In recent years,the shortage of available organs for transplant patients has grown exponentially across the globe.Consequently,the healthcare industry is in dire need of artificial substitutes.Many recent research stu...In recent years,the shortage of available organs for transplant patients has grown exponentially across the globe.Consequently,the healthcare industry is in dire need of artificial substitutes.Many recent research studies and tissue engineering groups have decided to utilize 3D bioprinting to produce these artificial organs.This synthetic organ printing is made possible by advancements in the materials required for the constructs,the printing method-ologies used to produce them,and the final physical structures’varying properties.The cutting-edge research and technology related to 3D and 4D live cell bioprinting have recently allowed researchers to produce multiple types of artificial organs and tissues.These tissues can be utilized for drug screening and organ replacement applica-tions.This article provides an extensive review of all the pertinent 3D live cell bioprinting technologies.First,we describe scaffolding methods and their comparison with the traditional technologies.Second,we explain the 3D bioprinting technology,its evolution,and its multiple types.Moreover,we describe the pros and cons of each bioprinting method.Third,we have discussed the critical bioink properties and their impact on the formation of 3D bioprinting models.In addition,we also describe the mechanical properties of bioprinters.Fourth,we have thoroughly discussed the various types of hydrogels and their properties.Every kind of hydrogel is utilized in specific applications,and we have presented a comprehensive list of its advantages and disadvantages.Fifth,we have discussed various applications of 3D bioprinting technology.We have considered a case study of human or-gans and elaborated on how bioprinters can revolutionize the organ replacement industry.Finally,we evaluated the possibility of 4D printing in the future organ industry,incorporating temporal factors into the bioprinting process.展开更多
With the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic still escalating,many researchers are turning to nanotechnology as a method of treatment not only for this pandemic,but in preparation for the pandemics of the future.Given both a wi...With the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic still escalating,many researchers are turning to nanotechnology as a method of treatment not only for this pandemic,but in preparation for the pandemics of the future.Given both a wide variety of biomaterials at their disposal and the recent rise of nanotechnology,scientists now have the means to release and distribute therapeutic drugs in a variety of ways.Such a variety permits medical professionals the ability to choose biomaterials and methods that would provide the best release and treatment methodologies for the viral ailment they are attempting to remedy.This integrative review discusses context of previous pandemics,viral pathogenesis,issues associated with the current state of antiviral delivery systems,numerous biomaterials used for this purpose,and further information regarding the ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic.展开更多
Biomanufacturing relies on living cells to produce biotechnology-based therapeutics,tissue engineering constructs,vaccines,and a vast range of agricultural and industrial products.With the escalating demand for these ...Biomanufacturing relies on living cells to produce biotechnology-based therapeutics,tissue engineering constructs,vaccines,and a vast range of agricultural and industrial products.With the escalating demand for these bio-based products,any process that could improve yields and shorten outcome timelines by accelerating cell proliferation would have a significant impact across the discipline.While these goals are primarily achieved using biological or chemical strategies,harnessing cell mechanosensitivity represents a promising–albeit less studied–physical pathway to promote bioprocessing endpoints,yet identifying which mechanical parameters influence cell activities has remained elusive.We tested the hypothesis that mechanical signals,delivered non-invasively using low-intensity vibration(LIV;<1 g,10–500 Hz),will enhance cell expansion,and determined that any unique signal configuration was not equally influential across a range of cell types.Varying frequency,intensity,duration,refractory period,and daily doses of LIV increased proliferation in Chinese Hamster Ovary(CHO)-adherent cells(t79%in 96 hr)using a particular set of LIV parameters(0.2 g,500 Hz,3-30 min/d,2 hr refractory period),yet this same mechanical input suppressed proliferation in CHO-suspension cells(-13%).Another set of LIV parameters(30 Hz,0.7 g,2-60 min/d,2 hr refractory period)however,were able to increase the proliferation of CHO-suspension cells by 210%and T-cells by 20.3%.Importantly,we also reported that T-cell response to LIV was in-part dependent upon AKT phosphorylation,as inhibiting AKT phosphorylation reduced the proliferative effect of LIV by over 60%,suggesting that suspension cells utilize mechanism(s)similar to adherent cells to sense specific LIV signals.Particle image velocimetry combined with finite element modeling showed high transmissibility of these signals across fluids(>90%),and LIV effectively scaled up to T75 flasks.Ultimately,when LIV is tailored to the target cell population,it's highly efficient transmission across media represents a means to noninvasively augment biomanufacturing endpoints for both adherent and suspended cells,and holds immediate applications,ranging from small-scale,patient-specific personalized medicine to large-scale commercial biocentric production challenges.展开更多
