estimates, the mass selection strategy should be efficient for the breeding of Japanese flounder.展开更多
The release of mitochondrial genome sequences provides the basis for characterizing interspecific and intraspecific variation in Brassica mitochondrial genomes.However,few B.juncea(mustard)mitochondrial genomes have b...The release of mitochondrial genome sequences provides the basis for characterizing interspecific and intraspecific variation in Brassica mitochondrial genomes.However,few B.juncea(mustard)mitochondrial genomes have been published.We assembled the mitochondrial genomes of three B.juncea subspecies and compared them with previously published genomes.The genomes were phylogenetically classified into A,B,C,and Bna clades.Two variant sites,a transversion(C→A)at nt 79,573 and a 31-bp copy-number variation between nts 65,564 and 65,596,were identified.Based on these variant sites,mitotype-specific sequence markers were developed to characterize the variation among worldwide 558 B.juncea accessions.Three mitochondrial genome types(mitotypes MT1–MT3)were identified.In terms of geographical distribution,MT1 and MT2 accessions were distributed mainly to the north and MT3 to the south of 34°N.Root mustards carried only MT1,leaf and stem mustards carried mainly MT3,and seed mustards carried all three mitotypes,implying that the mitotypes underwent selection during B.juncea domestication.A new form of oil mustard evolved by hybridization between two gene pools in southwest China.展开更多
文摘【目的】查明红九棘鲈胚胎发育时序及仔、稚鱼形态特征变化,为建立批量化人工育苗技术、制定规模化繁育策略奠定基础。【方法】利用体视显微镜对红九棘鲈胚胎发育及仔、稚鱼发育过程进行观察和图像采集,记录分析其各时期的形态特征和发育特点。【结果】红九棘鲈受精卵属浮性卵,呈现透明球状,平均卵径(864.5±29.6)μm。受精卵中央具油球1个,油球平均直径(174.2±5.3)μm。受精卵经历卵裂、囊胚、原肠胚、神经胚、器官形成和孵化等6个阶段,历时24 h 30 min完成胚胎发育。初孵仔鱼平均全长(1.84±0.11)mm,仔鱼孵化3 d后卵黄囊消失,转变为外源性营养,成为晚期仔鱼;晚期仔鱼发育至24日龄时全长(16.83±2.38)mm,各鳍鳍条形成,变态成为稚鱼;稚鱼期开始出现鳞片和体色,生长速率加快,组织、器官形态分化更加完善,60日龄稚鱼全长(65.83±6.71)mm,各器官发育完善,体色为暗红色,特征与成鱼类似。【结论】本研究首次系统揭示了红九棘鲈胚胎至稚鱼阶段的发育规律,查明了胚胎发育时序、胚后阶段划分标准及关键生长参数。研究结果为建立红九棘鲈苗种规模化生产技术提供了理论基础,对减少野生资源依赖、开发适合工厂化和深远海养殖的名贵鱼类具有重要意义。
基金Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest of China under contract No.200903046Research Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China under contract No.2009C12078+1 种基金National Sparking Plan Project of China under contract No.2010GA700010Taishan Scholar Project of Shandong Province,China
文摘The complete diallel cross design was employed to estimate the genetic parameters of the growth of Japanese flounder （Paralichthys olivaceus）. A total of 60 full-sib families were cultivated and two growth-related traits, body weight （BW） and body length （BL）, were examined at average 2, 3 and 8 months of age respectively, with 1 800 individuals measured in each age group （30 per family）. Based on the additive-dominance-maternal-effect genetic analysis model, the restricted maximum likelihood approach was used to estimate various （co）variance components. The results showed that narrow-sense heritability estimates of BW and BL were respectively： 0.29 ± 0.01 and 0.22 ± 0.02 at 2 months of age, 0.32 ± 0.02 and 0.30 ± 0.04 at 3 months of age, 0.48 ± 0.04 and 0.40 ± 0.05 at 8 months of age; broad-sense heritability estimates were respectively： 0.44 ± 0.02 and 0.54 ± 0.04 at 2 months of age, 0.35 ± 0.01 and 0.36 ± 0.03 at 3 months of age, 0.49 ± 0.03 and 0.45 ± 0.04. All heritabilities were statistically significant （P 0.05）. Additive genetic correlations between BW and BL at 2, 3 and 8 months of age were consistently positive and highly significant （P 0.01）： 0.93 ± 0.02, 0.95 ± 0.03 and 0.92 ± 0.03 respectively. Maternal effect was significant （P 0.05） only at 2 months of age, and was not detected at 3 and 8 months of age. According to the heritability estimates, the mass selection strategy should be efficient for the breeding of Japanese flounder.
基金China Agriculture Research System(CARS-12)National Natural Science Foundation of China(U20A2029)。
文摘The release of mitochondrial genome sequences provides the basis for characterizing interspecific and intraspecific variation in Brassica mitochondrial genomes.However,few B.juncea(mustard)mitochondrial genomes have been published.We assembled the mitochondrial genomes of three B.juncea subspecies and compared them with previously published genomes.The genomes were phylogenetically classified into A,B,C,and Bna clades.Two variant sites,a transversion(C→A)at nt 79,573 and a 31-bp copy-number variation between nts 65,564 and 65,596,were identified.Based on these variant sites,mitotype-specific sequence markers were developed to characterize the variation among worldwide 558 B.juncea accessions.Three mitochondrial genome types(mitotypes MT1–MT3)were identified.In terms of geographical distribution,MT1 and MT2 accessions were distributed mainly to the north and MT3 to the south of 34°N.Root mustards carried only MT1,leaf and stem mustards carried mainly MT3,and seed mustards carried all three mitotypes,implying that the mitotypes underwent selection during B.juncea domestication.A new form of oil mustard evolved by hybridization between two gene pools in southwest China.