文摘In recent years,the shortage of available organs for transplant patients has grown exponentially across the globe.Consequently,the healthcare industry is in dire need of artificial substitutes.Many recent research studies and tissue engineering groups have decided to utilize 3D bioprinting to produce these artificial organs.This synthetic organ printing is made possible by advancements in the materials required for the constructs,the printing method-ologies used to produce them,and the final physical structures’varying properties.The cutting-edge research and technology related to 3D and 4D live cell bioprinting have recently allowed researchers to produce multiple types of artificial organs and tissues.These tissues can be utilized for drug screening and organ replacement applica-tions.This article provides an extensive review of all the pertinent 3D live cell bioprinting technologies.First,we describe scaffolding methods and their comparison with the traditional technologies.Second,we explain the 3D bioprinting technology,its evolution,and its multiple types.Moreover,we describe the pros and cons of each bioprinting method.Third,we have discussed the critical bioink properties and their impact on the formation of 3D bioprinting models.In addition,we also describe the mechanical properties of bioprinters.Fourth,we have thoroughly discussed the various types of hydrogels and their properties.Every kind of hydrogel is utilized in specific applications,and we have presented a comprehensive list of its advantages and disadvantages.Fifth,we have discussed various applications of 3D bioprinting technology.We have considered a case study of human or-gans and elaborated on how bioprinters can revolutionize the organ replacement industry.Finally,we evaluated the possibility of 4D printing in the future organ industry,incorporating temporal factors into the bioprinting process.
文摘With the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic still escalating,many researchers are turning to nanotechnology as a method of treatment not only for this pandemic,but in preparation for the pandemics of the future.Given both a wide variety of biomaterials at their disposal and the recent rise of nanotechnology,scientists now have the means to release and distribute therapeutic drugs in a variety of ways.Such a variety permits medical professionals the ability to choose biomaterials and methods that would provide the best release and treatment methodologies for the viral ailment they are attempting to remedy.This integrative review discusses context of previous pandemics,viral pathogenesis,issues associated with the current state of antiviral delivery systems,numerous biomaterials used for this purpose,and further information regarding the ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic.
基金supported by the Long Island Bioscience Hub funded through the NIH-Research Evaluation and Commercialization Hub(U-HL127522)the Research Foundation Technology Accelerator Fund,the Center for Biotechnology(NYSTAR)as well as grants from NIH(AG059923,P20GM109095)and NSF(1929188&2025505).
文摘Biomanufacturing relies on living cells to produce biotechnology-based therapeutics,tissue engineering constructs,vaccines,and a vast range of agricultural and industrial products.With the escalating demand for these bio-based products,any process that could improve yields and shorten outcome timelines by accelerating cell proliferation would have a significant impact across the discipline.While these goals are primarily achieved using biological or chemical strategies,harnessing cell mechanosensitivity represents a promising–albeit less studied–physical pathway to promote bioprocessing endpoints,yet identifying which mechanical parameters influence cell activities has remained elusive.We tested the hypothesis that mechanical signals,delivered non-invasively using low-intensity vibration(LIV;<1 g,10–500 Hz),will enhance cell expansion,and determined that any unique signal configuration was not equally influential across a range of cell types.Varying frequency,intensity,duration,refractory period,and daily doses of LIV increased proliferation in Chinese Hamster Ovary(CHO)-adherent cells(t79%in 96 hr)using a particular set of LIV parameters(0.2 g,500 Hz,3-30 min/d,2 hr refractory period),yet this same mechanical input suppressed proliferation in CHO-suspension cells(-13%).Another set of LIV parameters(30 Hz,0.7 g,2-60 min/d,2 hr refractory period)however,were able to increase the proliferation of CHO-suspension cells by 210%and T-cells by 20.3%.Importantly,we also reported that T-cell response to LIV was in-part dependent upon AKT phosphorylation,as inhibiting AKT phosphorylation reduced the proliferative effect of LIV by over 60%,suggesting that suspension cells utilize mechanism(s)similar to adherent cells to sense specific LIV signals.Particle image velocimetry combined with finite element modeling showed high transmissibility of these signals across fluids(>90%),and LIV effectively scaled up to T75 flasks.Ultimately,when LIV is tailored to the target cell population,it's highly efficient transmission across media represents a means to noninvasively augment biomanufacturing endpoints for both adherent and suspended cells,and holds immediate applications,ranging from small-scale,patient-specific personalized medicine to large-scale commercial biocentric production challenges.
